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    Iman Imani
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    This document provides an introduction to the topic of texture in materials. It defines texture as the preferred orientation of crystallites in polycrystalline materials. Studying texture is important because it reveals anisotropy in physical and mechanical properties that depend on crystallographic orientation. Texture develops through processes like solidification, deformation, and annealing, and can be measured using techniques like X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction. Understanding texture provides insight into properties and how to control them through processing.

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    This document provides an introduction to the topic of texture in materials. It defines texture as the preferred orientation of crystallites in polycrystalline materials. Studying texture is important because it reveals anisotropy in physical and mechanical properties that depend on crystallographic orientation. Texture develops through processes like solidification, deformation, and annealing, and can be measured using techniques like X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction. Understanding texture provides insight into properties and how to control them through processing.

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    14 views18 pages

    CH 1

    Uploaded by

    Iman Imani
    This document provides an introduction to the topic of texture in materials. It defines texture as the preferred orientation of crystallites in polycrystalline materials. Studying texture is important because it reveals anisotropy in physical and mechanical properties that depend on crystallographic orientation. Texture develops through processes like solidification, deformation, and annealing, and can be measured using techniques like X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction. Understanding texture provides insight into properties and how to control them through processing.

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    of 18

    Sharif University of

    Technology
    Department of Material
    Science and Engineering
    TEXTURE OF MATERIALS

    A Course for Ph.D. Program in Materials Science and Engineering

    Lecturer: Prof. Dr. A. Akbarzadeh


    ‫نحوة ارزيابي‬

    ‫‪ 4 – Essay‬نمره‬
    ‫ميان ترم – ‪ 4‬نمره‬
    ‫پايان ترم (‪ 10 – )Take Home‬نمره‬
    ‫تكاليف – ‪ 2‬نمره‬
    REFERENCES
     An Introduction to Texture in Metals
    M. Hatherly , W. B. Hutchinson, The institute of metallurgists, London, 1979.

     Texture Analysis in Material Science


    H. J. Bunge, Butterworths, London, 1982.

     Texture and Anisotropy


    U. F. Kocks, C. N. Tome, H. R. Wenk, Cambridge University Press, 1998.
    TABLE OF CONTENTS
    preface Sample preparation
    •What is texture • Rolled sheets
    •Why we study texture • Compression specimens
    • Tension and extrusion specimens
    • Torsion specimens

    Texture measurement Process textures


    •Optical method • Solidification texture
    •X-ray diffraction • Deformation texture
    •Electron Back Scattering Diffraction • Annealing texture
    •Transmission Electron Microscope

    Texture demonstration Case Studies


    •Pole figures • Casting
    •Inverse pole figures
    • Metal Forming
    •Orientation Distribution function
    (ODF) • Annealing (Recrystallization)
    • Coating
    preface

    CHAPTER 1
    WHAT IS TEXTURE?
    • In latin, textor means weaver

    • In materials science, texture is the way in which a polycrystalline material is


    woven

    Texture of a textile Texture of a polycrystal


    WHAT IS TEXTURE?
     The difference of crystallography and texture.

     The intrinsic and simulative points of view.

     Dependence of properties on orientation in single


    crystals

     Preferred orientation in poly crystals.


    WHAT IS TEXTURE?
    What is a crystallite?
    •Limited volume of material in which periodicity of crystal lattice is present.
    •Each of these crystallites has a specific orientation of the crystal lattice
    WHAT IS TEXTURE?

    Real Situation:
    Many grains have common orientation,
    but they are spatially apart
    WHAT IS TEXTURE?
    MICROSTRUCTURE-PROPERTIES RELATIONSHIP
    Material Tetrahedron: A representation of different stages of materials
    engineering leading to product design

    Anisotropy
    WHY DO WE STUDY TEXTURE?
     Anisotropy in physical and
    mechanical properties.
    (two types of anisotropy: morphological
    and textural)

     Homogeneity and inhomogeneity


    in grain size

     Misorientation between the


    adjacent grains
    DEPENDENCE OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES TO ORIENTATION
     Minerals (ice, salts, rocks, ores)

     Metals and their alloys


    (steel, magnesium, intermetalics)
     Ceramics
    (silicates, oxides, carbides, nitrides)

    Orientation map (a) and


    the corresponding {0001}, {11-20}, {10-10} pole figures (b)
    showing the texture characterizing the 5%LM (LaMnO3 )doped
    BFO (Bismuth Iron Oxide, BiFeO3 ) thin film;
    colors relate to the normal direction i.e. z-axis; iso values for the
    peak intensities 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 mud
     Bio-Materials
    (bones, teeth, skin, shells)

    Variation in diffraction intensity of the (002) pole figures in the cortical bone portion of the rabbit ulna regenerated for 4 weeks after
    surgery, with (a) and without (b) bFGF.
    The texture was analyzed at the arrowed lateral portion near the neighboring radius. The center of the pole figures corresponds to the
    longitudinal direction, ND (arrow direction).
    The area with an intensity 1.5 times higher than that of randomly oriented BAp is shown in blue; the local maximum of the intensity is
    marked by a solid triangle.
     Polymers (crystalline particles)

    Pole figures of orthorhombic crystals of linear polyethylene


    ‫تأثیر نسبت کشش بر میزان بلورينگي چند نوع پلیمر‬
    No strain

    Large strain: 2.1


     Composites
    (MMC, fiber glass, wood)

    Al-SiC composites
    Reinforcement tends to randomize texture

     Powders (weak textures)

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