LIT 1 Module 4

INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTIC
ENG 1/11
Instructor: Francis Hue T. Salomon
Facebook Account: Francis Hue Salomon
Email Address: francishuesalomon15@gmail.com
COURSE OUTLINE
Timeframe
(Week & Topic

Hour)
st nd
1 (1 -2 ) NOrSU Preliminaries
2 (3rd–4th) Lesson 1 – Introduction to Literature
3 (5th–6th) Lesson 2 – Divisions of Literature
4 (7th–8th) Lesson 3 – Importance of Philippine Literature and Time Frames with a touch of
Philippine Mythology
5 (9th–10th) Lesson 4 – Periods of Philippine Literature under Spanish Colonizers
MID TERM MODULE 1 and 2
6 (11th–12th) Lesson 5 – The American Regime

7 (13t –14th) Lesson 6 – The Japanese Period
8 (15th–16th) Lesson 7 – Literature Representatives in the Rebirth of Freedom, Activism, New
Society and Third Republic
9 (17th–18th) Lesson 8 – Representative Compositions through Time (1989 – 2020)
FINAL MODULE 3 and 4
COURSE REQUIREMENT AND GRADING SYSTEM

Outputs:
 Learning Activities
 Practice Task
 Assignments
 Project/virtual presentation
Major Examinations:
COURSE REQUIREMENT
 Midterm Examination
 Final Examination
Blended Mode of Instruction (BMI): 75% technology mediated sessions and 25%
modular sessions.
GRADING SYSTEM Breakdown of the 100% final grade into at least 4 specific grade- components
as agreed by the concern faculty members in the department/ program/ college
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or school.
Evaluation Criteria
Midterm Grade Final Grade
Learning activities -15% Learning activities -15%
Practice task - 15% Practice task -15%
Assignments - 10% Assignments -10%
Project - 20% Project -20%
Midterm Exam - 40% Final Exam -40%
100% 100%
Computation of Final Grade
50% of Midterm Grade + 50% of Final Grade = 100%

ENG 1/11
MODULE 4
Lesson 7: Literature Representatives in the Rebirth of Freedom,

Activism, New Society and Third Republic
Lesson 8: Representative Compositions through Time (1989 – 2020)
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the course, the learners are to (A) Respond to strategies that
develop critical and creative thinking, and/or other higher-order thinking skills. 5.1.5.1;
Internalize an understanding of the range of verbal and non-verbal classroom
communication strategies that support learner understanding, participation,
engagement and achievement. 5.1.7.1;Value understanding of learning environments
that promote fairness, respect and care to encourage learning. 5.2.2.1; (S) Embody
teaching strategies that are responsive to learner’s linguistic, cultural, socio-economic
and religious backgrounds. 5.3.2.1; Perfect knowledge of providing timely, accurate and
constructive feedback to improve learner performance.5.5.3.1; Articulate the
relationship of language, literature, culture, and society in teaching-learning process.
6.0.1.1; (K) Apply an understanding of supportive learning environments that nurture
and inspire learner participation. 5.2.4.1; Evaluate knowledge and understanding of
differentiated teaching to suit the learner’s gender, needs, strengths, interests and
experiences. 5.3.1.1; Synthesize original compositions in expository and creative
writing. 6.0.4.2
All these are achieved through delivering excellent instruction, relevant and
responsive research and extension services, and quality assured product through
competent and highly motivated human capital 4.2.1.1; perfecting the core values of
SAPPHIRE (Spirituality, Accountability, Professionalism, Patriotism, Harmony, Integrity,
Respect, Excellence) as an embodiment of a true NOrSUnian. 4.3.1.1; and become a
dynamic, competitive and globally responsive 4.1.1.1.
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CONTENTS OF THE MODULE

This module contains the following lessons:
Lesson 7 : Literature Representatives in the Rebirth of Freedom, Activism, New

Society and Third Republic
Lesson 8 : Representative Compositions through Time (1989 – 2020)
DIRECTIONS ON HOW TO USE THE MODULE PROPERLY

