TEACHER’S NOTES

WORKSHEETS, ACTIVITIE S & GA ME S Concluding Paragraphs

Activity Type Introduction

Reading and writing In this concluding paragraphs worksheet, students learn and
exercises practice writing concluding paragraphs that restate a thesis
statement, summarise key points, and end with a final statement.

Focus Procedure
Concluding paragraphs
Give each student a copy of the two-page worksheet.

Students begin by reading a short text explaining the elements

Aim
that make up a concluding paragraph. The students also examine
To learn and practice an example concluding paragraph and its structure.
writing concluding
paragraphs that restate Students then write concluding sentences by reading thesis
a thesis statement, statements and rewriting them so that the language is new but
summarise key points, the ideas are unchanged. Remind the students to begin each
and end with a final concluding sentence with an appropriate transition.
statement.
Exercise A - Possible answers

Preparation 1. T o conclude, too much organized and planned free time has
negative consequences for children.
Make one copy of the
2. To sum up, there are several factors that lead to more crime.
two-page worksheet for
3. I n conclusion, many places are suffering from the impacts of
each student.
increased numbers of tourists.
4. I n summary, globalization has made the world a better place
Level inspite of its flaws.
5. I n conclusion, governments should impose restrictions on
Intermediate (B1) companies advertising to children.
6. T o conclude, state owned cultural venues should provide free
entry to all.
Time 7. I n summary, staff will be more motivated if employers utilize
60 minutes certain policies and practices.
8. I n conclusion, starting a new company requires that certain
factors be examined carefully.

(continued on the next page)

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 TEACHER’S NOTES

WORKSHEETS, ACTIVITIE S & GA ME S Concluding Paragraphs

Activity Type Procedure continued

Reading and writing Next, students use notes from basic essay outlines to write the first
exercises two sentences of three concluding paragraphs. The first sentence
is a concluding sentence and the second sentence summarises
the main ideas of the body paragraphs.
Focus
Concluding paragraphs Exercise B - Possible answers

1. In summary, physical education should hold an important

Aim place in school curriculums. This is because it can help reduce the
number of overweight children, it is beneficial to mental health,
To learn and practice and it builds students' interpersonal abilities.
writing concluding
paragraphs that restate 2. In conclusion, online shopping is better than traditional shopping
a thesis statement, in many ways. Not only does it make life easier and offer more
summarise key points, variety to consumers, but it also benefits their finances.
and end with a final
statement. 3. To sum up, there are some important responsibilities that
governments are tasked with managing. These include but are
not limited to creating and amending legislation, delivering health
Preparation and education provision, and dealing with foreign policy.
Make one copy of the
two-page worksheet for In the final exercise, students use essay questions to write their
each student. own concluding paragraphs that contain a concluding sentence
beginning with a transition, a summary of the key points from the
body paragraphs, and a final statement.
Level
Exercise C - Possible answers
Intermediate (B1)
1. In conclusion, traffic congestion stems from three main factors.
Overdependence on cars, insufficient public transport, and poor
Time town planning all contribute to the problem. If governments fail
60 minutes to address the issue, it may lead to negative economic outcomes.

2. To sum up, good teaching requires several key personal

attributes. Perhaps the most important of these include patience,
enthusiasm, and empathy. Newly qualified teachers would do well
to develop these qualities.

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 ESSAY WRITING

WORKSHEETS, ACTIVITIE S & GA ME S Concluding Paragraphs

The last paragraph of an essay is the concluding paragraph. It indicates to the reader that the
essay is ending, reminds the reader of the overall main idea of the essay and its main points,
and ends with a brief final statement.

The example concluding paragraph in the box below begins with a clear transition to signal
the end of the essay. It then paraphrases the thesis statement, which can be achieved by
replacing keywords with synonyms or swapping the position of clauses. The second sentence
summarises the key points expressed in the body paragraphs. Thus, we can infer that the first
body paragraph discussed economics, the second discussed military, and the third discussed
culture. Finally, the last sentence is a final statement, which in this case is similar to a prediction.

Thesis statement: Despite its current problems, America has retained its preeminent status.

In conclusion, the United States is considered the world's most powerful country. This is due
to its economic, military, and cultural influence. However, questions remain as to whether
America can preserve this position.

A. Write concluding sentences by reading the thesis statements and rewriting them
so that the language is new but the ideas are unchanged. Begin each concluding
sentence with an appropriate transition.

1. Children today do not have enough free unstructured playtime.

..................................................................................................................................

2. Crime is a serious social problem that has a number of key causes.

..................................................................................................................................

3. Mass tourism can bring about a number of negative effects.

..................................................................................................................................

4. Despite its problems, globalization has been, in some ways, a beneficial phenomenon.

..................................................................................................................................

5. Advertising targeted at children should be more tightly regulated.

..................................................................................................................................

6. Governments should make entry to museums and art galleries free to the public.

..................................................................................................................................

7. There are a number of actions that companies can take to increase staff motivation.

..................................................................................................................................

8. There are some important planning considerations for those wanting to start a new business.

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 ESSAY WRITING

WORKSHEETS, ACTIVITIE S & GA ME S Concluding Paragraphs

B. Use the notes in the basic essay outlines below to write a concluding sentence and
a second sentence that summarises the main ideas of the body paragraphs.

1. Thesis statement: Physical education is an essential school subject.

Topic sentence 1: Necessary to fight childhood obesity.
Topic sentence 2: Exercise relieves stress and anxiety.
Topic sentence 3: Sports develop teamwork and leadership skills.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

2. Thesis statement: Shopping online has a number of advantages.

Topic sentence 1: Offers more convenience.
Topic sentence 2: Offers more choice.
Topic sentence 3: Online shopping saves money.

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3. Thesis statement: Governments have a number of important functions.

Topic sentence 1: Make new laws.
Topic sentence 2: Provide essential services.
Topic sentence 3: Manage international relations.

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C. Use the essay questions below to write your own concluding paragraphs that
contain a concluding sentence beginning with a transition, a summary of the key
points from the body paragraphs, and a final statement.

1. What are the main causes of traffic congestion?

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

2. What are the characteristics of an effective teacher?

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