SS INSTRUCTION Wed OPY Effective “ i weeablon Tt [I /JN60 0 2. Reva MASTER CO um Silp/ No. 1 (lan.1997) to “Guidolh@u dl, . eV of Bhunt compengation for Improving power factor a Traction substatlon(Sapt.1996)" “Tha existing matter in paras 3.4 & 3.5 may be replaced by the following: " 3.4 Thyristor evitched capacitora (TSC)t If the load at the traction oubstation fluctuates considerably aad there are prolonged periods of light load, the fixed hunt capacitor bank vould be Ineffective in providing desired improvement In power factor, though the improvement Ln M.D. would atili take place, Thyriator mvitched capacitor banke ( Flg.10) can in much caweo be umed vith advantage. In thin scheme 2 oc 3 capacitor banka each controlled by thyrimtorma conmmactad 1 anti pacallel ie adopted no that, capacitor banks ace In circult during both positive and negative halt cyclas. ALL nuitching on should take place when the voltege acrons the thyristors Loi nero to obtain almost tranalent fre avitching. Aa the capacitor) vhile ewiltching off la left with a trapped charan, the voltages . acroaa thycistora will alternate betunen zero and tulca ‘tha paak | phawe voltage. Bosideo tho capacitors will start dincharging! when aultched off. A teanalent free auitching will thernfore, require two conditions to be met - 1) The thyrletore must be gatod at a positive or negative crest of supply voltage and : 11) The capacitors must be precharged or topped up for the loss of charge vith the sama polarity. 2 (The pre- charged voltage 9 Unero n = (EE, Vp = oak phana voltane : Ke = Capacitor reactance, and XL = Reactance of damping reactor uned for kepina di/dt within capability of thycletora. J] ‘ Appropriate circuitary to precharae the discharged capacitor has also to be provided to avoid large avitching transients and premature failure of capacitora. Disconnection 1 affected by vithdraving the Cletng natural curcont zero. The currant tn ainumoldal a harmonics. pulana at {contaon no The dogroo of flexibiiity with given numbor branches ( i.e. maximum number of stons ) ta maxis capacitor bank beanchen have equal valus howaver on, grounda of economy equal valuan of capacitance In only adapta. Tha raaponne time of ouch an arrangement Ia quite good ¢ coumhly. about 2 cyclen) but the compesation in in discreet eteps an laras number of banka L€ provided in parallel would complicate tha echemea and add to a vary high coat of tha inatallation of parallel m if no tuecn Instriicticn, No. THM 6@as7) 3.5 Thyclator controlled reactor with Cixed capacitor banker In thie scheme ( Fla.2.0 ) two oppositely poled thyrtetore conduct on Bitarnate halé cyalan of the munpiy toequelnys ie Ghyristora. are gated into conduction precisely ak the peake of thyristeply voltage, (wil conduction rasuite Ln the | reagtos and the current Lo the aamo aa though the thyclotor trollec vere wee it circuited, The current ie aonentially reactive, Tae tug the cneteae by faacly 90 degree: Tf gating In jitelayed by eaual vo eee oy both thyclotora a sorien of current wave found la aeeetned. By varying tha conduction nnala, the amount of Ineaine coe ettve powar can ba controlled. Equal conduct bom ana) oe ot the cee epposttely poled thyriatora, Introducer odd | harmon ten with dleo get introduced. Therefore, such a acheme has to onsentially qeeceborate hacmonic filtecn to keep the - rotal hacmonte seer eton within Jimite, During Ttaht fonda the capacitive powle Gequirement would be very lena, therefore, the reactor would be eae eee ith almost full conduction renuiting Inte conatuer able Mnecay) loasen. The arcangamant vould hovaver alve | & niepleas see ay eet tna ranctiva power vith @ vary blely ranpongs time Of Coe ee ot 1.5 eyelan. Combination of TSC and SER ean etre be used to sult the appallcation.Effective ees Inctru No, THM. 25py- Rev. PY, > TT hISM/ oo2zs- tev-ouasteh Py’ _ w et Power factor at 25 kV, 50-Hz Tract ton substation I FromJQm, ze get edeet tg we" ee The tract) nm Yead unlike the industrial loads is of frequently andizracidly varying nature. the variations ranaina from no load to’ short time overloads. The traction system is also, subjected to frequent short circuit erimarily due to earth Wefaulte.