CHANGES for

FE Reference Handbook 10.2

ISBN: 978-1-947801-11-0
Fourth printing, July 2022

Errata posted July 11, 2022

Errata below has been corrected in FE Reference Handbook 10.2.

The exam will be administered using the updated version of the handbook.

Register or log in to your MyNCEES account to download a free

version of the FE Reference Handbook.

UNITS AND CONVERSION FACTORS

p. 3
Added revolution (rev) and RPM (revolution per minute) to table.

Multiply By To Obtain
radian (rad) 180/π degree
revolution (rev) 2×π radian
rpm
(revolutions per minute) 2 × π/60 radian/second
SAFETY
p. 26
Updated table, added bold lines to distinguish sections, and added a note.
Detailed Corrosion Data on Construction Materials

KEY TO CHARTS

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

SODIUM HYDROXIDE
TEMPERATURE, °F

300

HYDROCHLORIC
200

METHANOL
AMMONIA,
AQUEOUS
100 ACETIC

NITRIC
ACID,

ACID,

ACID,
0
0 50 100
CONCENTRATION, %

COPPER, AL BRONZE, TIN BRONZE DRY

= < 0.002 IN. PER YR. AERATED
= < 0.02 IN. PER YR.
= 0.02 - 0.05 IN. PER YR.
= > 0.05 IN. PER YR.
HASTELLOY C 600°F
= < 0.002 IN. PER YR.
= < 0.02 IN. PER YR. AERATED OR
AIR-FREE
= 0.02 - 0.05 IN. PER YR.
= > 0.05 IN. PER YR. 12½ 25 37½
NEOPRENE
= SATISFACTORY
= FOR LIMITED USE ONLY
= UNSATISFACTORY

POLYETHYLENE
= COMPLETE RESISTANCE
= SOME ATTACK
= ATTACK OR DECOMPOSITION

RUBBER, BUTYL
= SATISFACTORY
= SATISFACTORY FOR LIMITED USE
= GENERALLY UNSATISFACTORY

STAINLESS STEEL, TYPE 316

= < 0.002 IN. PER YR.
= < 0.02 IN. PER YR.
= 0.02 - 0.05 IN. PER YR.
= > 0.05 IN. PER YR.
STEEL ALKALINE
= < 0.002 IN. PER YR.
= < 0.02 IN. PER YR.
= 0.02 - 0.05 IN. PER YR.
= > 0.05 IN. PER YR.
STRESS CRACKS
AT HIGHER TEMPS.
STYRENE COPOLYMERS, HIGH IMPACT
= SATISFACTORY
= SATISFACTORY FOR LIMITED USE
= UNSATISFACTORY

Note: Symbols on vertical heavy lines represent 100% concentration. Symbols on horizontal heavy lines
represent 300°F temperature.
Adapted from Perry, Robert H., and Don Green, Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 6 ed, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963, pp 23-13-23-30.
MATHEMATICS
p. 48
Equation number 22 under Derivatives should read as follows:

22.

ENGINEERING PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

p. 69

Updated the variable definitions for the least squares equation.

Linear Regression and Goodness of Fit

Least Squares
t
yt  at  bx
where
bt = Sxy/Sxx
at = y - bt x

Sxy = / xi yi - ^1/nhe / xi oe / yi o
n n n

i=1 i=1 i=1

Sxx = / xi2 - ^1/n he / xi o

n n 2

i=1 i=1

y = ^1/n he / yi o
n

i=1

x = ^1/n he / xi o
n

i=1

where
n = sample size
FLUID MECHANICS
p. 191
Updated the y axis on the graph, changing 100 to 160.

Fluid Flow Machinery

Centrifugal Pump Characteristics
MODEL 3656/3756 S-GROUP 1750 RPM NOTE: NOT RECOMMENDED FOR OPERATION
5AI, BF, AB/SIZE 1-1/2 X 2 - 8 BEYOND PRINTED H-Q CURVE.

METERS FEET
NPSHR - FEET

70 %EFF 50 60 70 3'
20 A 8 1/16" DIA.
5'
60 7'
B 7 3/4"
TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD

72
70
15 50 11'
C 6 3/4"
60
40

3H
P
10 D 5 3/4"
30

2H
P
20

11
1H
3/4

/2
P

HP
HP

10
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 U.S. GPM

0 10 20 30 40 m3/hr
CAPACITY

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP CURVE FOR A GOULD MODEL 3656/3756 PUMP

Aerodynamics
Airfoil Theory
pp. 198–199
Updated the equation and variables for the aspect ratio AR.
b2
AR = A
p

where
b = span length
Ap = plan area
CIVIL ENGINEERING
p. 276

Moved table from Unified Design Provisions to just under Beams—Shear

Beams—Shear

φVc
< Vu ≤ φ Vc V u > φ Vc
2

Smaller of:
Av f y Vu
s= Vs = − Vc
50b w φ
Required Av f y
spacing s= Av f y d
0.75 b w fc '
s=
Vs

Vs ≤ 4 bw d fc '
Smaller of:
Smaller of: d
s= OR
Maximum d 2
permitted
s=
2 s = 24"
spacing
OR
s = 24" Vs > 4 bw d fc '
Smaller of:
d
s=
4
s = 12"
pp. 303–304

Basic Freeway Segment Highway Capacity

Reorganized this section and replaced tables.

