Albert Einstein, (born March 14, 1879, Ulm, Württemberg, Germany—died April 18,

1955, Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.), German-born physicist who developed the special
and general theories of relativity and won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 for
his explanation of the photoelectric effect. Einstein is generally considered the
most influential physicist of the 20th century.
pada tahun 1811, sejak ditandatanganinya Kapitulasi Tuntang yang salah satunya
berisi penyerahan Pulau Jawa dari Belanda kepada Britania, Pada tahun 1814
dilakukanlah Konvensi London yang isinya pemerintah Belanda berkuasa kembali atas
wilayah jajahan Britania di Indonesia. Lalu baru pada tahun 1816,
In August 2017 Prince Philip officially retired from public life, though he
periodically appeared at official engagements after that. In the meantime,
Elizabeth began to reduce her own official engagements, passing some duties on to
Prince Charles and other senior members of the royal family, though the pool of
stand-ins shrank when Charles’s younger son, Prince Harry, duke of Sussex, and his
wife, Meghan, duchess of Sussex, controversially chose to give up their royal roles
in March 2020. During this period, public interest in the queen and the royal
family grew as a result of the widespread popularity of The Crown, a Netflix
television series about the Windsors that debuted in 2016. Having dealt with
several physical setbacks in recent years, Philip, who had been Elizabeth’s husband
for more than seven decades, died in April 2021. On their 50th wedding anniversary,
in 1997, Elizabeth had said of Philip, “He has, quite simply, been my strength and
stay all these years.” Because of social-distancing protocols brought about by the
COVID-19 pandemic, the queen sat alone in a choir stall in St. George’s Chapel (in
Windsor Castle) at Philip’s funeral. The widely disseminated images of her tragic
isolation were heartbreaking but emblematic of the dignity and courage that she
brought to her reign.
lbert Einstein was born at Ulm, in Württemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879. Six
weeks later the family moved to Munich, where he later on began his schooling at
the Luitpold Gymnasium. Later, they moved to Italy and Albert continued his
education at Aarau, Switzerland and in 1896 he entered the Swiss Federal
Polytechnic School in Zurich to be trained as a teacher in physics and mathematics.
In 1901, the year he gained his diploma, he acquired Swiss citizenship and, as he
was unable to find a teaching post, he accepted a position as technical assistant
in the Swiss Patent Office. In 1905 he obtained his doctor’s degree.
Elizabeth was known to favour simplicity in court life and was also known to take a
serious and informed interest in government business, aside from the traditional
and ceremonial duties. Privately, she became a keen horsewoman; she kept
racehorses, frequently attended races, and periodically visited the Kentucky stud
farms in the United States. Her financial and property holdings made her one of the
world’s richest women.
kamp tawanan Jepang. Meskipun demikian, pada masa tersebut posisi Landarchief
sangat penting bagi orang-orang Belanda yang ingin mendapatkan keterangan asal-usul
keturunannya.
Surakarta, Dutch Soerakarta, also called Solo, kota (city), eastern Central Java
(Jawa Tengah) propinsi (or provinsi; province), Indonesia. It lies along the Solo
River about 35 miles (55 km) northeast of Yogyakarta. Once the capital of Surakarta
principality under the Dutch, it was occupied by Japan (1942–45) during World War
II and was later incorporated into the Indonesian republic.
Jokowi applied himself at school and won admittance to Gadjah Mada University in
Yogyakarta, from which he graduated (1985) with a degree in forestry engineering.
For several years he worked for a state-owned pulp mill in the Aceh region of
tersebut Arsip Nasional RI disingkat dengan ANRI. Perubahan yang cukup mencolok
adalah pengembangan struktur organisasi dengan
penyelenggaraan segala urusan Arsip Nasional dipindahkan ke Kementerian Pertama RI,
termasuk wewenang, tugas dan kewajiban, perlengkapan materiil dan personalia,
Keterangan dari arsip tersebut diperlukan untuk membebaskan diri dari tawanan
Jepang, jika mereka dapat menunjukkan bukti turunan orang Indonesia meski bukan
dari hasil pernikahan.
