Imbalance in

Ecosystem
Definition
Ecosystems are organized in a state of balance where species coexist with
other species. If something happens in an ecosystem, it can shift from a
state of balance to a state of imbalance. Ecological imbalance is when a
natural or human-caused disturbance disrupts the natural balance of an
ecosystem. A disturbance is any change that causes a disruption in the
balance of an ecosystem.

Examples of natural disturbances are

● Volcanic eruptions
● Floods
● Natural fires

Examples of human-caused disturbances are

● The introduction of a new species

● Logging a forest
● Pollution
● Overhunting of a species
Significance
● Favorable ecosystem ensures that each
organism thrive and multiply as expected.
They get enough food to keep them alive.
Ecological balance is also important
because it leads to the continuous
existence of the organisms. It ensures that
no particular species is exploited or
overused.
● Species living in an ecosystem play an
important part in keeping an ecosystem
running smoothly. If one species is lost the
entire ecosystem can stop working.
Reasons

1. Urbanization
2. Deforestation
3. Mining Activities
4. Industrialization
5. Forest fires
6. Overgrazing
7. Acid Rain
8. GreenHouse Effect
9. Use of Pesticides
10. Changing Hydrology
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
NATIONAL ISSUES:
THESE ARE ISSUES THAT INFLUENCE A NATION AND MUST
BE SETTLED INSIDE THE NATION.
EG: POLLUTION( AIR, WATER, SOIL)
GLOBAL ISSUES:
THESE ARE ISSUES THAT INFLUENCE DISTINCTIVE
COUNTRIES AND MUST BE RESOLVED THROUGH
SOLIDARITY OF INFLUENCED COUNTRY.
EG: GLOBAL WARMING OR GREENHOUSE EFFECT
ACID RAIN
AIR AND MARINE POLLUTION
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
GREENHOUSE EFFECT TO CIRCUMSTANCES
WHERE: THE SHORT WAVELENGTH OF VISIBLE
LIGHT FROM SUN PASS THROUGH TRANSPARENT
MEDIUMS ie: ENVELOPE OF GASES- CO , CO2 , SO2
etc. AND ARE ABSORBED.
BUT LONGER WAVELENGTH OF INFRARED
RADIATION FROM THE HEATED OBJECTS ARE
UNABLE TO PASS THROUGH THAT MEDIUM AND
ARE TRAPPED CAUSING MORE HEATING AND
HIGHER RESULTANT TEMPERATURE.
CONSEQUENCES OF ECOLOGICAL IMBALANCE

● IT RESULTS IN THE INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE OF THE EARTH AS A WHOLE CAUSING

GLOBAL WARMING
● THE RISE IN TEMPERATURE RESULT INCREASE IN SEA LEVEL DUE TO THE MELTING OF
POLAR CAPS.
● WARMING UP OF THE ATMOSPHERE CAUSES NATURAL CALAMITIES LIKE FLOOD,
HURRICANES, AND CYCLONES NEARBY THE OCEANS.
● HIGHER ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE INCREASE EVAPORATION OF WATER FROM THE
FARMS REDUCING CROP YIELD
● MONSOON MAY EVEN STOP ALTOGETHER OR RAINFALL MAY BE ALTERED.