Parameters for Speed-Flow Curves for Basic Freeway Segments

Parameter Definition and Units Basic Freeway Segments

FFS Base segment free-flow speed (mph) Measured or predicted with equation
FFSadj Adjusted free-flow speed (mph) FFSadj = FFS × SAF
SAF Speed adjustment factor (decimal) SAF = 1.00 for base conditions
c = 2,200 + 10(FFS − 50)
c Base segment capacity (pc/h/ln) c ≤ 2,400
55 ≤ FFS ≤ 75
cadj Adjusted segment capacity (pc/h/ln) cadj = c × CAF
CAF Capacity adjustment factor (decimal) CAF = 1.00 for base conditions
Dc Density at capacity (pc/mi/ln) 45
BP Breakpoint (pc/h/ln) BPadj = [1,000 + 40 × (75 − FFSadj)] × CAF 2
a Exponent calibration parameter (decimal) 2.00
Adapted from HCM: Highway Capacity Manual, 6th ed., A Guide for Multimodal Mobility Analysis, Transportation
Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2016.

where
pc/h/ln = passenger cars per hour per lane

S  FFSadj v p # BP

f FFSadj  pa v p  BP k
cadj a
Dc
S  FFSadj  BP 1 v p # c
acadj  BP k
a

FFS = BFFS – fLW – fRLC – 3.22 TRD0.84

where
FFS = free flow speed of basic freeway segment (mph)
BFFS = base free flow speed of basic freeway segment (mph); default is 75.4 mph
fLW = adjustment for lane width (mph)
fRLC = adjustment for right-side lateral clearance (mph)
TRD = total ramp density (ramps/mi)

Adjustment to FFS for Average Lane Width for Basic Freeway

and Multilane Highway Segments
Average Lane Width (ft) Reduction in FFS, fLW (mph)
≥12 0.0
≥11 – 12 1.9
≥10 – 11 6.6

HCM: Highway Capacity Manual, 6th ed., A Guide for Multimodal Mobility Analysis, Transportation
Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2016, Exhibit 12-20, p. 12-29.
 Adjustment to FFS for Right-Side Lateral
Clearance, fRLC (mph), for Basic Freeway Segments
Right-Side
Lanes in One Direction
Lateral
Clearance (ft) 2 3 4 ≥5
≥6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1
4 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.2
3 1.8 1.2 0.6 0.3
2 2.4 1.6 0.8 0.4
1 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.5
0 3.6 2.4 1.2 0.6
HCM: Highway Capacity Manual, 6th ed., A Guide for Multimodal Mobility Analysis, Transportation
Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2016, Exhibit 12-21, p. 12-29.

V
vp = PHF # N # f
HV

where
vp = demand flow rate under equivalent base conditions (pc/h/ln)
V = demand volume under prevailing conditions (veh/h)
PHF = peak-hour factor
N = number of lanes in analysis direction
fHV = adjustment factor for presence of heavy vehicles in traffic stream, calculated with
1
1  PT _ ET  1 i
fHV 

where
fHV = heavy-vehicle adjustment factor
PT = proportion of single unit trucks and tractor trailers in traffic stream
ET = passenger-car equivalent (PCE) of single unit truck or tractor trailer in traffic stream

PCE by Type of Terrain

Vehicle Level Rolling
ET 2.0 3.0

vp
D= S
where
D = density(pc/mi/ln)
vp = demand flow rate (pc/h/ln)
S = mean speed of traffic stream under base conditions (mph)

Level of Service (LOS) Density (pc/mi/ln)

A ≤11
B >11 – 18
C >18 – 26
D >26 – 35
E >35 – 45
Demand exceeds capacity
F >45
p. 308

Earthwork formulas
Inserted the Mass Haul Diagram.
Average End Area Formula
V = L(A1 + A2)/2

Prismoidal Formula
V = L (A1 + 4Am + A2)/6
where
Am = area of mid-section
L = distance between A1 and A2

Pyramid or Cone
V = h (area of base)/3
ELEVATION (ft)

PROFILE

EXISTING GROUND
BEGINNING
OF PROJECT CUT

FILL PROPOSED FILL

GRADE LINE
MASS HAUL ORDINATE (yd3)

STATION

MASS HAUL DIAGRAM

BALANCE
POINT

STATION

Mass haul ordinate is the cumulative total of excavation and embankment at a given station.
Earthwork may be adjusted to account for shrinkage by increasing fill at each station by the shrinkage factor.
ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
p. 366
Reworded the AC Machines section.

AC Machines
The synchronous speed ns for ac motors is given by
ns = 120f/p
where
f = the line voltage frequency (Hz)
p = the number of poles

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
p. 442
Updated the ASME standard as shown.