- The. harmonics’ generated by the electric locomotives particularly. the thyristor Tocomotives are quite high fh odd v harmonics ;dominating'and producing a severe distortion of voltage iowave. The instantaneous power “factor of traction loads (electric (Ljlocomotives). is usually lagging -- being poorer at light loads. «The average power’ factor being generally in the range of 0.7 and 0.8 laaning. 4) Y ates i eins i The lading power factor of the traction loads is not welconed by the State Electricity Boards and in the recent past | the trend has,been to raise the penalty level for poor power Stactor from’ 68 to O'S On:account of the stiff penalty being imposed by the supply authorities for power’ facter below th level. it-has become essential for the Railways to take measures for imeroving the power factor of the traction loads. Drawal of Jeadina kVAR to compensate/vartially compensate the lagaing kVAR | of traction.Jeads. by providing shunt compensation is by far the most common. method employed. While the best place for, tinstallation of power factor compensation equipment is at the load itself, some compensation at the traction substation becomes inevitable particularly since most of locometives of Indian Railways are,not provided with any such compensation 2.0 Chafasable power factor and metering arrangement : i isk. The overg}1 charaeable vower factor over the billing period. “tas calculated’'by'the Electricity Boards is different from the “"Gnstentaneous “power factor reflected at the point of metering © which is continuously varying. This chargeable power factor’ not only devends on instantaneous power factor bul: also on the method ef calculating the chargeable cower factor from the metering reaisters installed at the traction substations. 1 A_ fixed shunt compensation which continuously draws a ‘lesding VAR reduces the cumulative kVAh by reducina the: net (laasina) KVAR of the load, Thus as lon as this is true an improvement in chargeable power results. However. during periods’ of erolonsed no Joad/iow load, the leading kVARK drawn by capacitor bank will get recorded in different fashions decending upon the tyoe of metering systems installed. The electronic motors now avai labis have facility of recording the leading kVARH and lagaing | KVARH separately and. therefore depending upon whether the advantage of raving the excess leading KVARh by the consumers(Railways) has to be reflected in calculating the chargeable power factor will depend upon the method used for calculating the chargeable power! factor. Three possible methods for calculating the chargeable power Factor can be employed: . The meth cone method of Coleutatag tha Chaagenla Passer feeb 1,SRRENREIN “Instruction 32 power tagher if ae Ber MRE, 4 fee Bn Aone (ih Utne evahsmetor rotates in samadircation “irescselive “St we drawal of leading or lasing kVARh) 5 or Where separate renisters for leadina & lagging kVARh are provided. | 1 ak : kWh ‘Charneable cower factor - : ViekWin)*4¢g lagging KVARK)* #(zleading KVARh} As excessive leading KVARh increases the denominator, a reduction in chargeable power factor could result with excessive compensation. This method of calculating chargeable power factor therefore discourages drawal of excessive leadina kVARh. kWh II) Chargeable power factor : Vv GKWH © (lanaing k “" or fv; Where kVARh meter stops rotating while drawina leading KVARh Chargeable Dower factor This method’ of calculating chargeable p.f. neither ce. rer gives benefit for drawal of excessive leadina kVARh TII) Chargeable cower factor Skwh (Eleading KVARN)* JUCRWAY # CBlanging KVARR? oa zs OR “Where kVAh meter rotates in opposite direction while drawing leading kVARh, 1 Chargeable power factor =£kWh : 2kVAR LThis method of calculating charaeable power factor gives benefit for drawing 8xééssive leading kVARK 3.0 Methods used for improving power factor: 3.1 Fixed shunt capacitor: The simplest and the most common msthod emolored at orscont i to install fixed shunt compensation eauioment at tractionEffective eee: Instruction No. THMU.0.0 2541 «o--Rev.O- Substation, The compensation improves power factor by reducing the net laaming KVAR drawn by traction load thus avoiding the payment of low power factor penalty.The other incidental benefit acruad are by way of-reduction in maximum demand charges. improve~ in the voltage and reduction in transformer losses. 3.1.1 Problems: associated with fixed shunt compensation: (i) Traction load is continuously varving, the compensation has to be therefore truely dynamic which fixed capacitor can not provide thus resulting into under/over compensation at times. (vi) Excessive. compewsation may sometimes (depending upon the extent of overcompensation) lead to deteriorate, in charseable power factor if chargeable power factor is calculated according to method I. iii) Chanaing the. capacity to meet chanaed reatirement of compensation disturbs the capacitor bank confiauration & is therefor not always possible to implement. In laraer bank using Series reactor this may not be possible at all from consideration of rating of existing equipment and resonance. To overcome some of the above drawbacks it is susaested that: a) Bank ‘rating should’be fixed on the basis of load pattern over the billing oeriod instead of averaae load. b) While it is possible to improve chargeable power factor to desired value of method II & III is followed, it may some times be not possible to improve the charneable power fector te desired value particularly in lightly loaded traction substation if chargeable power factor is calculated by method I. in which ‘case one of the following two alternative may be considered. A) As changing the rating of fixed shunt compensation could be ‘trickys\' smaller capacitor bank (around 500 kVAR) without series reactor could be tried in the interim period t#11 the load fully builds ug at the traction substation 8) If penality limits of p:f. are too stringent o.5. 0.95. & joad pattern at ‘traction substation is likaly to chanae, use of dynamic compensation may be resorted to. 3.2 Switched shunt capacitors: Where load wattera at a traction substation is fairiy stable and has rather fixed periods of no load/low load. the chargeable bof. ean titi be improved even if calculated usinn sethod TF brovided the shunt capacitors are switched off during such no Noed/, low load periods. Stich switching off/on has to be limited Lo nat more 1-2 operation/day if reliability of cavecitors ts nok te be launched. Such switching On/off can be activated eithera Etfective — Tasevction No, THM: go2¢.) Page---J--of + DadecsPages | From.aOm- Rev @. Automatically ‘using a combined time of the day/load current check or done manually through RCC 3,9 Multistage switching.of. shunt, capacitors: Changing” the: KVAR: rabine of,the capacitor bank by switching jinfout,; branches of capacitor bank is not suitable for traction “application as ‘traction load fluctuates widely & is rather Sifficult te oredict: The switching. operation may also be too jarae™for reliability of compensation