Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Strain
The femur fracture that commonly leads to avascular necrosis or nonunion due to an abundant
supply of blood vessels in the area is a fracture of the...
Femur neck
-osteomyelitis
-tetanus
-gas gangrene
Colles fracture
Common pulmonary complications for the elderly following a hip fracture include
__________________ and ___________________.
Three range of motion activities are avoided for a patient with a lower extremity amputation:
___________________
__________________
__________________
-abduction
-external rotation
-flexion
Patients who experience a fracture of the humeral neck are advised that healing will take an
average of ______________ weeks, with restricted vigorous activity for an additional
__________ weeks.
10
4
The longest immobilization time necessary for fracture union occurs with a fracture of the
_______________________.
tibial shaft
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
Joint dislocation can lead to avascular necrosis if it is not treated. What is avascular necrosis?
Avascular necrosis (AVN) is tissue death due to anoxia and diminished blood supply.
The nurse feels a grating sensation in a patient's extremity. What is this sensation caused by?
How would the nurse document this sensation?
The sensation is caused by the rubbing of bone fragments against each other; the nurse would
document it as crepitus.
Early complications: shock, fat embolism, compartment syndrome, deep vein thrombosis,
thromboembolism, DIC, infection.
Delayed complications: delayed union and nonunion, avascular necrosis of bone, reaction to
internal fixation devices, complex regional pain syndrome, heterotrophic ossification.
A break occurs across the entire section of the bone is called ________________.
complete
avulsion
comminuted
One side of a bone is broken and the other side is bent is called _______________.
greenstick
A fracture that occurs through the epiphysis is called ___________.
epiphyseal
What immediate nursing and medical management techniques are used for an open fracture?
With an open fracture, the wound is covered with a sterile dressing to prevent contamination of
deeper tissues. No attempt is made to reduce the fracture, even if one of the bone fragments is
protruding through the wound. Splints are applied for immobilization.
Describe the difference between open and closed reduction as management techniques for
fractures.
Closed reduction is performed without a surgical incision and can be done when there is a
dislocation of a fracture. Cast may be applied after the procedure.
Open reduction is usually performed with plate and screws to provide immobilization of the
bone, especially if there is displacement of the fracture.
-immobilization
-maximum bone contact
-sufficient blood supply
-proper nutrition
-exercise (weight bearing for long bones)
-Hormones (growth hormone, thyroid, calcitonin, Vit D, anabolic steroids)
-electrical potential across fracture
Oblique
Depressed
Compressed
Open
Pathologic
bone fracture
Primary osteoporosis in women usually begins between the ages of ____ and ____.
The primary deficit in osteomalacia is ___________, which promotes calcium absorption from
the GI tract.
calcitonin
bisphosphonates,
plicamycin
The intervertebral disks that are subject to the greatest mechanical stress and greatest
degenerative changes are?
L4
L5
S1
Osteomyelitis with vascular insufficiency, which most commonly affects the feet, is seen most
often among patients with ______ and _______.
diabetes
PVD
Recommended adequate intake (RAI) level of calcium for all individuals is _____ to ____ mg
daily.
1,000-1,500
calcium intake
muscular activity
weight bearing
Identify at least five musculoskeletal problems that can cause acute low back pain.
A warm, painful, swollen joint with decreased ROM. Systematic chills, fever, and leukocytosis
are sometimes present. Although any joint may be infected, 50% of cases involve a knee.
Permits visualization of segments of the spinal cord that may have herniated or may be
compressed. This test is not frequently performed. Usually only when an MRI is contraindicated.
chlorhexidine solution
A nursing goal for a patient with skeletal traction is to avoid infection and the development of
_______ at the site of pin insertion.
osteomyelitis
The nurse knows to assess a patient for DVT by assessing the lower extremities for _______,
________, _______, and _________.
The nurse assess for perineal nerve injury by checking the patient's casted leg for the primary
symptoms of _________, ________, and ________.
-burning
-numbness
-tingling
The nurse expects that ________ of weight can be used for a patient in skeletal traction.
25 pounds
An artificial joint for total hip replacement involves an implant that consists of _____, _______,
and ________.
The nurse caring for a postoperative hip replacement patient knows that the patient should not
cross his or her legs at any time for _______ after surgery.
4 months
After a total hip replacement, the patient is usually able to resume daily activities after
________.
3 to 6 months
Unrelieved pain for a patient in a cast must be IMMEDIATELY reported to avoid _________,
_________, _______, and ________.
-necrosis
-impaired tissue perfusion
-pressure ulcer formation
-possible paralysis
-reducing a fracture
-correcting a deformity
-applying uniform pressure to underlying soft tissue
-providing support and stability for weak joints
The nurse completes a neurovascular assessment of the fingers or toes of a casted extremity to
determine circulatory status. What expected outcomes does the nurse anticipate will occur?
The toes/fingers should be pink, warm, and easily moved/wiggled. There should be minimal
swelling and discomfort. The blanch test should be done to determine rapid capillary refill.
What are the five "Ps" that should be assessed as part of the neuromuscular check?
List the danger signs of possible circulatory constriction that the nurse should assess for in a
casted extremity.
unrelieved pain
swelling
discoloration
tingling
numbness
inability to move fingers/toes
temperature changes
Compartment syndrome
pressure ulcers
disuse syndrome
-Pressure ulcers
-atelectasis
-pneumonia
-constipation
-anorexia
-urinary stasis and infection
-DVT or PE
Patient teaching for ambulation with canes and walkers include _____.
Cane
Opposite
Affected
Leg
TRACTION