When in 1537 Henry’s third wife, Jane Seymour, gave birth to a son, Edward,
Elizabeth receded still further into relative obscurity, but she was not neglected.
Despite his capacity for monstrous cruelty, Henry VIII treated all his children
with what contemporaries regarded as affection; Elizabeth was present at ceremonial
occasions and was declared third in line to the throne. She spent much of the time
with her half brother Edward and, from her 10th year onward, profited from the
loving attention of her stepmother, Catherine Parr, the king’s sixth and last wife.
Under a series of distinguished tutors, of whom the best known is the Cambridge
humanist Roger Ascham, Elizabeth received the rigorous education normally reserved
for male heirs, consisting of a course of studies centring on classical languages,
history, rhetoric, and moral philosophy. “Her mind has no womanly weakness,” Ascham
wrote with the unselfconscious sexism of the age, “her perseverance is equal to
that of a man, and her memory long keeps what it quickly picks up.” In addition to
Greek and Latin, she became fluent in French and Italian, attainments of which she
was proud and which were in later years to serve her well in the conduct of
diplomacy. Thus steeped in the secular learning of the Renaissance, the quick-
witted and intellectually serious princess also studied theology, imbibing the
tenets of English Protestantism in its formative period. Her association with the
Reformation is critically important, for it shaped the future course of the nation,
but it does not appear to have been a personal passion: observers noted the young
princess’s fascination more with languages than with religious dogma.
completely changed the trajectory of modern medicine. Rebecca Skloot skillfully
commemorates the previously unknown life of a poor black woman
20. As Jokowi entered the presidency, he identified clamping-down on corruption as
among his top priorities and as a necessary step to attract more foreign direct
investment to the country. He also pushed a nine-point plan for Indonesia that
emphasized helping the poor by improving public services, implementing land
reforms, and developing more-affordable housing, among other measures.
Ibu kota Indonesia saat ini adalah Jakarta. Pada tanggal 18 Januari 2022,
pemerintah Indonesia menetapkan Ibu Kota Nusantara yang berada di Pulau Kalimantan,
yang menempati wilayah Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara, untuk menggantikan Jakarta
sebagai ibu kota yang baru.[20] Hingga tahun 2022, proses peralihan ibu kota masih
berlangsung.
karena berdasarkan Keputusan Presiden 228/1967 tanggal 2 Desember1967, Arsip
Nasional ditetapkan sebagai Lembaga Pemerintah
Setelah Majapahit mengalami kejatuhan, kesultanan-kesultanan bercorak Islam berdiri
dan berkembang pesat di Nusantara, terutama di Jawa. Kesultanan pertama di Pulau
Jawa yang telah diakui secara luas adalah Demak dan Cirebon yang berdiri pada abad
ke-15.[55][56] Namun beberapa waktu ini, beberapa pakar menemukan sejumlah bukti
tentang kesultanan Islam yang lebih tua, yaitu Lumajang, yang diperkirakan berdiri
pada akhir abad ke-13.[57] Setelah itu,
dan Prancis mendirikan Republik Batavia (1795–1806) dan Kerajaan Hollandia (1806–
1810) yang berstatus sebagai negara bawahan Prancis. Dengan demikian, secara tidak
langsung Prancis adalah penguasa tertinggi Hindia Belanda. Pada 1810 Kerajaan
Hollandia dileburkan dalam Kekaisaran Pertama Prancis, sehingga wilayah Hindia
Belanda menjadi jajahan Prancis secara langsung. Meskipun demikian pemerintahan dan
pertahanan tetap dipegang oleh warga Belanda (termasuk Herman Willem Daendels yang
istilah Kobunsjokan yang ditempatkan dibawah Bunkyokyoku. Sebagaimana pegawai-
pegawai Belanda lainnya,
Namun kebenaran tentang hal ini banyak diperdebatkan.[27]Di Pulau Jawa sendiri,
predikat kerajaan tertua di Pulau Jawa diduga dipegang oleh Salakanagara yang
berdiri pada abad ke-1 M di daerah sekitar Cianjur, Jawa Barat. Kerajaan ini
sendiri diperkirakan menjadi cikal bakal Tarumanagara yang berdiri pada tahun 358
Masehi. Keberadaan Salakanagara juga masih menjadi perdebatan di kalangan ahli
karena kurangnya bukti-bukti sejarah.[35]
Keterangan dari arsip tersebut diperlukan untuk membebaskan diri dari tawanan
Jepang, jika mereka dapat menunjukkan bukti turunan orang Indonesia meski bukan
dari hasil pernikahan.