equipment & the syste Moreover. on account of increased=in rush current while. switching Bop a'earallel branch of capacitor . the circuit breaker shal) be *eubjected. to very heavy duty particulari® if the polarity of the ‘branches are. in opnosition. Considering these aspects it is considered that this current will not be suitable for traction (geetigation. tae 4 Thyristor. switched capacitor: Mag Thyristor. contro} reactor: 4.0 Calculation of ratina of fixed shunt compensation: 4.1 Based on averase load: A rough method for, calculating the requisite rating for a fixed compensation for a heavily: loaded -traction substation involves calculation of an average demand’ which can be “Papproximated asi Monthly average energy consum Average demand in kW = - Number of hours in 3 fet, The rating of the shunt compensation for setting a desired “Bower factor is given byi= Pe Capacitive k¥AR = Average demand (tandy - tand2) where. 91 = initial power factor angle ea 92 = imoroved power factor angle While this method gives the reasonable idea of the commensation needed in case of heavily loaded traction substation. the method likely Eo give quite eroneous result for traction substations which are very lightly loaded where excess jeading KVAR drawn by the shunt compensation would complicate the metering, Therefore in order to take the varrying nature’ cf traction load inte account and whether the charsabie power factor is to be calculated over the billing period. it is pionecessary to take the above aspects into consideration for fixing fs the lead af the shunt compensaticn 4.2 Based on load pattern and method of calculating charseable ‘power factor: ‘as Justrated in para §.0 the calculation of rating of shunt compongat ionon Ethe basis of average loads could even lead te power factor poorer than before. It is herafore ossential thatSZSIEEN Instruction No, THMI.2asy Rev... Eltective From3Qae AT. Poge..8.-of Qerdow Pages he rating is related to tho load patterns and not with averane eau. “Tt must betunderstood that a particular KVAR rating of fixed shunt componsation is best suited only for the desianed load pattern," Triithe: toad:pattorn,changes markedly particularly “rin resard to beriods of no load/ low load and peak loads. the Firating may. beceme.. uncuitable,;for matting the desired Sfcomoensation. Tha’shunt compensation therefore can be employed With advantayes ‘only in cases where the load oatterns are reasonably stable: and: traction substation is well loaded. Where thes» conditions are not met with a fixed shunt compensation may ;4not give the ‘desired results and may even lead to poor charseable power factors te ss The procedure takes’ into account the fluctuating traction Varvina inetantaneous power factor and simulates the ting which may gel recorded in different resisters of .different metor ing system on the basis of which chargeable power factor is calculated for working out the optimum rating of the shunt compensation a number of iterations have to be performed on the lead oattern. This procedure therefore, necessarily requires (ealculations by comouter. A programme module in Cr+ has been {dasianed to help. enable this calculation being performed by persons not familiar with commuter working by following simole screen promets . §.0 Illustrative examples: i To illustrate the above asoects two examples -one relating “0 load gsatteran(I) for typically lightly loaded traction i S8bstation and another for. load pattern (II) for a reasonably loated traction substation has been considered. It is asstimed tx Thal Osseo load walterns are reoresentative of the entire billing Feeriod. 