2 Marks

April 2012
1. Antigenicity.
2. Opsonization
3. Kupffer cells.
4. Lymphokines.
5. Immunoglobulin which cross the placenta.
6. HAT medium.
7. Anaphylaxis.
8. Degranulation.
9. Toxoid.
10. MMR.
11. Natural killer cells.
12. Monocyte.
April 2012
1. List the factors that determine innate immunity.
2. Define vaccination.
3. What are antigen presenting cells?
4. Brief on cell mediated immune response.
5. What are granzymes?
6. Define immunogenicity.
7. Brief on somatic-variation theories.
8. What is an autoimmune disease?
9. What are abzymes?
10. What is ELISA?
11. Define an allograft.
12. What are tumor antigens?

April 2012
1. Acquired Immunity
3. Adjuvants
4. Macrophages
5. IgE
6. Nature of antigens
7. Heavy chain
8. T cell receptors
9. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies
10. Rossette formation
11. Allergy
12. MHC

April 2012
1. What is a CTL?
2. Payers patches.
3. Double negative cells.
4. Flocculation reaction.
5. Diapedesis.
6. Attenuation.
7. Mitogen.
8. Caspase.
9. Cytokine.
10. Balb/c.

April 2012
1. What are the primary lymphoid organs?
2. Define paratope.
3. Write a short note on stem cells.
5. What is humoral immune response?
6. Write about the role of fragments ‘a’ and ‘b’ in complex
system.
7. Define HLA.
9. Write a short note on sandwitch ELISA.
10. What is Agglutination?
11. Define Autoantibody.
12. Write about molecular mimicry.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
July 2012
1. What is innate immunity?
2. Live attenuated vaccines.
3. Differentiate between humoral and cell-mediated
immunity.
4. Write short notes on immunoglobulin super family.
5. What are epitopes?
6. Define a hapten.
7. Avidity.
8. Define cross reactivity.
9. What is a polyclonal antibody?
10. Brief on MHC restrictions.
11. List the mediation of type I hypersensitivity reaction.
12. What is systemic autoimmune disease?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nov 2012
1. List the characteristic attributes of acquired immunity.
2. Give the advantages and disadvantages of attenuated
vaccine.
3. What is an immune response?
5. What is an inflammatory response?
6. What is tolerogenicity?
7. State clonal selection theory.
8. What is a monoclonal antibody?
9. Brief on radial immunodiffusion.
10. Define a xenograft.
11. Define hypersensitivity.

Nov 2012
1. White pulp.
2. Transcytosis.
3. Immune tolerance.
4. Titer.
5. Syngeneic animal.
6. Sox-4.
7. Superantigen.
8. Sarcoma.
9. Rhogam.
11. What are toll like receptors?
12. What is the structure and function of IgG?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
April 2013
1. Crypt antigen.
2. Vasoactive amines.
3. Bursa of Fabricius.
4. Circulating dendritic cell.
5. Mesangial cells.
6. Hinge region.
9. Affinity.
10. Edema.
11. Interleukin.
12. BCG.
April 2013
1. Define Immunity.
2. Differentiate between active and passive immunity.
4. What is a pyrogen?
5. Brief on ADCC.
6. What is an antigenic determinant?
8. What is class switching?
10. Brief on prozone effect.
12. What is clonal anergy?

April 2013
1. Edward Jenner
2. GALT
3. Mast cell
5. Xenogeneic
9. Graft
10. Histamine.
11. What is hybridoma technology?
12. What is the structure and function of IgA?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nov 2013
1. Complement.
3. Helper T cells.
4. Antibody.
5. Super antigen.
7. MHC II.
8. Antigen presentation.
9. IL-1.
10. Chemokines.
11. Viral subunit vaccine.
12. Atopy.

Nov 2013
3. What are immunoglobulins?
7. What is clonal selection?
10. What are interferons?
11. Isograft.

Nov 2013
2. IgD.
3. CD34.
4. IFNγ .
5. Allogeneic.
8. β2 microglobulin.
9. Integrins.
10. Naïve T Cell.
11. Perforin.

Nov 2013
2. Hematopoiesis.
5. Tissue typing.
8. Cytotoxicity.
9. Widal's Test.
10. Western blot.