When in 1537 Henry’s third wife, Jane Seymour, gave birth to a son, Edward,
Elizabeth receded still further into relative obscurity, but she was not neglected.
Despite his capacity for monstrous cruelty, Henry VIII treated all his children
with what contemporaries regarded as affection; Elizabeth was present at ceremonial
occasions and was declared third in line to the throne. She spent much of the time
with her half brother Edward and, from her 10th year onward, profited from the
loving attention of her stepmother, Catherine Parr, the king’s sixth and last wife.
Under a series of distinguished tutors, of whom the best known is the Cambridge
humanist Roger Ascham, Elizabeth received the rigorous education normally reserved
for male heirs, consisting of a course of studies centring on classical languages,
history, rhetoric, and moral philosophy. “Her mind has no womanly weakness,” Ascham
wrote with the unselfconscious sexism of the age, “her perseverance is equal to
that of a man, and her memory long keeps what it quickly picks up.” In addition to
Greek and Latin, she became fluent in French and Italian, attainments of which she
was proud and which were in later years to serve her well in the conduct of
diplomacy. Thus steeped in the secular learning of the Renaissance, the quick-
witted and intellectually serious princess also studied theology, imbibing the
tenets of English Protestantism in its formative period. Her association with the
Reformation is critically important, for it shaped the future course of the nation,
but it does not appear to have been a personal passion: observers noted the young
princess’s fascination more with languages than with religious dogma.
Sejarah Indonesia meliputi suatu rentang waktu yang sangat panjang yang dimulai
sejak zaman prasejarah berdasarkan penemuan "Manusia Jawa" yang berusia 1,7 juta
tahun yang lalu.
Oleh karena itu, Arsip Nasional RI tidak memiliki khasanah arsip pada masa
pendudukan Jepang. Lembaga Kearsipan yang pada masa Hindia Belanda bernama
Landarchief, pada masa pendudukan Jepang berganti dengan
Because of the political situation worsened after the outbreak of G-30-S/PKI, MPRS
Special Assembly, March 1967, appointed Soeharto as the President, inaugurated as
the second President of the Republic of Indonesia, March 1968. President Suharto
ruled for more than three decades through the election six times, until he
resigned, May 21, 1998.
Sejak Belanda melancarkan agresi militer yang pertama dan Elizabeth was the elder
daughter of Prince Albert, duke of York, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon.
As the child of a younger son of King George V, the young Elizabeth had little
prospect of acceding to the throne until her uncle, Edward VIII (afterward duke of
Windsor), abdicated in her father’s favour on December 11, 1936, at which time her
father became King George VI and she became heir presumptive. The princess’s
education was supervised by her mother, who entrusted her daughters to a governess,
Marion Crawford; the princess was also grounded in history by C.H.K. Marten,
afterward provost of Eton College, and had instruction from visiting teachers in
music and languages. During World War II she and her sister, Princess Margaret
Rose, perforce spent much of their time safely away from the London
The city is a market for the surrounding densely populated agricultural area, which
produces tobacco, sugar, rice, coconuts, fruits and vegetables, and cassava. The
making of batik cloth is a main industry, as are the manufacture of cigarettes,
furniture, and textiles; there is also metal casting and jewelry making. Local
handicrafts include pottery making, wood and bone carving, and the making of
musical instruments. The city is an important cultural centre for central Javanese
dance, music, and literature and is linked by road, rail, and air to the rest of
Java. Pop. (2010) 499,337.
