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JEE-2023 (Gen-4 to Gen-6) Batch C1

Topic: Introduction to Organic Chemistry-2

Aayush Nagpal
Chemistry Faculty, Vidyamandir Classes
B.Tech: Delhi Technological University(DTU)
{Formerly Delhi College of Engineering(DCE)}
Email: aayush.nagpal@vidyamandir.com
 # Types of C-atoms

*
Primary 11°) *
Secondary 1201 *
Tertiary (5) *
Quaateeenahylti )
Ex : (E) <
Bango >
Degree of H atoms
-

µ,
>

> 10°) ( 1°)

Ctk 3) Hf Cha
- -

Ctb "" (5)

☐ , (2) 11%2 CHZ >
"

c¥%ttÉ
~
,
"
(2) 5) µµ§- c-
109 ?
c+y-c¥§c¥345
I
*)
µ E)
4) it'3s(3949 (a)
2) < µ,
Hgc-21-13 "
✓
tijc -
C
l
-

H
>
(5)
(1) i cHz * No 401-1 atoms
-

possible .

*
]
6 Diamond c
c

c C .
C
[All C- atoms

c c c
c are ]
4°
c c

C
c
c
(
Sps )

7)
Graphite :
:
:
.

:
:
:
:
i
i i.
. .

: .
.
[All C- atoms are

i.
" "
. .
i :

! ; i ; ,
are 39
:
'

i 1 '
:
:
:
:
.
.
:
; i
: (sp4
; .

!
,
# Bond Line Formulae
* All lines are bonds .

atoms
* All corners &
joints are c- .

attached
* All ends to which
something is
might not be C- atom .

H
> Hy c- ( Ethene)
(1) H
' '
H

Ex : (Methane)
H 1- H CH 4
② >
§ or
> Hf CH2-4-12 -
OH

OH HO
(
Plopand)
(3) -1
Oh
L

C-his end is not c- atom)

 Isomerism
It is the
phenomenon of existence
of two or more
compounds with same

molecular
formula ( ME) but
different physical & chemical
properties .

/
Structural Constitutional Isomerism stereo /
Configurational Isomerism

orientation
same MF
, diff .
structural
formula (SF) same MF
,
same SF
, diff .
 Structural Isomerism

1) Chain Isomers :
Diff . number
of /
C- atoms in the BPCC main chain .

CCI)
Ex : MF >
↳ tho

In butane)
-

{ Butane} Cisco -

butane { 2- Methyl }
propane

(BPCC : 4 c- atoms) (BPCC :

3 C- atoms)
2) Positional Isomers :
Same BPCC ,
but
diff positions of
.
side chains or

CPI) side or substituents

groups
.

Ex : MF > ↳ HI 4

L -l

{2- Methyl pentane} { 3- Methyl pentane}

3) Functional Isomers : Same MF
,
but
diff functional group
.
.

( FI) MF
Ex : >
↳ 1-160

OL O

v
(
Puopionaldehyde) { Propanol} { Propan 2- }
-
one ( Acetone)

Ex : MF >
CyHwO

V
u
0

OH

(n
butyl ) { Batan
alcohol 1- ol } { 1- Methoxy propane } (
methyl ether
propyl
-

n
-

-
 4) Tautomeks Functional isomers in
:

equilibrium with each other .

Ex : MF > CZHGO

(a)
OH
y°
) { Prop 1- en 1- ol } { Propanol} ( Puopionaldehyde)
(
Puopenyl alcohol -
-

( Aldo -
enol tautomerism)
0
OH
(b)

(
Puopenyl alcohol ) { Prop -

1- en 1- ol
-

} { Propan -
2- one
} ( Acetone)
( keto -

end tautomerism)
 -

Ex : MF :
↳ H5NO

0
OH
-

N N

){ Hydeoxyethanimine}
(Acetaldoxime N -

{ Nitroso ethane}

(Nitroso -
Oxime tautomerism)
5) Metamehs : Same
functional group ,
but
different alkylation on either side
of it -

EX : MF >
c4Hio0

v v

(CI also )
0
0

(Diethyl ether ) { Etnoxy ethane

} { 1-Methoxy propane} (Methyl n-p.no/sylether)
Ex : MF > G- 1-1100

O
L ✓

CPI also)

0
(Methyl n -

propyl ketone)
{ Penton -
2- one}
{ Penton -3 -

one
} (Diethyl ketone)
 Ex : MF > ↳ 1-160

A
-

( )
Only
FI

[Not Metamer ]
°
(Dimethyl ketone) { Paopan -
2- one } { Propanol } (Pnopionaldehyde)

Note : In case
of definition overlapping follow given
the
,
below

order
priority
.

P Positional Isomers
F M C >

< ✓
Chain Isomers
Functional isomers Metamer
6) Ring Chain Isomers :
Isomers include both
aliphatic acyclic compounds
.