Bishrampur is locate 28kms away
from Ambikapur in Surguja
District,Chhattisgarh. Bhadgao
village is situated in north eastern
side of Bishrampur and 20kms
away from it. Many open and
underground mining centres are
located in and around Bishrampur.
However the last decade has seen
large scale unregulated SECL
mining, residential and
commercial expansion,
overstraining the water resources
and generally defunct civic
amenities.
Due to excessive mining in these
areas air, water and soil are
continuously getting polluted, so it
is necessary to analyze the extend
of pollutant present in the water in
these areas and find a solution for
this.
CASE STUDY - Ecological imbalance in
Surguja Coal Field Area due to Mining
MATERIAL AND METHOD
Ponds and bore wells from Bishrampur and Bhadgao regions are
selected for the investigation purposes. Sampling spot for water
analysis were named as BP1, BP2, BP3, BhP1,BhP2,BhP3 (for surface
water) and BW1 ,BW2, BW3, BhW1, BhW2, BhW3( for underground
water). Water samples are collected in 2 lit Polythene jerry canes
previously soaked with 8M HNO3 and then cleaned with detergent
followed by rinsing with distilled water. The collected water sample
were preserved in ice cooled chamber and kept in the dark room. The
entire chemicals used in the analysis were LOBA/BDH. Double
distilled water was always used in the analysis and in all the solution
preparation. All the glassware were graduated and caliberated,
manufactured by Borosil,India.
The following parameters were analyzed using standard procedures:
● Temperature pH,EC,TS, TDS, TSS
● Alkalinity TH, DO, BOD, COD, F,SO4,NO3 , were analyzed
instantly in the sampling spot and the others were analyzed in
the laboratries.
Results and Discussion
Pollution of both surface and underground water systems through
anthropogenic activities is the major environmental problem faced
worldwide. In and around Bishrampur and Bhatgaon, small and large
mining fields are located. The underground drinking water quality in
these regions continues to decline due to excessive underground
mining. Owing to mining, aerosols containing mixed inorganic matter
along with carbon particles are contaminating different water systems
by mixing with water and finally causing pollution. The increasing
pollution has increased the rate of vaporization of water too.

Surface water of the following areas were selected for the project :
● Bishrampur named as Pokhra Talab (BP1)
● Talab Near Jainagar (BP2)
● Gaurishankar Mandir Talab (BP3)
● Tube well Near Railway Station (BW1)
● Hand Pump Near Jainagar (BW2)
● Tube well Near SECL Hospital (BW3)
● Bhatgaon named as Pond Near Kalyani UG Mine (BhP1)
● Bhatgaon Talab (BhP2)
● Talab near Bhatgaon-Bishrampur Road (BhP3)
● Tube well Near Sivani Khadan (BhW1)
● Tube well Near Jharia Chowk (BW2)
● Tube well near Mission School (BhW3)
Story for illustration purposes only
The pH, TDS, D.O., F− , SO4 2−,TS, Alkalinity and Cl− of BP1 - BP3 and BW1 -
BW3 ,BhP1 - BhP3 , BhW1 - BhW3 were found within desirable limits. If TDS of
water higher than permissible limits they can cause stone formation in human
beings,

D.O. is one of the most important parameters in assessing water quality and
reflects the physical and biological processes prevailing in the water if its value
is lower than 5 mg/L.

Low fluoride level is linked with dental carries and high fluoride level may cause
fluorosis and excess sulphate ions had laxative, cathartic effect on human
health. The upper limit recommended 250 mg/L for human consumption.
Higher values may cause gastrointestinal troubles in human beings.

High concentration of sulphate is obtained due to the decomposition of organic

substances in the lateritic soils.

In the present study Conductivity, TSS, Total Hardness, BOD, COD, NO3 − of all
samples, Temperature of BP2 and BhP1, TS of BP1 – BP3, BhP1 and BhP2,
alkalinity of BhP1 and BW1 – BW2 , BhP1 and BhW1 - BhW3, Cl− of BhP2 and
BW1 – BW2 , BhP2, BhW1 and BhW2 were found higher than the maximum
permissible limits.

Higher value of BOD indicates microbial pollution in samples, COD Values of all
water samples were high is a definite indication of coal dust accumulation due
to mining, excess of nitrate in water causes carcinogenic activities, the
concentration of chloride in water is not exceeding 250 mg/L, if 1mg/L Chloride
content in water, it affects fish and aquatic organisms.
Conclusion

It was found that deteriorating water quality due to mining, continued to ruin the health standards

of local people, reducing the number of flora and fauna, reduced the agricultural land area and it

constrained farmers to migrate, this led to increased entropy in ecology of Bishrampur and

Bhadgao regions causing an ECOLOGICAL I M B A L A N C E.