Jokowi was born and raised in Surakarta, a city in the centre of Java northeast of
Yogyakarta. His father was a wood seller who plied his trade in the city’s streets,
and throughout much of Jokowi’s childhood he and his family lived in illegally
built shacks near the city’s flood-prone Solo River.
Pada masa kepemimpinan beliau terjadi perubahan struktur organisasi yang baru
dengan dikeluarkannya Keputusan Presiden RI
Nama "Inggris" (England) berasal dari kata Englaland dalam bahasa Inggris kuno,
yang berarti "tanah Angles".[15] Angles ini adalah salah satu dari suku-suku
Jermanik yang menetap di Britania Raya selama Abad Pertengahan Awal. Suku Angles
ini berasal dari semenanjung Angeln di Teluk Kiel, wilayah Laut Baltik.[16] Menurut
Oxford English Dictionary, penggunaan pertama yang diketahui dari kata "England"
untuk merujuk pada bagian selatan dari Pulau Britania Raya terjadi pada tahun 897,
dan ejaan modern untuk kata ini pertama kali digunakan pada tahun 1538.[17]
Kebijakan ke arah pemikiran untuk penyempurnaan tugas dan fungsi Arsip Nasional RI
diwujudkan pada masa kepemimpinan
penyelenggaraan segala urusan Arsip Nasional dipindahkan ke Kementerian Pertama RI,
termasuk wewenang, tugas dan kewajiban, perlengkapan materiil dan personalia,
mother. This tale of Enrique’s perilous journey is not for the faint of heart, but
it is an
northern Sumatra, and he later established his own furniture factory in Surakarta.
By 2002 he had become a highly successful furniture exporter, with showrooms on
several continents, as well as chairman of a local branch of the country’s
influential furniture manufacturers’ association.
In June 2022 Britain celebrated Elizabeth’s 70 years on the throne with the
“Platinum Jubilee,” a four-day national holiday that included the Trooping the
Colour ceremony, a thanksgiving service at St. Paul’s Cathedral, a pop music
concert at Buckingham Palace, and a pageant that employed street arts, theatre,
music, circus, carnival, and costume to honour the queen’s reign. Health issues
limited Elizabeth’s involvement. Concerns about the queen’s health also led to a
break in tradition when, in September, she appointed Boris Johnson’s replacement as
prime minister, Liz Truss, at Balmoral rather than at Buckingham Palace, where she
had formally appointed more than a dozen prime ministers.
penyelenggaraan segala urusan Arsip Nasional dipindahkan ke Kementerian Pertama RI,
termasuk wewenang, tugas dan kewajiban, perlengkapan materiil dan personalia,
et us now praise famous men, and our fathers that begat us.” From this line derives
the central issue of Agee and Evans’ work: who truly deserves our praise and
recognition? According to this 1941 biography, it’s the barely-surviving
sharecropper families who were severely
Selain memiliki penduduk yang padat dan wilayah yang luas, Indonesia memiliki alam
yang mendukung tingkat keanekaragaman hayati terbesar ke-2 di dunia.
University of Sebelas Maret, which was created in 1976 by consolidating five
existing institutions. The city also has several museums, an archive, and a number
of libraries, some with various text and multimedia collections available in
digital format.
When in 1537 Henry’s third wife, Jane Seymour, gave birth to a son, Edward,
Elizabeth receded still further into relative obscurity, but she was not neglected.
Despite his capacity for monstrous cruelty, Henry VIII treated all his children
with what contemporaries regarded as affection; Elizabeth was present at ceremonial
occasions and was declared third in line to the throne. She spent much of the time
with her half brother Edward and, from her 10th year onward, profited from the
loving attention of her stepmother, Catherine Parr, the king’s sixth and last wife.