In order to benefit profoundly from this module, please be guided by all the key
points presented below.
1. This module contains two ( 2 ) lessons. Each lesson i s explained

substantively. Read the explanations thoroughly so that you would
understand the lesson entirely.
2. On the f i rst page of each lesson, you will find the specific learning
outcomes ( SLOs) of each lesson. SLOs are knowledge and skills you are
expected to acquire at the end of the lesson. Read them heartily.
3. You must answer the Learning Activities/ Exercises ( LAEs). The

LAEs are designed to help you acquire the SLO
4. Feel free to chat, call, text or send me an email i f you have questions,
reactions, or reflections about the module’ s contents or activities.
5. The Practice Task/ Assessment and the Assignment shall be checked by

me.
ENG 1/11
Lesson 7: Literature Representatives in the Rebirth of Freedom,

Activism, New Society and Third Republic
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
1. Discuss the historical background of the rebirth of freedom, activism,

new society and third republic.
2. Identify the literature representatives in the rebirth of freedom,
activisim, new society and third republic.
3. Show a sense of adaptability of the Philippine Literary History
DISCUSSION
THE REBIRTH OF FREEDOM (1946-1970)
Historical Background
The Americans returned

in 1945. Filipinos
rejoiced and guerillas
who fled to the
mountain joined the
liberating American
Army. On July 4, 1946,
the Philippines regained
is freedom and the
Filipino flag waved
joyously alone. The
chains were broken.
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A. THE STATE OF LITERATURE DURING THIS PERIOD
The early post-liberation period was marked by a kind of “struggle of mind and
spirit” posed by the sudden emancipation from the enemy, and the wild desire to see
print.
Filipinos had, by this time, learned to express themselves more confidently but
post-war problems beyond language and print-like economic stability, the threat of new
ideas and mortality – had to be grappled with side by side.
There was a proliferation of newspapers like the FREE PRESS, MORNING SUN, of
Sergio Osmeñ a Sr., DAILY MIRROR of Joaquin Roces, EVENING NEWS of Ramon Lopezes
and the BULLETIN of Menzi. This only proved that there were more readers in English
than in any ocher vernaculars like Tagalog, Ilocano or Hiligaynon.
Journalists had their day. They indulged in more militant attitude in their
reporting which bordered on the libelous. Gradually, as normality was restored, the
tones and themes of the writings turned to the less pressing problems of economic
survival. Some Filipino writers who had gone abroad and had written during the
interims came back to publish their works. Not all the books published during the
period reflected the war year; some were compilations or second editions of what have
been written before.
Some of the writers and their works of the periods are: THE VOICE OF THE
VETERAN – a compilation of the best works of some Ex-USAFFE men like Amante
Bigornia, Roman de la Cruz, Ramon de Jesus and J.F. Rodriguez. TWILIGHT IN TOKYO
and PASSION and DEATH OF THE USAFFE by Leon Ma. Guerrero FOR FREEDOM AND
DEMOCRACY – by S.P. Lopez BETRAYAL IN THE PHILIPPINES – by Hernando
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Abay.SEVEN HILLS AWAY – by NVM Gonzales POETRY IN ENGLISH DURING THIS

PERIOD For the first twenty years, many books were published…both in Filipino and in
English. Among the writers during this time were: Fred Ruiz Castro, Dominador I. Ilio,
and C.B. Rigor.
Some notable works of the period include the following:
1. HEART OF THE ISLANDS (1947) – a collection of poems by Manuel Viray
2. PHILIPPINES CROSS SECTION (1950) – a collection of prose and poetry by Maximo

Ramos and Florentino Valeros
3. PROSE AND POEMS (1952) – by Nick Joaquin
4. PHILIPPINE WRITING (1953) – by T.D. Agcaoili
5. PHILIPPINE HAVEST – by Amador Daguio
6. HORIZONS LEAST (1967) – a collection of works by the professors of UE, mostly in

