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Musculoskeletal Trauma

The document discusses musculoskeletal trauma and injuries. It describes the anatomy of the musculoskeletal system including bones, joints, muscles, tendons and ligaments. The four main types of musculoskeletal injuries are strains, sprains, dislocations and fractures. Assessment involves surveying the scene, initial assessment, focused exam, detailed exam and ongoing monitoring. Injuries are managed by protecting wounds, positioning limbs, immobilizing injuries, and checking neurovascular function. Compartment syndrome is a musculoskeletal emergency caused by increased pressure within tissues.

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Rismayanti Hairil
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2K views68 pages

Musculoskeletal Trauma

The document discusses musculoskeletal trauma and injuries. It describes the anatomy of the musculoskeletal system including bones, joints, muscles, tendons and ligaments. The four main types of musculoskeletal injuries are strains, sprains, dislocations and fractures. Assessment involves surveying the scene, initial assessment, focused exam, detailed exam and ongoing monitoring. Injuries are managed by protecting wounds, positioning limbs, immobilizing injuries, and checking neurovascular function. Compartment syndrome is a musculoskeletal emergency caused by increased pressure within tissues.

Uploaded by

Rismayanti Hairil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MUSCULOSKELETAL TRAUMA

ADRIANSYAH AMRI
TREE OF ANDRY NICOLAS ANDRE
Introduction
 Millions of cases annually.
 Multiple MOI :
 Falls, Automobile collisions, Crashes,
Violence, etc
 Multi-system trauma
 Rarely life threatening
 Improperly treated can result permanent
disability.
Anatomy & Physiology of the
Musculoskeletal System
Structures
 Skin
 Bones
 Joints – where bones interact
 Muscles
 Tendons - connect muscle to bone
 Ligaments - connect bone to bone
 Neurovascular
The Skeleton
Types of Muscles
The Neurovascular
Function
 Protects organs
 Allows for efficient movement
 Stores salts and other materials needed
for metabolism
 Produces RBCis
 Scaffolding / Support
Pathophysiology of the
Musculoskeletal System
Injuries to the Musculoskeletal System

Four basic types of musculoskeletal injuries are:


 Strain - An extreme stretching or tearing of MUSCLE & /
OR TENDON.
 Sprain - partial or complete tearing of LIGAMENTS and
tissues at the joint.
 Dislocation - displacement or separation of a bone from its
normal position at the joint.
 Fracture - a break or disruption in bone
 closed - the broken bones do not penetrate the skin
 open - the skin is pierced by broken bone fragments
Injuries to the Musculoskeletal System

Four basic types of musculoskeletal injuries are:


 Strain - An extreme stretching or tearing of MUSCLE & /
OR TENDON.
 Sprain - partial or complete tearing of LIGAMENTS and
tissues at the joint.
 Dislocation - displacement or separation of a bone from its
normal position at the joint.
 Fracture - a discontinuity of the bone, partial or total
 closed - the broken bones do not penetrate the skin
 open - the skin is pierced by broken bone fragments
Injuries to the Musculoskeletal System

Four basic types of musculoskeletal injuries are:


 Strain - An extreme stretching or tearing of MUSCLE & /
OR TENDON.
 Sprain - partial or complete tearing of LIGAMENTS and
tissues at the joint.
 Dislocation - displacement or separation of a bone from its
normal position at the joint.
 Fracture - a discontinuty of the bone , partial or total
 closed - the broken bones do not penetrate the skin
 open - the skin is pierced by broken bone fragments
Musculoskeletal Injury Assessment
Scene Survey
Initial Assessment
Focused history and physical exam
 Rapid Trauma Assessment
Detailed Physical Exam
Ongoing Assessment
Scene Size-up
Initial Assessment
Focused history and physical exam
 Rapid Trauma Assessment
Detailed Physical Exam
Ongoing Assessment
Scene Size-up
Initial Assessment
Focused history and physical exam
 Rapid Trauma Assessment
Detailed Physical Exam
Ongoing Assessment
Scene Size-up
Initial Assessment
Focused history and physical exam
 Rapid Trauma Assessment
Detailed Physical Exam
Ongoing Assessment
Scene Size-up
Initial Assessment
Focused history and physical exam
 Rapid Trauma Assessment
Detailed Physical Exam
Ongoing Assessment
Common Signals of Musculoskeletal Injury :
 Pain
 Swelling
 Deformity
 Discoloration of the skin (bruising)
 Inability to use the affected part normally
 Loss of sensation in the affected part.
Musculoskeletal Injury Management
General Principles
 Protecting Open Wounds
 Positioning the limb
 Immobilizing the injury
 Checking Neurovascular Function
Immobilizing a joint
Four months post-op

One years post-op


Preoperative
Debridement + necrotomy Identification of artery, veins,
nerves & tendons
Bone Fixation Repair ulnar artery
Repair of extensor tendons Repair of flexor tendons
7 weeks post operation
COMPARTMENT
SYNDROME
Compartment Syndrome
 Occurs when pressure w/i soft tissues in a
fixed body compartment increases to level
that exceeds venous pressure,
compromising venous blood flow, and
limiting capillary perfusion.
 Leads to muscle ischemia and necrosis.
 TRUE ORTHOPEDIC EMERGENCY
Compartment Syndrome
Contributing Factors
 External:
 Conditions that reduced size of muscle
compartment (casts/splints); occlusive
dressing; eschar of burns
 Internal:
 Conditions that increase compartment
volume: bleeding, swelling, fluid
extravasation into tissue
CS-Recognition
 Suspect with long bone fx, crush injuries, Fx’s
associated w/ significant vascular injuries or
pronounced swelling.
 Presents as pain out of proportion to physical
findings, +/- hypoesthesia, pulselessness (late).
Compartment Syndrome

 Intra-compartment pressures must be measured once


the issue of compartment syndrome is raised.
Summary
 Musculoskeletal system extends into all
parts of the body
 Musculoskeletal trauma usually not life
threatening
 Proper recognition and treatment is very
important to avoid permanent disability
TERIMA KASIH

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