Nov 2013
1. What is Dendritic cell?
2. What is lymph?
5. Name a few Th 2 cytokines.
6. What are cytokine antagonists?
9. What is angiogenesis?
10. Freund’s complete adjuvant.
12. What is Function of IgD?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
April 2014
7. Hypervarible region.
8. Idiotypic determinants.
10. Monokines.
11. Toxoid vaccine.

April 2014
1. Differentiate between acquired active and acquired
passive immunity.
2. What are attenuated vaccines?
6. Mention the functions of adjuvants.
7. Give the functions of plasma cells.
8. What are precipitins?
12. What is positive selection?

April 2014
1. Passive Immunity
2. NKcytosis
5. NK cells
6. Vaccine
10. RIA.

April 2014
1. Surface plasmon resonance.
8. Allelic exclusion.
10. Antibody switch.
12. IgM antibody.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
July 2014
8. What are incomplete antibodies?
9. What is meant by complement fixation test?
10. Define immunological tolerance.
11. List the factors responsible for hypersensitivity.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nov 2014
6. Isotypic determinants.
9. Delayed type hypersensitivity.
11. Immunization.
12. Tumor necrosis factor.

Nov 2014
1. What is an acute phase response?
3. What are framework regions?
10. Comment on mixed-lymphocyte reaction.
11. Give a note on myasthenia gravis.

Nov 2014
2. What are the subclasses of IgG?
4. What are the cells derived from myeloid progenitor cells?
6. Jules Bordet.
7. What is Interferon gamma?
9. What is Good Pasteur's syndrome?
10. What is myelin basic protein?
11. What are tumor-specific transplantation antigens?
12. What are neo antigens?

Nov 2014
2. Name two lymphoid organs.
5. Name two examples for lymphoid tissues.
7. Name two immuno suppressors.
8. Expand MMR and MHC.
10. Give two examples for recombinant vaccines.

Nov 2014
1. What is the CD nomenclature for T-helper cells?
2. What are ‘‘sequestrated self antigens’’?
4. Main functions of macrophages.
5. Structure of MHC class-I molecule.
8. Define auto immunity.
9. HLA-DM.
10. Plasma cells.
11. What are anti idiotypic antibodies?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
April 2015
2. Haemagglutinin.
3. Isoantibodies.
10. Hyposensitization.
12. Somatic hypermutation.

April 2015
1. What are molecules?
2. Define precipitation reaction.
3. What are M cells?
4. Explain Fab’ region.
5. What is graft rejection?
6. What is an idiotope?
7. What is a substrate used in ELISA?
9. What is a poison Ivy?
12. Contributions of Portier and Ricket.

April 2015
1. List the defensive barriers of innate immunity.
2. Define active immunization.
4. List the cells that are involved in humoral and cell
mediated immune response.
8. What are agglutinins?
9. Name any four pharmacologic agents that mediate type I
hypersensitivity.
10. What are histocompatibility antigens?
11. Comment on multiple sclerosis.

April 2015
1. Lymphoid organs
2. Humoral Immunity
6. Immunotoxins
9. Immunofluorescence

April 2015
3. What are self antigens?
5. What is the role of IgE?
7. What is a seqestered antigen?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Nov 2015
1. Name the determinants of innate immunity.
3. Write the functions of B cell.
4. Name the immunoglobulin that is involved in Allergic
manifestations.
6. What is the importance of hyper variable regions of
immunoglobulins.
7. Define antibody diversity.
8. Define immuno diffusion reactions.
9. List any two applications of monoclonal antibody.
10. What is immuno suppression?
11. Name any two organ specific auto immune diseases.

Nov 2015
1. What are adhesion molecules?
3. CTLA-4.
5. Define antigen.
6. Interleukin-10.
7. What is tumor-associated transplantation antigen?
8. Graves' Disease.
9. Tuberculin test.
10. What is immunodeficiency?
11. Allergic rhinitis.
12. Xenogenic transplantation.

Nov 2015
1. What is chemotaxis?
2. What is an adjuvant?
3. What is the role of Class II invariant peptide?
8. What is an oncogene?
9. What is PPD?