English (short stories, essays, research papers, poem and drama) by Artemio Patacsil
and Silverio Baltazar. The themes of most poems dealt with the usual love of nature, and
of social and political problems. Toribia Mañ o’s poems showed deep emotional
intensity.
7. WHO SPOKE OF COURAGE IN HIS SLEEP – by NVM Gonzales
8. SPEAK NOT, SPEAK ALSO – by Conrado V. Pedroche
9. Other poets were Toribia Mañ o and Edith L. Tiempo Jose Garcia Villa’s HAVE COME,
AM HERE won acclaim both here and abroad.
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NOVELS AND SHORT STORIES IN ENGLISH
Longer and longer pieces were being written by writers of the period. Stevan Javellana’s
WITHOUT SEEING THE DAWN tells of the grim experiences of war during the Japanese
Occupation. In 1946, the Barangay Writer’s Project whose aim was to publish works in
English by Filipinos was established. In 1958, the PEN Center of the Philippines (Poets,
essayists, novelists) was inaugurated. In the same year, Francisco Arcellana published
his PEN ANTHOLOGY OF SHORT STORIES.
In 1961, Kerima Polotan’s novel THE HAND OF THE ENEMY won the Stonehill Award
for the Filipino novel in English. In 1968, Luis V. Teodoro Jr.’s short story THE
ADVERSARY won the Philippines Free Press short story award; in 1969, his story THE
TRAIL OF PROFESSOR RIEGO won second prize in the Palanca Memorial.
Awards for Literature and in 1970, his short story THE DISTANT CITY won the
GRAPHIC short story award
THE NEW FILIPINO LITERATURE DURING THIS PERIOD
Philippines literature in Tagalog was revived during this period. Most themes in the
writings dealt with Japanese brutalities, of the poverty of life under the Japanese
government and the brave guerilla exploits. Newspapers and magazine publications
were re-opened like the Bulaklak, Liwayway, Ilang Ilang and Sinag Tala. Tagalog poetry
acquired not only rhyme but substance and meaning. Short stories had better
characters and events based on facts and realities and themes were more meaningful.
Novels became common but were still read by the people for recreation.
The people’s love for listening to poetic jousts increased more than before and people
started to flock to places to hear poetic debates. Many books were published during this
time, among which were:
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1. Mga Piling Katha (1947-48) by Alejandro Abadilla
2. Ang Maikling Kuwentong Tagalog (1886-1948) by Teodoro Agoncillo
3. Ako’y Isang Tinig (1952) collection of poems and stories by Genoveva Edroza Matute
4. Mga Piling Sanaysay (1952) by Alejandro Abadilla
5. Maikling Katha ng Dalawampung Pangunahing Autor (1962) by A.G. Abadilla and

Ponciano E.P. Pineda
6. Parnasong Tagalog (1964) collection of selected poems by Huseng Sisiw and Balagtas,
collected by A.G. Abadilla
7. Sining at Pamamaraan ng Pag-aaral ng Panitikan (1965) by Rufino Alejandro. He

prepared this book for teaching in reading and appreciation of poems, dramas, short
stories and novels
8. Manlilikha, Mga Piling Tula (1961-1967) by Rogelio G. Mangahas
9. Mga Piling Akda ng Kadipan (Kapisanang Aklat ng Diwa at Panitik) 1965 by Efren
Abueg
10. Makata (1967) first cooperative effort to publish the poems of 16 poets in Pilipino
11. Pitong Dula (1968) by Dionisio Salazar
12. Manunulat: Mga Piling Akdang Pilipino (1970) by Efren Abueg. In this book, Abueg
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proved that it is possible to have a national integration of ethnic culture in our country.
13. Mga Aklat ni Rizal: Many books about Rizal came out during this period. The law
ordering the additional study of the life of Rizal helped a lot in activating our writers to
write books about Rizal. PALANCA AWARDS Another inspiration for writers in Filipino
was the launching of the Palanca Memorial Awards for literature headed by Carlos
Palanca Sr. in 1950. (Until now, the awards are still being given although the man who
founded it has passed away). The awards were given to writers of short stories, plays
and poetry.
The first awardees in its first year, 1950-51 in the field of the short story were the
following:
First Prize: KUWENTO NI MABUTI by Genoveva Edroza Second Prize: MABANGIS NA

KAMAY…MAAMONG KAMAY by Pedro S. Dandan Third Prize: PLANETA, BUWAN AT
MGA BITUIN by Elpidio P. Kapulong.
PERIOD OF ACTIVISM (1970-