11 this is not. so several representative icad pakteros [prevailing 4a the billing period can also be considered in the mulation. Tre fallowina data has heen entered fur the purpose above i)ustrations. i) Load pattern over the billing period for all the days in a month..........Pattern (2) ; 1) Load.pattern over the billina a period for all the days in a month. 2 11) Desired power factor_G-a The result of the simulation for the two load patterns is tabulated below:Pe eects tective am--97 SS eine eet SEPEMME tostrcction No. THM? 8 TM 6B 252.) neces tho LOAD PATTERN (I) (LIGHTLY LOADED TRACTION SUBSTATION) Existing chargeable power factor = 0.79 TaBLe - I Methodology, for Optimum ratina Likely actual charge- Remarks calculating charae- of fixed shunt able cower factor able oowar factor compensation after installation fa of comoensation. Z 400 KVAR 0,802 laaaing Not possible & improve charge able o.f.bsyon 0.80 by fixed shunt comp~ ensation. IZ '400 kKVAR «0.80 lagging Chargeable p.f will improve beyond G.9G wi increase in rating beyond 400 kVAR Chargeable o.f A beyond 0.30 wi inerease in ratina beyond 1060 KVAR. 000 KVAR 0.50 lan As against these if © paciter averaas load. the charaeable power methodivey will be as undera itt 7 TABLE “ae Methodology fo NOptimum rating Likely actual charge. calculating charas~.of fixed shunt able cower factor ables power factor ‘compensation after installation es of compensation. Remarks ey <1 860 KVAR ". 0.78 lagaina Chargeable p.f. tee bateaaen 7 + will deterioraté 4 see se tl thok 7 . below 0.78 with 4 fee increase in ro) rating beyond 4 400 kVAR. IL 409 kVAR 0.90 lagaing — Charceable o.f. will improve ' : beyond 0.90 with : increase in, et rating beyond 400 kVAR. qIr 400 KVAR 0.84 laaging Charpeable o.f- will improve beyond 0.84 with a) rating beyond 400 KVAR Tabie-II gives an idea of how the chargeable power factor will look Vike if rating of ‘fixed shunt compensation is incraased. When charcesble power factor is being calculated on the basis of method, I. From this it will be seen that the chargeabie power factor deteriorates from the existing charaeable power “factor with increased rating of shunt compensation. . This esciains the’ deterioration of power factor reported by some’ Railways at "gonie of the traction substation where a over rated shunt compensation has been installed Similar ‘information for the loaded traction substation HPattern (IZ)} is,shown in Table-III. From this it would be seen that there is an improvement in gower factor with increased rating of shunt compensation.Effective yar Instruction From.d.Foru%) |] No, TIMUORASE! Rew O LOAD PATTERN :275 (REASONABLY LOADED TRACTION SUBSTATION) Existing chargeahte power factor + 0.62 TABLE ; IIT Mothode logy for Optimum rating Likely aclus) charon- caleviating charge~ of fixed shunt able vower factor able power factor — vompensalion tallation tion. EVAR ° Charneable power fastor will ve beyond na beyond a 4860 KYAR 1890 ragahle power Factor will imorave beyond 0.90 with increase th rating beyond FAEG RVAR Ir ’ 4450 KVAR 0.20 Taasina ap Charcigable power Faw ja raking beyo 7800 KVAP 5.0 Harmonics: Percentage of individual current harmonics eraction system as measured during 1980-1902 is st Baru. 1B ard sth Th ath itth A+ Load cureent ranae B Lead current ranas 300-490 490 AQ..0F DeJe-Pages tammy Instruction No. THM 02577 Pero Tyeic, value of current harmonics for the load o ent range = 400 A has been considersd for desiwuimu the capacirkor bank: 3-U harmonic Sth ‘ 7th iy oun tite + an, In addition te the above 20% sufets maroin has also vesn taken inte account while dasianina. the actual vatina of Capacitor bank. 7.0 Rating of the shunt capacitor bank: Considerina reasonably loaded traction substabion as indicated in load eattern (II) and’ the methodeloay for calculating charseabla cower factor as IT the optimum ratina of fixed