Nov 2015
5. Microglial cells.
6. Allotypic determinants.
9. Inflammation.
10. Recombinant antigen vaccine.
11. Multivalent vaccine.

Nov 2015
1. Adoptive Immunity.
2. Secondary Lymphoid Organs.
5. MABs.
10. FACS.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
April 2016
6. Immunoglobulin which triggers allergy.
7. Techniques used for quantification of Ag/Ab.
11. TNF.

April 2016
2. What are called killed vaccines? Give example.
4. Write a note on IgG.
5. What are called immunogens?
7. Comment on isotope switching.
8. Write a note on precipitation.
9. What is meant by zone of equivalence in antigenantibody
reactions?
10. What is transplantation?
12. Write about autoimmunity.

April 2016
2. Lymphocytes
7. C- proteins
9. VDRL
10. Nephelometry

April 2016
1. Louis Pasteur
2. What is immune surveillance?
3. What is immune homeostasis?
4. What is an immune previleged tissue?
7. What are flourochromes?
8. Define autoimmunity.
11. Fc Region.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 Marks
April 2012
13. Give an account on dendritic cells.
14. Brief on the generation of humoral immune response.
15. Write short notes on ADCC.
16. Write short notes on adjuvants.
17. Discuss the applications of monolclonal antibodies.
18. What is myasthenia gravis? Explain.
19. Explain agglutination reaction.

April 2012
13. Explain the types of immunity.
14. Write in detail about the structure of IgG.
15. Distinguish primary and secondary immune response.
16. Describe the T cell types and functions.
17. Explain complement system.
18. Discuss hypersensitivity reactions.
19. Write the structure and functions of class I MHC antigens.

April 2012
11. What is negative selection?
12. What Coombs test?
13. What is the structure of antibody molecule?
14. Write briefly on nitric oxide synthase.
15. What is erythroblastosis fetalis?
16. What are tumor infiltrating lymphocytes? a
18. What is the role of HLA-DM?
19. MTT assay.

April 2012
13. Describe the essential features of antibody structure.
14. Discuss on
(a) Adjuvant
(b) Hapten.
15. Compare and contrast between Eosinophils and
Basophils.
16. Write about the vasoactive substances involved in Type I
hyper sensitive reactions.
17. Discuss the role of MHC in Transplantation.
18. Write a note on rocket immuno electrophoresis.
19. Explain Autorecognition.

July 2012
13. Write short notes on DNA vaccines.
14. Discuss the generation of cell-mediated immune
response.
17. Explain the technique of immuno electrophoresis.
18. Discuss the general mechanism involved in Type II
hypersensitivity.
19. What is an allograft? Explain its rejection process.

July 2012
13. Write about epitope.
14. Give a brief account on macrophages.
15. Explain the basic structure of immunoglobulins.
16. How the tuberculin reaction is carried out?
17. Write the biological properties of cytokines.
18. Write the differences between T and B lymphocytes.
19. Describe the cell mediated immunity.

Nov 2012
13. Write short notes on antigen presenting cells.
14. What is a whole cell organism vaccine? Write a note on
inactivated vaccine.
15. Give an account on the generation of primary and
secondary immune response.
16. Explain the process of class switching.
17. What is Western blotting? Explain.
18. Discuss the salient features of immediate type
hypersensitivity.
19. Explain the technique of double immunodiffusion.

Nov 2012
13. What is complement?
15. What are M cells?
16. What is receptor editing?
17. SCID mice.
18. What is hematopoiesis?
19. What are the immune benefits of breast milk?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
April 2013
1. Write a short note on immunodiffusion.
4. Give a brief account on haemolytic disease of the new born.
5. What are interferons? Bring out the action of interferon
against viruses.
6. Define HLA typing. Add a note on its importance.
7. Describe in brief the various types of antigens.

April 2013
13. Write short notes on phagocytosis.
15. Write short notes on haptens.
16. Explain the techniques of immunoelectrophoresis.
18. Brief on the structure of class II MHC molecule.
19. Give an account on the factors responsible for
hypersensitivity.

April 2013
14. Explain the process of phagocytosis.
15. Write the steps involved in hybridoma technology.
16. Explain the main biological role of IgM.
17. Write the general function of Immunoglobulins.
18. Discuss the tissue typing (HLA typing) technique.
19. What is immunofluorescence? Describe the method of
immunofluorescence.