 RESEARCH
ECOLOGICAL IMBALANCES CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES

Environment consists of three basic

components
● Abiotic or physical component
● Biotic components and
● Energy component.
Physical or abiotic component
consists of lithospheric
components, hydrospheric
component and atmospheric
component. While biotic
component comprises plant
component, animal (including
man) component and micro
organism component. Energy
component includes solar energy
and geothermal energy.
Objective of the study
● To understand relationship
between
man-resource-environment.
● To study the particular causes
and consequences of ecological
imbalance.
● Awareness of various effect on
ecological imbalance.

Causes for ecological imbalance

● Changing hydrology
● Large scale use of fertilizers and
pesticides
● Acid rain
● Greenhouse effect
● Forest fire
● Overgrazing
● Mining activities
● Urbanisation
Impact of ecological imbalance
● Effects on human health
● Soil degradation
● Desertification
● Genetic resource depletion
● Contamination of food
● Depletion of ozone layer
● Global warming

Responsible countries

It is considered that the world is being

polluted as the rich or developed countries
emit 80 percent of poisonous gases into the
environment from their factories, cars etc.,
consume more resources than required and
generate more waste.
Conclusion

The major causes of environmental

pollution are industrialization,
urbanisation. If action isn't taken
immediately worldwide to reduce
carbon emissions, the consequences
could be catastrophic. It is about
humanity. It's about the right to
protection against deliberate and
careless destruction of human
.homelands, property, and livelihoods.

Reference

● Author
Dr. Ramamohana Reddy
Appannagari
Environmental Ecologist,
CHEMTEX Environmental &
Industrial Hygiene Services,
Laboratory, Port Arthur, Texas,
USA

● Link
https://www.researchgate.net/pu
blication/323943659_Ecological_I
mbalances_Causes_and_Conseq
uences
MINING AFFECTING ECOLOGICAL BALANCE
CONCLUSIONS
The value of some physico-chemical parameter
(Temperature, TS, TDS, TSS, alkalinity, Total hardness,
BOD, COD, Cl in the study of pond
waters and bore well waters is higher than the
recommended limit is an indication of pollution hazards.

Both surface water and underground water are polluted. All

these sampling locations are contaminated due to various
mining activities, like coal washery, heavy transportation of
coal by trucks, coal dumping and loading station and
formation of dust due to blasting.

The elevated values of

these parameters are of great concern to public health when
the water from these bore wells are consumed by people
without treatment.
Above results conclude that ecological
imbalance has occurred in Bishrampur and Bhadgaon
regions of Sarguja district due to mining.
This can be minimized by proper water treatment and management.
● MINING SOLUTIONS
● Government regulations

This includes the protection of workers and also the

protection of local wildlife and plants.

● Reduce consumption
We have to make used goods be regarded as more valuable
and not dodgy
● Reuse and recycle
By doing so, you can save resources and also ensure that
resources are used more efficiently
● Nature reserves
Nature reserves are crucial for animals and plant species to
reproduce since they provide and ensure their natural living
conditions. Thus, nature reserves are another measure to
mitigate the adverse effects of mining operations.
SOLUTIONS
-To reduce carbon footprints-
Once people understand the affect that their carbon footprint hang on
the planet, they often want to know how they can reduce their carbon
footprint. One easy way to reduce your carbon footprint is to minimize
the energy you waste.

Tip
● Shut off lights, air conditioning, and electrical appliances when you aren't in a
room and use heat and air conditioning sparingly. Conserve paper by using
● Switch to energy efficient light bulbs, which will not only help the planet but reusable canvas
help your electricity bill, too. shopping bags.
● You can conserve water by taking shorter showers and keeping the water off
while you brush your teeth.
● Buy locally grown produce or even better, start your own garden. Lastly,
reconsider your transportation choices.
● Walking or riding a bike not only reduces your carbon footprint, it brings health
benefits