capacitor bank js 1489 KYAR. suming 30% extra for the fulure orowth of load. KYAR capacity of the capacitor bunk at 25 kV = 1,1 9 1450 = 1600 EVAR. favacitive rvaclance of 1690 LvAR 2 i KV neo capacitor bank at 25 kV = 1902% ky oF TE KUAR 390.62 ohn 7.4 Series reactor rating: : in order to ‘avoid ressnence at all oud harmonies. the minimum value of series reactor reactance (XL! should to bey of he cavacitiva rea @ (xed 4 Moreuver. to keen the effective cuvavitive reactance seme ag 380.63 chm. the capacitive reactance of capacitor bank should be increased by the same amount of the Lance series reactor re: The valuo of series reactur’ reactanca. XL = 0.19%. and (xe ~ XL) 390.62 olin Xe = 396.69 v 1=0,, = 449 ofm. and XL = 6.13 x 449 ohm 58.37 ohm. 7,2 Actual rating of capacitor bank with series reacter: Taking into account the fluctuations of incus yolstags and the voltave rise st no lowd due to cau: voltase class. of the capacitor hank ehoutd be cateutsemmy Instruction Ro, THMY TORI REV One Enteetive let From: dew laig. # the bus vellee as 28.kY. cfeurrent draun,by-eapueitor’ 2 reweler sie ircuityat, fundamentals frequency. agooo et RoR RSME tke lke DD ” j : = 71.68 Amps. Ygltaae across the capacitor bank at fundamental treauoncr. Tet er ke Sh Sus d 77.60" x) 4490 2°9284 Volts. Takine Lhe averacg load current of 996 A corrusvendine te Lh gaged cattorn.. (TTI 8.38,MVA load). the individual harimoni hebrrant Pgs Be ad Dngia 1. Harmonic! cunrents,..Dist? ibutionActual harmonic current No Sand be ™ractor(pe) ° through capacitor bar: “yt IN - 12.104 | 0.148 eee fri +1 Voltage rise! due’ te harmonic, currents: 4) Ord harmonic voltane across the cavacitor bank: Ved “= a x Ted o 488 BTN * 3 * 3? $552 .8xVo}ts. Sth harmonic voltage across the capacitor bank Ves = = $81.8 volts ii) Tth harmonic voltase across the capaciter bank Vet 3" ¥erx Tet es 449 ‘x! 808°, 260.4-Volts 19Sti uarmonig, voltage serose Ene capacitor bank. Seas MUNG oe ="g5.0'volts : Gd Vth harmon, Teage, across the capacitor bank. vert 4 Mae =| $6:74 Volts. ota) harmonic Voltage: across tho capacit Ves: ¥ 3 ver (552.60 + (58 £90.22 volts Final ‘voltase across the capaciter bank, ver + Vehar. = 92404 24°5590.22 37774.22 Volts. say 40 KV ‘KVAR capacity, of the capac) tor bank al 40 KV “2 ' 2 2 kv. x 1000. = 149) » 1900 we FRET t 430 ‘ 2 = BS64 KYAR ot 1.3 Rating of the series reactor: Vottaae across the.cories reactor Vimax = XL» /Ter + 8-TES" 58.97% J(71.68) + OC3T.1) Paseo agi? & 4964,06)% e1(4.92) 58.37 x 144.12 8297:92 Volts Tema = faiesys iat. t+ (6.48? a .06)2 + O1.92)2 + CPD = 681 108 A i KVAR rating of ‘the series reaztor = VL max x Ie max. x10 = 0237.92 % 81.108 x 10 Bee KAR.eee Instruction No. TIMI 60. Q¥ on Rev Onn Trduntenca af the ‘naria= reactor. : Pr atted . 3 bos aL = $8.37» 10 mM = 105.8 mi ane 1001 8.0 Resonant.Frequenc: Sree ee : Sbgehen ce Assuming 3g! faults level un 182 kV aide of traci inn substaron x00 HA ot eee cee a aacoaee ; a Source reactance on 132 kV side = (1982) /°2000 = 8.71 chm Loop reactanes on 132 kV sido = 2 Reflected reactance on 25 kV. side. d Meer 7 +440) Transformor* Impedance: 132/28 kVINSIS.S “MVA transformer reactance yalue: Xt = 12 27) 190 13-5 + 6.48! ohms. 31) Eauivalent circuits of traction cower supply circuits, wh suPeLy. Suopty — CAvac itor onusivalenk cireuih) (Teaction' power supuly Harmonic cipeuit yource In = Harmonie current ab nth hermus - Source rosctance > Transformer reactance Xo > Capacitive reactance. = Serins reactor resctonce Ien- Capacitor. current vat the nth harmonic Suoply current at Lhe harmon = Distribution factor In = Ton + Tan Ten = (Xe + Xt ees = pe.In (Xo # Xb XL) = esa = Xesn } In (Xe + KL BML) = Xesn = ps.InEffective From Gun G- Pager ot Qu JouPagos Ingiracta S09 : mo