1972)
Historical Background
According to Pociano Pineda,

youth activism in 1970-72 was due to
domestic and worldwide causes.
Activism is connected with the
history of our Filipino youth. Because
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of the ills of society, the youth moved to seek reforms. Some continued to believe that
the democratic government is stable and that it is only the people running the
government who are at fault. Some believed that socialism or communism should
replace democracy. Some armed groups were formed to bring down the democratic
form of government.
Many young people became activists to ask for changes in the government. In the
expression of this desire for change, keen were the writings of some youth who were
fired with nationalism in order to emphasize the importance of their petitions. Many
young activists were imprisoned in military camps together with rebel writers. As early
as this period of history we can say that many of those writers who were imprisoned
were true nationalists and heroes of their time.
Many books aptly record and embody these times but many of these are not
known to many and many of these writers still have to be interviewed. We just leave to
scholars and researchers the giving of credit where credit is due.
A. THE SEED OF ACTIVISM
The seeds of activism resulted in the

declaration of Martial Law in 1972. We can,
however, say that he seeds were earlier
sown from the times of Lapu-lapu,
Lakandula, and Rizal. The revolution against
the powerful forces in the Philippines can be
said to be the monopoly of the youth in
whose veins flow the fire in their blood.
What Rizal said of the youth being the hope
of the Fatherland – is still valid even today.
B. PERIOD OF THE BLOODY PLACARDS
Pineda also said that this was the time when the
youth once more proved that it is not the constant
evasion that shapes our race and nationalism. There is a
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limit to one’s patience. It may explode like a volcano if overstrained. Life? What avails
like if one is a coward who does not take a stand for himself and for the succeeding
generations?
The youth became completely rebellious during this period. This was proven not
only in the bloody demonstrations and in the sidewalk expressions but also in
literature. Campus newspapers showed rebellious emotions. The once aristocratic
writers developed awareness for society. They held pens and wrote on placards in red
paint the equivalent of the word MAKIBAKA (To dare!). They attacked the ills of society
and politics. Any establishment became the symbol of the ills that had to be changed.
The frustrations of youth could be felt in churches and school. Even the priests, teachers
and parents, as authorities who should be respected became targets of the radical youth
and were though of as hindrances to the changes they sought.
The literature of the activists reached a point where they stated boldly what
should be done to effect these changes. Some of those who rallied to this revolutionary
form of literature were Rolando Tinio, Rogelio Mangahas, Efren Abueg, Rio Alma, and
Clemente Bautista.
WRITING DURING THE PERIOD OF ACTIVISM
The irreverence for the poor reached its peak during this period of the mass
revolution. It was also during this period that Bomba films that discredit our ways as
Filipinos started to come out.
PALANCA AWARDEES FOR LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
(Established in 1950, the Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature had been
giving cash prizes for short story, poetry and one-act play writing as an incentive to
Filipino writers. The prizes come from La Tondena, Inc., the firm founded by the late
Carlos Palanca Sr. For the list of winners from 1950-51 to 1960-70, we recommended
Alberto S. Florentino’s “Twenty Years of Palanca Awards.”)
ENGLISH SHORT STORY
1970-71 First Prize – “THE RITUAL” – Cirilo F. Bautista Second Prize – “BEAST IN
THE FIELDS” – Resil Mojares. Third Prize – “CHILDREN OF THE CITY” – Amadis Ma.
Guerrero 1970-71 First Prize – “THE ARCHIPELAGO” – Cirilo F. Bautista Second Prize –
“FIVE POEMS” – Wilfredo Pascua Sanchez Third Prize – “FROM MACTAN TO
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MENDIOLA” – Frederico Licsi Espino Jr. ENGLISH ONE-ACT PLAY 1970-71 First Prize –
“THE GROTESQUE AMONG US” – Maiden Flores
ENGLISH POETRY
1971-72 First Prize – “THE TOMATO GAME” – N.V.M. Gonzales Second Prize –
“THE APOLLO CENTENNIAL” – Gregorio C. Brillantes Third Prize – “AFTER THIS, OUR
EXILE” – Elsa Martinez Coscolluela 1971-72 First Prize – “BATIK MAKER AND OTHER
POEMS” – Virginia R. Moreno Second Prize – “THE EDGE OF THE WIND” – Artemio
Tadena Third Prize – “TINIKLING (A SHEAF OF POEMS)” – Frederico Licsi Espino Jr.
1971-72 First Prize – “GRAVE FOR BLUE FLOWER” – Jesus T. Peralta Second
Prize – “THE UNDISCOVERED COUNTRY” – Manuel M. Martell Third Prize – The judges
recommend that in as much as the three third prize winners especially deserve, the
prize of P 1,000.00 be divided among these three: “ THE BOXES” – Rolando S. Tinio “
NOW IS THE TIME FOR ALL GOOD MEN TO COME TO THE AID OF THEIR COUNTRY” –
Julian E. Dacanay “ THE RENEGADE” – Elsa Martinez Coscolluela
WRITERS DURING THIS PERIOD
Jose F. Lacaba, in his book DAYS OF DISQUIET, NIGHTS OF RAGE; THE FIRST
QUARTERS STORM AND RELATED EVENTS, wrote of the tragic and tumultuous
moments in our country’s history. Describing this period, he writes: “That first quarter
of the year 1970…It was a glorious time, a time of terror and of wrath, but also a time
for hope. The signs of change were on the horizon. A powerful storm was sweeping the
land, a storm whose inexorable advance no earthly force could stop, and the name of the
storm was history.”
He mentions that those students demonstrating at that time knew and were
aware that what they were doing would be crucial to our country’s history. Student
leaders thought up grandiose names for their organizations and hence, the proliferation
of acronyms likes SUCCOR, YDS, KTPD, SAGUPA, SMP, KKK, KM, MDP, and SDK.
Politicians endorsed bills for those who interfered with student demonstrators. Mayor
Antonio Villegas himself, on Feb. 18, 1970, led demonstrators away from angry
policemen. Other politicians like Eva Estrada Kalaw, and Salvador Laurel, Benigno
Aquino Jr. wrote about condemnation of police brutalities.
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Lacaba’s book is truly representative of writers who were eyewitnesses to this