April 2013
13. What are regulators for complement?
14. Write on the types of nitric oxide synthase.
15. What are Payers’ patches?
16. What are toll-like receptors?
17. Nude mice.
19. Graft vs host disease.
Nov 2013
15. Give an account on the cells involved in antibody
formation.
16. Give an account on the applications of monoclonal
antibodies.
17. Explain the technique and applications of
immunoelectrophoresis.
18. Discuss the immune mechanism involved in
eryhtroblastosis fetalis.

Nov 2013
13. What are antigenic determinants?
14. Write a note on natural killer cells.
15. Describe in brief the functions of macrophages.
16. What are immunoglobulins? Add a note on its types.
17. Discuss HLA typing.
18. Write a short note on complement fixation test.
19. What is erythrocyte rosetting?

Nov 2013
13. What is negative selection with T cells?
14. eNOS.
17. Regulatory T cell.
18. Rheumatoid factor.
19. Surface Plasmon resonance.

Nov 2013
11. (a) Give a brief account on the history of Immune system.
(b) Explain the physiology of immune response.
12. (a) What are haptens? Give its importance.
(b) Differentiate immunogens from immunoglobulins.
13. (a) Give the vaccination schedule for the new born.
14. (a) Enumerate the biological functions of C- proteins.
(b) Describe the compliment fixation analysis.
15. (a) Give the principle of immunofluorecence technique.
(b) How will you purify antibodies?
Nov 2013
15. What is CLIP?
16. What is the use of small laboratory animals and list a few
routes of injections?
17. What is the basic structure of an antibody?
18. Rocket electrophoresis.
19. What is positive selection in lymphocyte maturation?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
April 2014
13. Write short notes on killed vaccines.
15. Explain clonal selection theory.
16. List the requirements of antigenicity.
17. Write a brief account on the different stages of antigen-
antibody reactions.
18. Brief on precipitin reactions.
19. Give the general features of delayed type
hypersensitivity.

April 2014
14. Write the properties of B-lymphocytes.
15. Explain the antigenic determinants on Immunoglobulin.
16. Discuss the technique of immuno electrophoresis.
17. Write the biological functions of IgM.
18. Explain the HLA typing technique.
19. What are cytokines? Mention the classes of cytokines.

April 2014
1. (a) Describe the mechanism involved in self and non-self
discrimination.
(b) Describe the structure and functions of Lymph node and
2. (a) Describe the structure and functions of IgA and sIgA.
(b) Define Immunogenecity? Describe the factors which
determine Immunogenicity of an antigen.
3. (a) Describe the structure and functions of MHC class II
Molecule.
(b) Give an account on different types of vaccines with
specific examples.
4. (a) Explain the mechanism of alternate pathway of
complement activation.
(b) Elucidate the mechanism of delayed type
hypersensitivity.
5. (a) Explain direct and indirect agglutination with specific
examples.
(b) Write about the methodology and applications of
Western blot.

April 2014
13. Write a brief note on complement deficiency disorders.
14. Explain Th1 cells.
15. Write a brief note on immune cells.
16. Explain toll like receptors.
17. Describe briefly Flowcytometry.
18. What are killed vaccines?

July 2014
13. Brief on the characteristic attributes of acquired
immunity.
14. Explain the action of papain and pepsin on IgG.
17. Give the general features of antigen-antibody reaction.
18. Explain zone phenomenon.

Nov 2014
13. Write short notes on polysaccharide vaccines.
15. Give an account on immunoglobulin superfamily.
16. What properties of an immunogen contribute to its
immunogenicity?
18. Discuss about pernicious anemia.
19. What is MHC? Explain the structure of class I MHC
molecule.

Nov 2014
13. Give an account on antigenic specificity.
14. Explain any one method for the isolation of macrophages.
16. Discuss the ouchterlony double immunodiffusion
technique.
17. How will you perform counter current
immunoelectrophoresis?
18. Explain the HLA typing technique.