No. THiMty. bank wilt have two types of reuctances resending wit) wdeur at ay ected o.o1es 9.182 O.aseee Effective {ommend Instruction From Jon ~4 Ho. TMY-CR 2M] ore Rey Doe tere = clear from the enclosed araph fur harmonic current disthiuucien’ to suepiyeireutt and caoacitor wank ciroule | Vos Do ee at when harmonic current dtstributton factor Fe. ie freauaney jtiitoner harmonic current is decreased | by cupachey BERe EPSP then dt ie more than i.hioher harmonic current 15 amplified with the shunt cupacttor bank. Therefore. the resonant froauoncy of the capacitor bank with Liva’ syst fheald be in the rande between SO Hz and 140 Hi fe seha amoliticat fon of harmonig current at 3rd and other hiner harmonics. Therefore. ib ig recommended Lo use 13 to 18% reactor lp series with Gaoacitor bank to make tho capacitor reactor bank jrdwclive ia the frequency area above the 3rd baron te: Tt js also recommended that whenever a capacitor unit | 1 found defective. iti 43 necessary to cut of Lhe whole bank from the circuit with the halo of circuit breaker {n= vai ying tha defective unit and: ovthing &he cavaciter Us Tenuced capacity asain into service. This ia reowirmd bess s80 {he Lotal caoavitive reactance Xo witl imereace, sud Uh saonant ire hey will become higher and thie wit) cause the anplification of nigh harmonic current. vac itor 0.0 Copacitor bank inrush current The eneryiginy of a cabacitor by olusing # circu , Lpeoduges “an ‘arush current which is a function of tho Wollags, the ceagacitances of the circuit. the vet Jocat ion of the inductances in the circuit. the charsee so capacitor at the time the circuit is closed and the the switching transients. The inrush current cao be knowing the network dmegdances and — valoulat tur Burren’ are usually made on the assumotions ifiat th Bank has ne initial charae and that the ctr ouit tino which. oroduces the maximum inruch currest. Closes 8 48) Ooansetion of a sinale bank: yavEd (CT Me we Ti {2 feo Aan[er ae) Connetetion when one bank 4s already coon a < ere y+ calind 4 i tk + oR)seas Sot aS Bitectve Pov L 2 85S Ae dam 49" ong, trivago! Bo Dao PS | Wom cystem wettaue f Fo GREW Current uc £ ~ jarush currer frequency S > jnrusi-current rece Of-rise + 0 bo source inductances including transformer [Jr inductance tn ser ie WHEN switched can. bank 1 ba- inductance Ser {es with switched can. bank 2 St~ capac tances. of WiECh@d Gaoacitor lank | as &2- capacitance of switched capacitor bank 2 The value of” the evercurrents due to witching coveat io, (should be limited.to a MEE imum Of 100 times the rates currentirms PMO Wed -OF the: capanstny bank, n e z é § : 8 3 & é & é ® £ g § 3 3 < é : 3 3 not iT ye lteok on a came t tor Bank or ive be enerarewt tan nok exceed 10% © the rated Peitene of the capacitor sain sea ee OF 8 cavacitor bank ce 2 awl ivestres breater usually causes © gransient overvoltaon, they forth dors not exceed 273 en 2 the awuls {So 8 Maz imim durat ron oF 4 Srgle. Mownver “the aeitemine YONGE shoOWIE Hol Hermel te eaered TORY vest BVM Ram § 79-9 Restr ike-tree circuit breakers: Cifeuit breskers suitabie For capec itor GeenntSnFree circuit broaneeg shall bo used for oapanile: at ing {ie se leeting the ctrovie brea, hou tas meseghat the -circuit breaker eae take a minimum of 149% o> fhe capacitor bank cusscne vontinusustyoo 30 4o 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 oo 10 20 30 40 50 u9 OU 1220.0 - 1800.0 = 1950.0 ~27 3000-0 ~ ets ida0. o-, 5000.0 =1y 4500.00 =1y 6000.0 ~l3. 8000.9 ~ 2g 7000.0 ~18 9000.0 = eo 12000.0 11000.0 ~ 133 13000.0 - oH 18000.0 2000.0 50.0 -, 50.0 ~) 50.0 =. 50.0 =) 50.0 =! 50.0 -) 1000,0°=.7 1500.0 =)7 2000.0 27 500.0 =.7 500.0 50.0 -.7 SERGE OSENS BE 1A 40 50 5 oo 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50) ou. 