A Microstrip Patch Antenna with Coplanar Feed Line W. Menzel and W. Grabherr sauctvely or capactvely. The input return Tons cam easy be ‘tjusted via the slot length Additional Trequency toning ‘ose by switching between inductive and capacitive coup 1. Iwrropucnox TCROSTRIP antennas have found widespread applica ‘ions for microwave as well as millimeter wave sys tems. On the other hand, for components including ative devices, especially MMICs, coplanar line is gaining an in- creasing interest, Coplanar line allows the realization of Series as well as shunt connections on one side ofthe planat substrate avoiding via hole connections. Furthermore, the substrate canbe relatively thick. This fct, on the other hand, matches well with good efficiency and improved bandwidth ‘of microstrip antennas integrated on the same substrate ‘A ficet but less successful effort realizing coplanar antennas Js desribed in {1}, and in [2], a dielectric resonator antenna Js fed with coplanar fine 1, Cortanan Fe Parc ANTENNA ‘To combine the advantages of coplanar line and microstrip patch antennas, two antenna configurations as shown in Fig. 1 were fabricated and investigated experimentally. patch resonator is placed on one side ofthe substrate, while a sot | arranged opposite to the patch in the ground plane. The slot then is fed with 4 coplanar lie. The inner conductor of, the coplanar line may either be connected direct across the slot forming an indvetive type of feeding (Fig. (a), or it ‘may be coupled tothe slot in a capacitive way (Fig. 1b). Such & coplanar fed slo is used, to, in the design of a ‘coplanar FET oscillator (3 ‘The antenna arrangement presented here is partly similar to that described in (8] where a slot in the ground plane is fed via microstrip line onan additional substrate layer, besides the use of coplanar ine, however, our structure avoids the ditional substrate layer. ‘The patch was designed using transmission line calcula tions {5} operate— without the slo in the ground plane—in the range of 5 GHz. The slot, however, introduces an Mano rev Jay 1, 19 {her auhe ne wih he Derma of lec! Enger and Mizowane Tcius, Utrera Ul, P.O” Bor 6b, Lita 9 TREE Ung Nanber ass Fe 1 Coafarion of the copia fet micro ch atoms wih Teo and cece) soci inductive component tothe current inthe ground plane, thus the frequency of operation is reduced. The width of the slot ‘was chosen tbe | mm, 'AS a first est, the input return loss ofboth structures was measured as a function of slot length. To this end, the sot length was reduced litle by litle soldering thin metal strips scros the end portions ofthe slot. In both structures, a good ‘match could be obtained, while the frequency was changed t0 some extent, too. The dependence of return loss and operat ‘ng frequency on slot length sploted in Figs. 2 and 3 forthe two feeding structures, In the case ofthe inductive coupling, the return loss depends strongly on the slot width, while in the capacitive coupled arrangement, the return loss is low lover a wide range of slot widths. The antenna bandwidth (10 4B return los) was around 3.5% for the inductive coupling, but only 2.85 forthe eapactve coupling. Regarding Figs. 2 and 3, it can be seen that an acceptable return lose for both sructres can be achieved atthe same slot length bat at different frequencies. This fact raised the idea to tune or switch the frequency of operation using. & varacor diode or a PIN diode, respectively, to modify the coupling, To test this, a modified structure was used (Fig. 4), land the effect of a PIN’ diode was simulated by an open Circuit oF a thin wire soldered from the end of the coplanar center conductor to the opposite side of the slot. The return Toss versus frequency for both cases is plotted in Fig. 4. A frequency shift of 370 MHz is achieved inthis way, main: taining @ return Toss of beter than ~20 dB at the center frequencies Both structures were tested, 100, ia simple, provisional antenna range. The Hplane radiation patterns are shown in Fig. 5. The capacitive coupling shows a 3B beamwidth of 1051.$207/9180.00 198 EEE Call for Papers—Topical Meeting on Elecrial Performance of Electronic Packaging 3630 52 as 8 2 ry = 8 moe 3 4s OE ; 2 oe & ae os | oral [shone E 8 ane E 3 46 aR z 4a Frequency / GHz & ie So iore ceva omae 4. Satsotstocs ofa Steg V 7 -30 + 4 2 10 12 4 16 \ \ Slot length Is / mm ‘Fig, 2, Renien loss and resonant Frequency of the antenna with inductively g* A “oul B ; e PRC , zn 46 Fa — /, 7 See | ns Ey = every | earch Sola ak 7 vane) | Geral i 2., NK ae vs a0 3010) 80 e § Angle / degrees : 3 re 5. Hon ler fr pach acs wi apc Ot Both oe i S £ g “WN YX é coupling) was measured to 67° Al diagrams are relatively 25 3,8 roa at Tow evation anger; this is de to the aml ‘substrate width of only 50 mm (6). 30 46 I. Conctusion 2 4 16 8 ach Sm fr ng» mci ach an i Slot length Is / mm Ste ‘ype of coupling, and a fequeney shitcan be 3. Routan emt ey este hcp aotived switching between capacitive and inductive cou - ‘couple sl. ling. As it is known from other slot coupled patches [4], 80° and a backward radiation level 9.5 dB below the main ‘beam. For the inductive coupling, these data amount 10 70° ‘and 10 dB, respectively, It should be noted, however, tht in the later case the frequency was about 8% higher. Tn the E-plane, the 3-dB beam width (for the inductive Call for Papers—Topical Meeting on Elecrial Performance of Electronic Packaging ‘some radiation is found on the backside ofthe structure; as long as the slot is notin resonance, however, ths bachward radiation canbe kept relatively smal, Further investigations have to be done concerning the infuence of slot width on frequency, impedance match, bandwidth ad tunability 363ReveRences 1) 1%, Grier, “Copia spline amen” Mirowave Jp (2) BLA. Kran a, “Colmar wave exsition of dee (0) B.Rat ad A Beye, Call for Papers—Topical Meeting on Elecrial Performance of Electronic Packaging (41 PL Stan and. H, Stason, “Amp an apr coped rosea” IEEE Tron Anemes Prope wl APS, pp orice, Aap 1986 151 HE Rinctg and Rei, Janen, “Accum mode fr efetve ‘lean contan of mits with ay op to mene ‘oqentesr” Electron: Eat nl 8 pps 2271 (6) cK Bhaactaryye, "Efi prod par and Stic ca ‘ha the ces os peed ste” IEEE Tron on Ine Propagat vl 9p 908-3, 1 363