Nov 2014
13. Write the structure and function of Thymus gland ?
14. What is active immuntiy?
15. Explain the structure and function of IgG.
16. Define fluorescence. Discuss briefly about the types of
immunofluorescence.
17. Write about classical pathway of complement.
18. Explain the structure of MHC Class I and Class II
molecules. What are there gene located?
19. What are adhesion molecules. Explain with examples.

Nov 2014
11. (a) Explain the process of T cell development.
(b) What do you mean by acquired immunity? Explain.
12. (a) Explain Immunological tolerance with example.
(b) Can we use anti idio typic antibody as vaccines? Explain.
13. (a) What are APC? What is its role in defense mechanism
of host?
14. (a) How will you perform ELISA? Explain.
(b) Write notes on FCA Scan.
15. (a) Differentiate between active and passive immunity.
(b) Comment on Tissue typing.

Nov 2014
13. What is prozone phenomenon and how to fix this
problem?
15. Describe briefly the immune evasive properties of
tumors.
16. What is graft versus host disease?
17. List a few lab animals and list various routes of injections.
18. What is positive section in thymus?
19. Write briefly on Th-1 and Th-2 cells.
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April 2015
14. Give an account on NK cell activity.
17. Detail on the technique of immunodiffusion.
18. Elaborate on type II hypersensitivity reaction.

April 2015
13. What is the difference between active immunity and
passive immunity?
15. What is radioimmunoassay?
16. What is complement and which sequence of events is
common to all types of complement activation?
17. How to generate polyclonal antibody?
18. What is the principle of human blood grouping?
19. Write the differences between killed vaccine, live vaccine
and live attenuated vaccine.

April 2015
13. Give an account on humoral immunity.
14. Write an account on Rheumatoid arthritis.
15. What are T helper cells?
16. What is Coomb’s test?
17. Give short notes on graft rejection.
18. Discuss about ABO blood group system.
19. Narrate the events in Type I hypersensitivity.

April 2015
11. (a) Describe the mechanism involved in the
differentiation of lymphocytes.
12. (a) Describe the structure and functions of IgM.
(b) Explain the mechanism of generation of antibody
diversity.
13. (a) Describe the structure and functions of MHC class I
Molecule.
14. Elucidate the mechanism of Type III hypersensitivity.
15. Write about the methodology and applications of RIA.

Nov 2015
13. Write about toxoid vaccines.
14. How humoral immunity differs from cellular immunity?
16. Explain the genetic basis of antibody diversity.
17. Discuss the procedure and applications of CFT.
18. Write about Anaphylaxis.

Nov 2015
16. Discuss the rocket immunoelectrophoresis technique.
17. What are the biological functions of IgG?
18. Describe the mechanism of tuberculin test.

Nov 2015
13. How tumors evade the immune system?
14. What are pathogen associate molecular pattern
receptors?
16. What is blood grouping and what is its significance?
17. How to produce monoclonal antibody?
18. What is peripheral immune tolerance?
19. What are the immune based anticancer treatment
methods?

Nov 2015
11. Describe the structure and functions of different Primary
Lymphoid organs
12. (a) What are Lymphokines? Explain their role.
(b) Define Immunogenecity. Describe the factors which
determine Immunogenicity of an antigen.
13. (a) Describe the structure and functions of MHC class I
Molecule.
(b) What are the types of vaccines? Give one example each.
14. (a) Describe the alternate pathway of complement
activation.
15. (a) Describe the principle, methodology and applications
of Double immuno-diffusion.
(b) Write about the methodology and applications of Widal
Test.

Nov 2015
13. What are proinflammatory cytokines? Give examples.
14. What are haptens and how to make them immunogenic?
15. Write a note on IgA.
16. Write the structure and function of lymph node.
17. What is the principle of counter current electrophoresis?
18. What are the events that can active complement cascade?
19. What is an allergen?
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April 2016
1. Explain the theories of antibody production.
2. Discuss the types of vaccines.
3. Discuss briefly about attenuated vaccines.
5. Write the general properties of antigen.
7. Explain complement fixation reactions.
8. Highlight on immunological tolerance.
9. What are called histocompatibility genes? Explain.

April 2016
13. Outline the procedure for the extraction flagellar
antigens.
14. Write the protocol for the isolation of monocytes by
adherence.
17. Describe the steps involved in the purification of IL-1.
18. Write short notes on DNA vaccine.
19. Explain the procedure and principle haemagglutination
test.