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 oo = beasiian 500.0 2 2500. 500.0 - 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 5020 50.0 - 50.0 50.0 1000, 1000, or, 0 0- 800.0 ~, 250.0 = 1000, 50.0 50.0 Sola Su. 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 4000.0 =.8 3000.0 =17 4000-0 =18 2500, ono! tan0. on Ont ont 500.0 =, 1000 202 500.0 = 30.0 50.0 1220, 18 10 T8000 17 0 tion ev. ME 20 18 30 40. 50 oo 10 20 30 Ay 50 60 10 vo 30 40. 50 bo 10 20 30 ay 50 oo to 20 30 40 00 10 20 30 kw. ANNEXUN = T 1950.0 7 3000.0: =175 3500.0 ~.8 2000.0 - 900.0 ~, 50.0 ~.7 50.0 =17 50.0 ~.7 50.0 =17 50.0 =17 50.0 =17 50.0 -17 hoo =f) 50.0 -17 50.0 50L0 50.0 =! 50.0 ~27 50.0 =.7 50.0 ~.7 50.0 -17 BU.0 = 27 50.0 =.7 2 7 7? 7 7 7 7 200.0 2 1000.0 50.0 = 50.0 = 50.0 » 50.0 = 1900.0. 5000.0 4500.0Effective Page.,/20'-of 22 00 10000.0 = 285 04 10 5000.0 -.8 HaseuUN OPH 22.10 10000.0 -.85 04 20 5000.0 -18 patented 22 20 BO00.0 ~.8 04 30 800010 = 18 eon Ore 22 20 GUODLO = 22 40 100010 04 40 10000.0 ~.85 i 95 22 50 1000.0 ~ 7 04 50 8000.0 ~.8 05 00 5000.0 =.8 a5 40 5000.0 50 3000.0 OAD par: ee Se deo 2 Hee G0-00-S000.0 = 5 00 10 9000.0 ~18 Se ee UME BH Be 00 20 10000.0 -~.85 99 10 7000. 18-20 50.0 7 00 30 120000 -.85 U2 20 BU00.0 = 18 318 30 5020 =17 00 40 5000.0 ~.8 Cee eed Oaeaee 38 40 4000.0 ~.8 00 50 8000!0 -‘8 og 40 Souu.0 18 50 8000.0 ~.8 01 00 10000.0 ~.85 08 50 6000.0 49 00 10000.0 7.85 01 10 8000.0 ~.8 A Oe cou Uda ee 19 10 5000.0 -.8 01 20 900010 =18 Tee aes Uneaten 19 20 RODO.O — 8 01 30 10000.0 4.85 18 20 BODD.0 19 30 10000.0 7.85 01 40 5000.0 ~.8 Ae yee see 19 40 35000.0 =.85 O1 50 300010 =275 pein Od 19°50 1200020 = 185, 02 00 Loo0.0 = 17 10 50 Lone. 20-00 KOHD.O =i 02 10 500.0 ~.7 Peete nee 20 10 9000.0 =18 02 20 50.0 -.7 aoe 20 20 10000.0 2.85 02-410 4000.0 5.8 Hote OREN tt 20 AW s000.0 =. 02 40 5000.0 1H FS a ei 20 40 KOONLO = 18 02 50 Lo000.0 =.85 Th BO Lanho.g ~ 85 20 50 1000.0 2.85 03 00 800.0 ~.8 Oe Ont Otte 2100. 5060.0 =.8 03 10 oK0D.0 2.95 12 BO 5000, ~ 8 21 1 PoonLo = 18 93 20 12000-0 =185 12 T0 BOuD.O ~n 21 20-Hn00LO, TA 03 30 1000070 =185 12 20 100K0.0 ~.85 21 30 10000.0 03 40 5000.0 -.8 1 O 2000 eee 21 Ay 5000.0 8 03 50 000.0 ole 12 40 5000.0 =i ee G4 Ob 1000.0 =.g5 12 59 Ronn — kK 0.0 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 30 10000.0 | 3 23 00 50.0 7 05 10 6000.0 -.48 i 00 a - 2310 50.0 -.7 05 20 BooUlO ~1y tet aecrueuaieeas 23 20 ROOO.0 = 8 05 30 10000.0 *+.85 tie soseaautatete 2330 10000,0 =.85 05 40 5000.0 ~.8 Septet tionessed 23 40 12000.0 -.85 05 50 60000 -!8 Meet ara 23.50 7000010 =185 06 00 200010 ~295 50 10000.0 +645 : 06 10 1500.0 =.) Go BOO0.0 -.8 06 20 50.0 ~ 06 30 50.0 = 06 40 4000.0 06 50 8000-0 07 06 10000.0 07 10 5000.0 -.8 07 20 000.0 ~18 4 4 5 40 10000.0 -.85 5 20 1700010 ~183 5 30 1000.0 = 285 5 40 5U00.0 - 8 5 50 7000.0 -.8 6 UO 10000.0 =.85 6 10 5000.0 ~.8 6 6 6 6 ? 7 ? 7 ? 7 OF 39 Fovd0¢0 tus 18 30 amie Tok 40 550000 =185 3 sea 07 50 1.200020 ~235 40 FOKON.O 2 an5 08 10 9000.0 ~18 Gu 5000.0 -.8 10 6000.0 -18 20 8000.0 -.8 30 10000.0 =.85 AQ 8000.00 SO WOU0LO 6 TH 08 20 10000.0 =.85 08 30 5000.0 =.8 08 40 8000.0 ~l3 OR 50 TONAd.O Loans 09 OO 4000.0 =. B00 20000 = 275 B10 1500.0 =.7Effective From, Jewitt) i AAR seuneemeray Instruction Rev ©. No. THIN/OCO% “f- | Monit PROFR < «! bys TRIBUTION Facrors| Vg.» HARMING ORDERPOH pnad 132 kV SIDE i SUMMATION CT DAMPING REACTUR THYRISTERS STEP DOWN Begone Lee SS | 7 Effective 2SkV FEEDER TRANSFORMER ~ CAPACITORS a sawn pra B TRANSFORMER 25/5 kV FIG. 4.0 THYRISTOR SWITCHED CAPACITUR oe | i | “=| Sct SUMMATIUN CT DAMPING REACTOR THYRISTERS. STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER CAPACITORS Rete be 25Kv FEEDER oa SERIES REACTOR — FILTER BANK FIG. 2.0 THYRISTUR CUNTRULLEL REA