time “of terror and wrath.” Other writers strove to pour out their anguish and
frustrations in words describing themselves as “gasping for the air, thirsting for the
water of freedom.” Thus, the Philippine Center for the International PEN (Poets,
Essayists, and Novelists) held a conference centering on the “writer’s lack of freedom in
a climate of fear.”
For a day they denounced restrictions on artistic freedom and passionately led a
plea for freedom. Among the writers in this group were: Nick Joaquin, S.P. Lopez,
Gregorio Brillantes, F. Sionil Jose, Petronilo Daroy, Letty Jimenez-Magsanoc, Mauro
Avelina, and Jose W. Diokno. People in the other media participated in this quest for
freedom. Journalists Jose Burgos Jr., Antonio Ma. Nieva,; movie director Lino Brocka, art
critic Anna Leah S. de Leon were battling head – on against censorship.
They came up with resolutions that pleaded for causes other than their own –
like the general amnesty for political prisoners, and other secret decrees restricting free
expression. They requested editors and publishers to publish the real names of writers
in their columns. It called on media to disseminate information on national interest
without partisan leanings and resolved to be united with all causes decrying oppression
and repression.
Period of the New Society (1972-1980)
The period of the New Society started on September 21, 1972. The Carlos
Palanca Awards continued to give annual awards.Almost all themes in most writings
dealt with the development or progress of the country –like the Green Revolution,
family planning, proper nutrition, environment, drug addiction and pollution. The New
Society tried to stop pornography or those writings giving bad influences on the morals
of the people. All school newspapers were temporarily stopped and so with school
organizations.
The military government established a new office called the Ministry of Public
Affairs that supervised the newspapers, books and other publications.The government
took part in reviving old plays like the Cenaculo, the Zarzuela and the Embayoka of the
Muslims. The Cultural Center of the Philippines, the Folk Arts Theater and even the old
Metropolitan Theater were rebuilt in order to have a place for these plays.
Singing both Filipino and English songs received fresh incentives. Those sent abroad
promoted many Filipino songs.
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The weekly publications like KISLAP, and LIWAYWAY helped a lot in the
development of literature. These became outlets for our writers to publish many of their
works.
A. FILIPINO POETRY DURING THE PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY
Themes of most poems dealt with patience, regard for native culture, customs and the
beauties of nature and surroundings.
Those who wrote poetry during this period were: Ponciano Pineda, Aniceto Silvestre,
Jose Garcia Revelo, Bienvenido Ramos, Vicente Dimasalang, Cir Lopez Francisco, and
Pelagio Sulit Cruz.
Many more composers added their bit during this period. Among them were
Freddie Aguilar, Jose Marie Chan and the group Tito, Vic and Joey. ANAK of Freddie
Aguilar became an instant success because of the spirit and emotions revealed in the
song. There were even translations in Japanese and in other languages.
THE PLAY UNDER THE NEW SOCIETY
The government led in reviving old plays and dramas, like the Tagalog Zarzuela,
Cenaculo and the Embayoka of the Muslims which were presented in the rebuilt
Metropolitan Theater, the Folk Arts Theater and the Cultural Center of the Philippines.
Many schools and organizations also presented varied plays.