April 2016
11. (a) Give a brief account on the types immunity.
(b) Explain the different types of lymphocytes.
12. (a) Give the nature and biology of antigens.
13. (a) Enumerate the role of MHC antigens in immune
response.
(b) Explain the mechanism of antigen antibody reactions.
14. (a) What are the different types of hypersensitivity
reactions?
(b) Describe cell mediated cytotoxicity.
15. (a) Give the principle of Radio immuno Assay.
(b) Explain the technique of western blotting.

April 2016
13. What is the role of bone marrow?
14. What are Molecular pattern recognizing molecules?
15. What are adhesion molecules and give a couple of
examples?
16. What are gamma delta T cells?
17. What is graft versus host disease?
19. What is the purpose of adjuvant?.
10 Marks
April 2012
20. Give the differences between active immunity and passive
immunity.
21. Write an essay on the structure and functions of IgM and
IgG.
22. Discuss the generation of antibody diversity.
23. Write an essay on complement fixation.
24. Explain the structure of Class I and Class II MHC
molecules.

April 2012
20. Discuss in detail about Haptens.
21. Write the detailed process of Phagocytosis.
22. Give an account on Precipitin reaction and mention its
application.
23. Write the different techniques employed in HLA typing.
24. What is vaccine? Describe the different types of vaccines.

April 2012
21. Explain cell mediated immunity.
22. Discuss the genetic basis of antibody diversity.
23. Describe the production and applications of monoclonal
antibody.
24. Write a general account on the autoimmune diseases.
25. Write briefly on
(a) Immunosuppression
(b) Types of transplantation.

April 2012
20. What are the factors that will affect antigeniticity?
21. Classify hypersensitivity and write on type I reactions.
23. Write in detail on immunofluorescence and add a note on
flowcytometry.
24. What are the antibody types and their functions?
25. What are the different types of vaccines and write briefly
of’ DNA vaccine.
April 2012
21. What are mononuclear phagocytes? How are they
activated towards immune response?
22. Describe the mechanism of graft rejection.
23. Explain the techniques of RIA and Immuno diffusion.
24. Discuss on hybridoma technology, and add a note on it’s
applications.
25. Discuss on autoimmune disease of direct cellular damage.

July 2012
20. Enumerate the major events of an inflammatory
response.
21. Discuss the functions of immunoglobulins isotypes.
22. Brief on the factors that influence immunogenicity.
23. What is Elisa? Explain the different versions of ELISA.
24. Discuss the role of MHC I and MHC II molecules in the
antigen processing and presentation.

Nov 2012
20. Discuss the use of purified macromolecules as vaccine.
22. Write short notes on:
(a) adjuvants
(b) haptens
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
April 2013
20. Detail on the cells of the acquired immune system.
21. Detail on the functions of humoral immune response.
22. Discuss the major classes of antigens.
24. Explain the following:
(a) Type I hypersensitivity.
(b) Type II hypersensitivity.

April 2013
21. Write the biological property and functions of
macrophages?
22. Discuss the biosynthesis of antibodies.
23. Describe the general property and functions of MHC
molecules.

April 2013
20. What is hematopoiesis and how it is controlled?
21. What is tolerance and write briefly on diabetes mellitus?

Nov 2013
20. Discuss about the determinants of innate immunity.
22. Give a brief account on the generation of antibody
diversity.
23. Discuss precipitation reaction in gel.
24. Explain the manifestations of type I hypersensitivity.

Nov 2013
20. How are antigens detected by RIA and ELISA?
21. Describe in detail the process of lymphocyte activation.
23. Explain in detail the delayed hypersensitivity reactions.
24. What are DNA vaccines? How are they produced?

Nov 2014
20. How will you isolate flagellar antigens?
21. Explain the process of macrophage culture.
22. Explain the production of monoclonal antibodies by
hybridoma technique.
23. What is delayed hypersensitivity? Explain any two
methods for the assessment of DTH.

Nov 2013
22. Write in detail on radioimmunoassay.
23. Describe on organs of immune system.
24. What is tissue rejection and how to avoid it?