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T)

Feature Control Frame
From the ASME Y14.5 standard: "A feature control frame is a rectangle divided into compartments containing
the geometric characteristic symbol followed by the tolerance value or description, modifiers, and any
applicable datum reference features."
p. 445
Removed Concentricity and Symmetry from the table in the Location section.
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T)
(continued)

Tolerance ASME Drawing Callout Drawing Callout Tolerance Zone Zone

Types Symbol Example Meaning Definition Modifiers Datums
(for Example) Allowed Used Additional Comments

10±0.2 0.1 Tol. Zone

0.1 A B Parallel planes, at a  Also controls surface flatness.
specified basic angle  A basic angle must be used from the toleranced
30° A 30° Datum A from a datum plane(s) feature to the datum referenced.
Angularity within which all surface No Yes  MMC can be used when angularity is applied to an
B Datum B
elements must lie (Surface) axis or centerplane of a feature.

0.1 A 0.1 Tol. Zone Parallel planes, at 90

10±0.2 degrees basic
Datum A No Yes  A refinement of size.
(perpendicular) to a
A 90°  Also controls surface flatness.
datum plane(s) within (Surface)
which the elements of a
Orientation surface must lie

Perpendicularity Ø5±0.2 Datum A

Cylindrical boundary, at
Ø 0.1 M A Ø0.1 Tol. Zone 90 degrees basic  Not a refinement of size.
10±0.2 at MMC (Ø4.8) (perpendicular) to a Yes Yes  Hole must also be within size limits.
A datum plane within which (Axis)  Calculation
Ø0.5 Tol. Zone the axis of the feature
at LMC (Ø5.2)
must lie

 Refinement of size.
0.1 A 0.1 Tol. Zone Parallel planes, parallel  Also controls surface flatness.
10±0.2  Can be applied to an axis of a feature in which the
to a datum plane (or
A axis) within which the No Yes zone could be parallel planes or a cylindrical
Parallelism Datum A elements of a surface (Surface) tolerance zone.
must lie  MMC can be used when parallelism is applied to
an axis or centerplane of a feature.

Ø5±0.2 Ø0.1 Tol. Zone

Ø 0.1 M A B C Datum C at MMC (Ø4.8) Cylindrical boundary,
5 within which the center
B Ø0.5 Tol. Zone
at LMC (Ø5.2) axis of a cylindrical
5 feature of size is Yes Yes  Primary control for features of size.
15 A permitted to vary from  Tolerance zone also defines the limits of variation
C 15 Datum B
the true (theoretically in attitude (perpendicularity) of the axis of a
exact) position cylinder or slot in relationship to a datum(s).
Location Position  Where feature control frames contain the same
10±0.2 5±0.2 0.1 Tol. Zone datums in the same order of precedence with the
0.1 M A B M at MMC (4.8) Parallel planes, within same modifying symbols, they are considered a
which the center plane of single composite pattern. If not required, it must
a slot is permitted to vary state 'SEPARATE REQUIREMENT.'
from the true Yes Yes
0.5 Tol. Zone (theoretically exact)
A Datum B at LMC (5.2)
B position

Ø5±0.2
Ø10±0.2 R 0.1 Tol. Zone
0.1 A Two concentric circles,  An axis to surface control.
within which each  A composite control which includes roundness
circular element must lie No Yes and axis offset.
Circular in relationship to the  Applies to each circular element independently.
Runout Datum A
datum axis  Datum applied on an RFS basis only.
A
Runout
Ø10±0.2 Ø5±0.2 R 0.1 Tol.
0.1 A Zone
Two concentric cylinders,  An axis to surface control.
within which all circular  Provides composite control of all surface
elements must lie elements. Used to control cumulative variations
Total (simultaneously) in No Yes of circularity, straightness, taper, and axis offset.
Runout relationship to the datum  Datum applied on an RFS basis only.
A Datum A
axis

Rule #1 Variations of Form (Envelope Principle) A feature shall not extend Variations of Size Rule #2
beyond a boundary (envelope) of perfect form at MMC. The actual local size of an individual feature at
Individual Feature of Size each cross section shall be within the specified All Applicable Geometric Tolerances
EXTERNAL Ø22.2
tolerance of size.
FEATURE
Where only a tolerance of RFS applies, with respect to the individual tolerance,
Ø 22.2
size is specified, the limits 22.1
GAGE Perfect Form at MMC Not Required datum reference, or both, where no modifying symbol
Ø22.1
of size of an individual feature Where it is desired to permit a surface or is specified. MMC and LMC must be specified on the
prescribe the extent to which Ø22.2 drawing where it is required.
surfaces of a feature to exceed the boundary
variations in its geometric form, AT Ø22.2 (MMC) of perfect form at MMC, a note such as
as well as size, are allowed. FORM SHALL PERFECT FORM AT MMC NOT REQUIRED
BE PERFECT
Ø22.1 is specifiied.

INTERNAL Ø22.4
FEATURE
22.4
Ø
22.3
Ø22.3
GAGE
Ø22.4

AT Ø22.3 (MMC) Ø22.4

FORM SHALL
BE PERFECT Ø22.3

Courtesy of Dr. Greg Hetland, International Institute of Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing, www.iigdt.com.