The Mindanao State University presented a play Sining Embayoka at the Cultural Center
of the Philippines.
In 1977, the Tales of Manuvu, a new style of rock of the ballet opera was also
added to these presentations. This was performed by Celeste Legaspi, Lea Navarro,
Hadji Alejandro, Boy Camara, Anthony Castello, Rey Dizon and choreographed by Alic
Reyes.
Even the President’s daughter at the time participated as a performing artist in
the principal role of Santa Juana of Koral and in The Diary of Anne Frank.
The following organizations contributed a lot to the development of plays during this
period:
1. PETA of Cecille Guidote and Lino Brocka
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2. Repertory Philippines: of Rebecca Godines and Zenaida Amador

3. UP Repertory of Behn Cervantes
4. Teatro Filipino by Rolando Tinio
RADIO AND TELEVISION

Radio continued to be patronized during this period. The play series like SI MATAR,
DAHLIA, ITO AND PALAD KO, and MR. LONELY were the forms of recreation of those
without television.
Even the new songs were first heard over the airwaves.
However, many performing artists in radio moved over to television because of higher
pay.
Among these were Augusto Victa, Gene Palomo, Mely Tagasa, Lina Pusing, and Ester
Chavez.
Popular television plays were GULONG NG PALAD, FLOR DE LUNA, and ANNA LIZA.
SUPERMAN AND TARZAN were also popular with the youth.
FILIPINO FILMS
A yearly Pista ng mga Pelikulng Pilipino (Yearly Filipino Film Festival) was held during
this time. During the festival which lasted usually for a month, only Filipino films were
shown in all theaters in Metro Manila. Prizes and trophies were awarded at the end of
the festival in recognition of excellence in film making and in role performances.
COMICS, MAGAZINES AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS

During this period of the New Society, newspapers donned new forms. News on
economic progress, discipline, culture, tourism and the like were favored more than the
sensationalized reporting of killings, rape and robberies.
AN OVERVIEW OF THE LITERATUE DURING THE NEW SOCIETY

Bilingual education which was initiated by the Board of National Education as early as
1958 and continued up to the period of Martial Rule in September 21, 1972, resulted in
the deterioration of English in the different levels of education. The focus of education
and culture was on problems of national identity, on re-orientation, renewed vigor and
a firm resolves to carry out plans and programs.
The forms of literature that led during this period wee the essays, debates and poetry.
The short stories, like the novels and plays were no different in style from those written
before the onset of activism.
Period of the Third Republic (1981-1985)

