6/18/2021 GES 106 TEST - PHILOSOPHY, LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING

GES 106 TEST - PHILOSOPHY, LOGIC

AND CRITICAL THINKING
Instructions : This paper consists of multiple choice questions. You are required to answer
all questions. For each question, you are advised to read through the options with letters a,
b, c, d, and e. Pick the correct answer out of the five alternatives in options.

Ensure you click the submit button before logging out of test page.

Time Allowed: 40 mins

The systematic use of critical reasoning to try to find answers to fundamental

questions about reality, morality, and knowledge is called

The argumentative method

The philosophical method

Propositional logic

Syllogistic reasoning

Clear selection

The branch of philosophy that studies sound reasoning and good arguments is
called _______

Science

Aesthetics

Law

Logic

Clear selection

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6/18/2021 GES 106 TEST - PHILOSOPHY, LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING

'The basic reality consists of or is closely related to minds, or ideas in the mind.
Thus, to be known is to be in the mind.' This above statements depict
_________________ metaphysical theory

Materialism

Realism

Coherentism

Idealism

________is the knowledge obtained by observation and testing of facts

Science

ideas

Universal

myths

Clear selection

Name the fallacy committed when one appeals to force or the threat of force to
cause the acceptance of a belief or position

Ignoratio Elenchi

Inductive fallacy

Argumentum ad Hominem

Argumentum ad Baculum

Clear selection

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6/18/2021 GES 106 TEST - PHILOSOPHY, LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING

___________ and _____________ are major proponents of utilitarianism

Socrates and Plato

Locke and Hobbes

Jeremy Bentham and J.S. Mill

Aquinas and Augustine

Clear selection

A man pleads with a judge to set free because he has ten children, and if he is
incarcerated, his children will suffer. This statement contains which kind of
fallacy?

Appeal to Force

Appeal to Popular Demand

Appeal to Reason

Appeal to Pity

Appeal to Care

The study of reality, in the broadest sense, as an inquiry into the nature of the
universe and the things in it, is known as

Realism

Epistemology

Metaphysics

Axiology

Clear selection
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6/18/2021 GES 106 TEST - PHILOSOPHY, LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING
Clear selection

The process of deriving the conclusion of an argument from the premise is

known as

Analogy

Derivation

Inference

Synthetic method

_________ is the theory which holds that human beings can acquire knowledge of
reality by the use of our minds alone or pure reason

Ideationism

Empiricism

Universalism

Rationalism

Have you stopped being a Marlian? This is an example of which fallacy

Argumentum ad Populum

Petitio Principii

Complex Question

Hasty Generalisation

False Cause

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6/18/2021 GES 106 TEST - PHILOSOPHY, LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING

What type of argument is this? All humans are mortal. Albert Einstein is human.
Therefore, Albert Einstein is mortal.

Deductively sound

Deductively unsound

Inductively valid

Deductively strong

Deductively observable

The main concern of ‘S’ is to study and understand the connections between
claim and evidence. In doing this, ‘S’ aims to discover the basic techniques and
principles for identifying right and wrong propositions, truth and false
propositions, valid and invalid propositions, sound and unsound propositions
etcetera. The ‘S’ in the statement above can stand in for…

Logic

Ethics

Metaphysics

Deductive arguments

___________ concept refer to those objects where the existence of one object
presupposes the existence of another

Relational

Transitional

Relative

Transitive
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6/18/2021 GES 106 TEST - PHILOSOPHY, LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING
Transitive

Which of the following words often indicates a conclusion?

But

And

Moreover

Hence

None of the answers are correct.

What type of argument is this? It rained every April from 2010-2019. Therefore, it
will rain in April 2020

Deductive

Extensive

Scientific

Geographical

Inductive

Metaphysics as a branch of philosophy can be further subdivided into – and –

Aesthetics and axiology

Ontology and cosmology

Idealism and empiricism

Existentialism and idealism

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6/18/2021 GES 106 TEST - PHILOSOPHY, LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING

Science must be guided by ethical considerations because

This helps science fulfill its social functions

It helps science respect the dignity of the human person

All of the above

Scientists need to conduct research under morally acceptable limits

Which type of logic deals with the assessment and analysis of our daily use of
ordinary language

Random logic

Formal logic

Linguistic logic

Informal logic

Philosophical logic

Resistance is an example of a ____________ concept

negative

identical

positive

non-relative

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6/18/2021 GES 106 TEST - PHILOSOPHY, LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING

Which of this is a necessity for an argument?

It must be factual

It must be true

It must contain premises and conclusion

It must not be too scientific

One of these is among the basic laws/principles of thought

Law of Induction

Law of Deduction

Law of Possibility

Law of Identity

_______________ is the position that nothing exists

Existentialism

Nominalism

Nihilism

Phenomenalism

Name, matric number, department and GES group number

Your answer

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6/18/2021 GES 106 TEST - PHILOSOPHY, LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING

The question “what is the difference between teaching and indoctrination?”

arises in the philosophy of

Mathematics

Law

Technology

Education

Business

The position that we cannot rule out the possibility of errors in knowledge claim
is called __________

Inductive skepticism

Deductive skepticism

Philosophical skepticism

Psychological skepticism

Which is the investigation of the nature, criteria, and justification of human

knowledge.

Cosmology

cosmogony

ontology

epistemology

rationalism

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6/18/2021 GES 106 TEST - PHILOSOPHY, LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING

For anything to be real, it must be reducible and explainable in terms of matter.

This position is held by

Matterism

Realism

Materialism

Epiphenomenalism

An argument in which the conclusion contains more information than provided in

the premises is regarded as______________

Deductive

Malicious

Inductive

Extensive

Conditional

The study of value is called

Valuation

Ethiology

Axiology

Ethics

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6/18/2021 GES 106 TEST - PHILOSOPHY, LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING

Which of the following is not a function of philosophy?

Speculative function

none of the above

Prescriptive function

Analytic function

Traditionally, this branch of philosophy enquires, reflects, and investigates about

human conducts

Metaphysics

Axiology

Ethethics

aesthetics

Ethics

Which of the following is not a cardinal branch of philosophy?

Metaphysics

Ethics

Epistemology

Political philosophy

Logic

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6/18/2021 GES 106 TEST - PHILOSOPHY, LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING

The study of beauty is called…….

beauticism

Cosmology

Aesthetics

Axiology

The epistemological concern for providing an account and justification for

knowledge was spurred by the challenge raised by

Empiricism

Rationalism

Epistemology

Skepticism

A witch cried in the night, a child dies in the morning. Who does not know that it
was the witch that cried in the night that is responsible for the death of the child

Hasty Generalisation

Begging the Question

Accident

False Cause

Equivocation.

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6/18/2021 GES 106 TEST - PHILOSOPHY, LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING

The instance of putting forth a claim and giving reasons or justifications to

support the claim is called____________

premises

fallacy

conclusion

argument

The four main divisions of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and
_______.

Bioethics

logic

aesthetics

categorical logic

Traditionally, ___________ is defined as justified true belief

skeptism

epistemology

ethics

knowledge

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6/18/2021 GES 106 TEST - PHILOSOPHY, LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING

Which of the following is a premise indicator

Hence

Therefore

Conclusively

Inferring from this

For the reason that

According to John Locke, human mind at birth is "tabula rasa," he wants to

emphasize that all knowledge, even knowledge of mathematical truths, is based
on solely on:

language

innate ideas

experience

theory

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