Under a series of distinguished tutors, of whom the best known is the Cambridge
humanist Roger Ascham, Elizabeth received the rigorous education normally reserved
for male heirs, consisting of a course of studies centring on classical languages,
history, rhetoric, and moral philosophy. “Her mind has no womanly weakness,” Ascham
wrote with the unselfconscious sexism of the age, “her perseverance is equal to
that of a man, and her memory long keeps what it quickly picks up.” In addition to
Greek and Latin, she became fluent in French and Italian, attainments of which she
was proud and which were in later years to serve her well in the conduct of
diplomacy. Thus steeped in the secular learning of the Renaissance, the quick-
witted and intellectually serious princess also studied theology, imbibing the
tenets of English Protestantism in its formative period. Her association with the
Reformation is critically important, for it shaped the future course of the nation,
but it does not appear to have been a personal passion: observers noted the young
princess’s fascination more with languages than with religious dogma.
Dalam rangka penolakan tersebut, Lansarchief mendapat tugas khusus, yaitu: ikut
serta secara aktif dalam pekerjaan ilmiah untuk penulisan sejarah Hindia Belanda,
Pada masa kepemimpinan beliau terjadi perubahan struktur organisasi yang baru
dengan dikeluarkannya Keputusan Presiden RI
During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of
his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne. In 1909 he
became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics
at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post. In
1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and
Professor in the University of Berlin. He became a German citizen in 1914 and
remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political
reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical
Physics at Princeton*. He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from
his post in 1945.
Beberapa kesultanan yang juga pernah berdiri di Kepulauan Maluku, yaitu Jailolo,
Bacan, Tanah Hitu, Iha, dan Huamual.
Beberapa kesultanan yang juga pernah berdiri di Kepulauan Maluku, yaitu Jailolo,
Bacan, Tanah Hitu, Iha, dan Huamual.
Selain memiliki penduduk yang padat dan wilayah yang luas, Indonesia memiliki alam
yang mendukung tingkat keanekaragaman hayati terbesar ke-2 di dunia.
Although her small kingdom was threatened by grave internal divisions, Elizabeth’s
blend of shrewdness, courage, and majestic self-display inspired ardent expressions
of loyalty and helped unify the nation against foreign enemies. The adulation
bestowed upon her both in her lifetime and in the ensuing centuries was not
altogether a spontaneous effusion. It was the result of a carefully crafted,
brilliantly executed campaign in which the queen fashioned herself as the
glittering symbol of the nation’s destiny. This political symbolism, common to
monarchies, had more substance than usual, for the queen was by no means a mere
figurehead. While she did not wield the absolute power of which Renaissance rulers
dreamed, she tenaciously upheld her authority to make critical decisions and to set
the central policies of both state and church. The latter half of the 16th century
in England is justly called the Elizabethan Age: rarely has the collective life of
a whole era been given so distinctively personal a stamp.
In 2014 the PDI-P selected Jokowi to be its candidate for the Indonesian
presidential election, which was held on July 9. He was swept to victory with more
than 53 percent of the popular vote, defeating former general Prabowo Subianto.
Though Subianto alleged that there had been widespread vote rigging and formally
challenged the election result, the country’s Constitutional Court unanimously
rejected his claim in August, clearing the way for Jokowi to take office on October
Barack Obama, in part because there was a physical resemblance but also because
Jokowi largely fit the Obama mold as a charismatic nontraditional politician.
Jokowi ousted the incumbent, Fauzi Bowo, in the second round of that election, and,
as governor of Jakarta, he launched programs aimed at improving Jakartans’ access
to health care and education.
Nama alternatif untuk Inggris adalah Albion. Kata ini awalnya digunakan untuk
merujuk ke seluruh Pulau Britania Raya. Catatan paling awal dari nama ini muncul
dalam karya Aristoteles, Corpus Aristotelicum pada abad ke-4 SM.[22] Disebutkan
bahwa: "Di luar pilar-pilar Herkules terdapat lautan yang mengalir di sepanjang
bumi dan di dalamnya ada dua pulau sangat besar yang disebut Britannia; yang
terdiri dari Albion dan Ierne".[22] Kata Albion (Ἀλβίων) atau Pulau Albionum
kemungkinan memiliki dua asal-usul; dari kata Latin albus, yang berarti putih,
untuk merujuk ke tebing putih Dover,