Nov 2013
16. (a) Discuss the scope and importance of immunology.
(b) Describe the structure and function of IgG.
Nov 2013
22. What are the antigenic determinants found on
antibodies?
24. Write a note on classical pathway of complement
activation and discuss briefly on complement deficiency.
25. What are the immune barriers of innate immunity?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
April 2014
20. Give a detailed account on the mechanism of
phagocytosis.
22. Discuss the major classes of antigens.
23. Explain the origin, differentiation and functions of T and
B-cells.

April 2014
20. Outline the procedure for the isolation of 'O' antigen from
the lipopolysaccharide of bacterial cell wall.
21. Describe the steps involved in the isolation of dendritic
cells.

April 2014
21. What is immune tolerance? Write a brief note on SLE.
22. What are the types of antigen processing?
23. Write the principle and protocol of ELISPOT, test.
25. Write the various types of antibodies. Add a note on their
biological activities.

July 2014
20. Write short notes on polysaccharide vaccine and toxoid
vaccine.
21. Explain the structure and functions of IgG and IgA.
22. Discuss the molecular nature of BCR and TCR. Add a note
on the differentiation process of B cells.
24. Elaborate on the allograft rejection process.

Nov 2014
20. Discuss about endogenous pathway of antigen
presentation.
22. Write a short note on tumor immunity
23. What is autoimmunity? Write briefly on organ specific
autoimmune diseses.
25. Write in detail about enzyme immuno assays.

Nov 2014
22. Define and classify auto immunity and add a note on
rheumatoid arthritis.
23. Write in detail on cytokines and their receptors.
24. What are stem cells and discuss on hematopotesis.

April 2014
16. (a) Define Hematopoesis? Give an account on the
different type of cells involved in immune response.
(b) With a neat diagram describe the general structure of Ig.

17. (a) Describe the mechanism of activation of complement

through classical pathway and add a note on the biological
functions of C proteins
(b) Describe the Principle, methodology, types and
applications of ELISA.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
April 2015
20. What are antigens? How can the antigens be isolated and
characterized?
21. Explain in detail the B cell surface receptor for antigen.
23. Write an essay on anaphylaxis reaction.

April 2015
20. Define immunity. Give the differences between active
immunity and passive immunity.
21. Give a brief account on antibody-mediated effector
functions.
22. Detail on the types of antigens.
April 2015
20. What are the various lymphoid organs and what are their
roles?
23. Define antigen antibody reactions and what are the
factors that can effect such reactions?

April 2015
16. (a) Explain the mechanism of stimulation of B-cells by T-
dependent and T-independent antigens.
17. (a) Describe the mechanism of Type I and Type IV
hypersensitivity.
(b) Describe the methods used in the purification and
quantification of Immunoglobulins.

April 2015
22. What is the difference between innate immunity and
adaptive immunity and discuss briefly on adaptive
immunity?
25. What are the pathways of complement activation?

Nov 2015
20. Discuss in detail about acquired immunity.
21. Explain the structure and functions of immunoglobulins
with clear diagram.
22. Write about the following :
(a) Differentiation of lymphocyte
(b) Clonal selection theory

Nov 2015
24. Describe the bioassay of interleukin – 1.

Nov 2015
20. Discuss in detail the maturation process of T cells.
25. What is complement? Describe its activation pathways.

Nov 2015
17.Describe the principle, methodology and applications of
Radio immuno assay.

Nov 2015
20. What is diffusion and write about the assays working on
this principle.
21. Define agglutination and what are the assays developed
based on this principle?
22. Describe briefly about autoimmune diseases and add a
note on their treatment.
25. Describe transplantation in detail.
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April 2016
22. Discuss in detail about B-cell activation
20. Describe the procedure for the extraction of cell wall
antigens.
21. Discuss the techniques involved in the isolation of
moncytes.
24. Give an account on Recombinant vector vaccines.

April 2016
20. What are the primary lymphoid organs of immune
system?
25. Write on various types of immunoglobulins.

April 2016
1. Write an essay on cells of immune system.
2. (a) Describe the effector mechanisms in immunity.
(b) Give the principle and importance of Florescence
activated cell sorting technique.

April 2016
24. What is MMR and write in detail about it.