Ex: MF >
↳ HG

( { Propene} { cyclopropane}
Propylene)
Ex : C4H6

{ cydobutene} { But-2 -

yney { Bicycle 11.1.01 }

butane
 Homologous Series of Alkanes
H [ Cn Hantz]

☐ ctk, :
{ Methane} C or H

(
H ÷; H
1-
H2 H
H

d) GHG :{ Ethane} Hf Ctb

-
oh H C C H or

( H H
1-
H2

3) ↳ Hg :{ Propane} tic -

Ctb Ctb
-
or
or or

or
(
1-
H2
4) Cytho :{ Butane }

a) Hzc Cha Cha Ctb 0h Oh

- - -

E- In butane)
-

{ Butane}
"

b)
itb oh
oh
tzc CH CH
-
-

{ iso - butane
} { Methyl propane}
2-

+
CH2
5) G- Ha :{ Pentane }
oh
(a) Hzc Cha Cha Ctbictlz oh
- -
-

>
4- pentane) { Pentane }
Itb
> (b) tzc-CH-CHa-CHz.ch oh

{ 2-Methyl butane }
Cisco -

pentane)
"
9-13
oh
(c) Hf -
C -

Ctb oh
"
"↳
1-
Ctb (neo pentane)
-

{ 2,2 Dimethyl propane }

6) ↳ Hm :{ Hexane }

(a) (d)
Cn hexane)
-
{ Hexane}
{ 2,3 Dimethyl
-

butane }
(b)
{ iso -

} { 2- Methyl pentane}
hexane
(e)

(c) (neo -
hexane)

{ 32 Dimethyl }
butane
{ Methyl pentane}
-

3-
 Pairs
of CI
Pairs
of PI

(a) b) , la c) la d)
,
, , ¢ e) ,
,

(b. c) , Cd e)
,

( b d) Cb e) , ¢ d)
, , , , , ¢ e)
,

(
+
H2
7) G- His :{ Heptane}
[ HKD
# Alkyl Groups/Radicals from Alkanes
Hemolytic pi
a- µ > + tic radical)
fission Hydrogen
'
( radical)
Alkyl
oh

R
(
Alkyl group)
Ex : ctk
,
:
tzc H > Itb -1 ti oh -

Ctb
{ Methyl radically { Methyl group}
 General
formula :
cnHzn+, G

☐ Itb or -

Ctb : { Methyl } ( Me)

101
a
2) ctljitlzor HE CHI
-

:{ Ethyl } let)
lil
ÉH, { Propyl}
a) Ctb Ctb oh
Ctb CHICHI In
propyl)
-
-
- : -

b)
b) H¥ 1-4,64
, or
CH - :
{1- Methyl ethyl} / isopropyl)
HE H§
4) Butyl groups
or radicals CG Hq ) -

F)
① HE CHA-CHA-CHA { Butyl } In )
butyl
:
-
- -

µ, 4)
Iii)
tzc
-

CHA
-

4-1
-

:{ 1- Methyl propyl } ( see -

butyl )
CHZ
41+3 µ)
liii) { 2- Methyl propyl } )
Hzc CH CH :
( iso
butyl
-
-

(b) 2- -

9-13,139
Civ) Hzc g-
-

{ 1,1 Dimethyl ethyl }

: -

(
tert-butyl)
CHZ
 Radicals ( G- )
5)
Pentyl
Hir
119
lil Hzc CHA CHA Cha CHI
-
- -
-
:
{ Pentyl } In -

pentyl)
(a) %?
Iii ) Hzc CHA CHA
-
- -
- :
{ 1- Methyl butyl }
dHz
iii) Hzc É?
CHA
{ 1- Ethyl propyl }
- -
-

dtb
kHz
 41-13 (f)
Civ) Hzc
-
CH -

Cha Cha - -

:{ 3- Methyl butyl}( pentyl)

is . -

41-13 (E)
(b) µ) Hzc CH CH
:{ 1,2
Dimethyl propyl}
- -
-

kHz
41-13 "
Ivi ) Hzc
-

cha -
C -13
:{ 1,1 Dimethyl propyl}
Itb
f)
(tent
pentyl) -

) 41-15
(Vii
Hgc
-
CH -

Cha -

CH
, :{ Methyl butyl}
2-
 4+13 ( lo)
(c) ☒
tbf
-

f- CHA
-

:{ 2,2 Dimethyl propyl}

-

Ctb ( neo
pentyl)
-

✗ ✗

6) radicals (41-1,5)
Hexyl
[ that]
Note :

ftb (e)
C- C- cH2- G
H§
-

CH -
c- C- C- c- . . . . .
. .
-

iso -
✓
<

ftb (5)
c- C- c- C- C- C- CH
H§ CH not iso
-

- -
- - - - - - -

<
&
* Same rule
for neo -

group
.
 % 119 41-13 ①
HC C
CH C- c- C-
Ctbi
C- c- C-
Cttg
- -
-
.. . . .

3
. . . . .

I
HC Ctb
3

iso
group
neo
group
-
-

[ only when attached at the end

of primary 1101
groups]

:(isopropyl)
incorrect acc.to norms

H§yµ
>

,
but used ;
, popular
H§ 1sec propyl) -
Homework
Module:-
Illustrations: I-1(without Naming), I-2
Exercises:
INE-A: Q1, Q2
INE-B: Q1 to Q5

Workbook:-
DTS-1: Q1
DTS-2: Q16 to Q18
DTS-3: Q31
DTS-4: Q50
DTS-6: Q80, Q82, Q83, Q85
DTS-7: Q87, Q88, Q90
DTS-8: Q98-Q101
DTS-9: Q106, Q108-Q110
DTS-11: Q138
Pre-Classwork for Introduction to Organic Chemistry-3

1. Homologous Series of Alkenes

2. Radicals/Groups from Derived from Alkenes

3. Homologous Series of Alkynes

4. Radicals/Groups from Derived from Alkynes

5. Homologous Series of Alkadienes

6. Concept of Degree of Unsaturation

7. Homologous Series of Cycloalkanes