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After ten years of military rule and some changes in the life of the Filipino which
started under the New Society, Martial Rule was at last lifted on January 2, 1981.
To those in government, the lifting of military rule heralded a change. To their
perceptions, the Philippines became a new nation and this; former President Marcos
called “The New Republic of the Philippines.”
A historian called this the Third Republic. The First Republic he claimed was
during the Philippine Republic of Emilio Aguinaldo when we first got our independence
form the Spaniards on June 12, 1898.
The Second was when the Americans granted us our independence on July 4, 1946. This
period, January 2, 1981, was the Third Republic when we were freed from Military Rule.
During this period, it cannot be denied that many people seethed with rebellion and
protest because of the continued oppression and suppression.
This was further aggravated when former Senator Benigno S. Aquno Jr., the idol
of the Filipino masses, whom they hoped to be the next president, was president, was
brutally murdered on August 21, 1983.
This stage of the nation had its effect on our literature. After the Aquino assassinated,
the people’s voices could no long be contained. Both the public and private sectors in
government were chanting, and shouting; women, men and the youth became bolder
and their voices were raised in dissent.
We can say that Philippine literature, in spite of the many restrictions, still
surreptitiously retained its luster.
THE PALANCA AWARDS
The Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for literature which was launched in
1950 , continued its recognition of the best in the literary fields –poetry, short story,
essays, and the one and three-act plays.
In 1984, the Palanca Awards started choosing the best in novel writing. This
contest, held every three years, gives time for local writers to write more beautiful and
quality works. The next contest on the best novel was held in 1987. La Tondeñ a
continues to be its sponsor.
FILIPINO POETRY
Poems during this period of the Third Republic were romantic and revolutionary.
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Writers wrote openly of their criticism against the government. The supplications of the
people were coached in fiery, colorful, violent, profane and insulting language.
FILIPINO SONGS
Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were really true-to-life like those of grief,
poverty, aspirations for freedom, love of God, of country and of fellowmen.
Many composers, grieved over Ninoy Aquino’s treacherous assassination composed

songs.
Among them were Coritha, Eric and Freddie Aguilar. Corithaand Eric composed
asongtitles LABAN NG BAYAN KO and this was first sung by Corithaduring the National
Unification Conference of the Opposition in March, 1985. This was also sung during the
Presidential Campaign Movement for Cory Aquino to inspire the movement against
Marcos in February 1986.
Freddie Aguilar revived the song BAYAN KO which was written by Jose Corazon de Jesus
and C. de Guzman during the American period.
PHILIPPINE FILMS DURING THE PERIOD

The yearly Festival of Filipino Films continued to be held during this period. The
people’s love for sex films also was unabated.
Many producers took advantage of this at the expense of public morality.
POETRY IN ENGLISH DURING THE THIRD REPUBLIC

Most especially, during the wake of the tragic BenignoAquino Jr.’sincident, people
reacted with shock, appalled by the suddenness and the unexpectedness of events.
Alfredo Navarro Salanga, a consistent writer of Philippines Panorama Magazine

in his column “Post-PrandalReflections”aptly said it: “darkness in the mind and soul is
how some forgotten poet puts it. Its suddenness was so profound that we couldn’t but
react to it in any other way.”
Elemental to us (poets or writers) was how to grasp to some meaning –in a symbol, a
phrase or word –in the language of heart and tongue, the poet’s only candles. So we
tried to reach out in the next and perhaps the only way we could: by putting pen to
paper and speaking out –as partisans in a human drama.Poets, surprisingly, by common
consent, found themselves writing on a common subject.
Reproduction of some of them is reprinted here. We aptly call them Protest Poetry of
the ‘80’s. The themes of most during this time dealt with courage, shock and grief over
the “treachery inflicted upon Aquino.”
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MEDIA OF 1983
Sheila S. Coronel, a PANORAMA staff stalwart, reporting on the state of the media during
these times said: it was a year of ferment, and change, of old problems made more
oppressive by the new throbbing beat of the times.” For journalists, it was a year loaded
with libel charges, lawsuits and seditious trials which they gallantly bore as harassment
suits.
JAJA (Justice for Aquino, Justice for All) Movement called for a boycott of
government –controlled newspapers in protest of media suppression. People picketed
newspapers offices with coffins to symbolize the death of press freedom.
In campuses, newspapers were set afire to protest lack of free expression. Journalists
suffered physically and otherwise.
Journalists of 3 major dailies demanded a dialogue with their publishers to “restore
credibility and respectability”to newspapers.
Opposition tabloids flourished. They sold our papers with the red news to the
starved public; hence, smut magazines like the TIKTIK, PLAYBOY SCENE, and SAKDAL
also played the sidewalks.
Radio led by RADIO VERITAS started reporting coverage of demonstrations.
Information Minister Gregorio Cendañ acalled the tabloids the “mosquito press”and
called their new “political pornography.”
However, there was a perceptible liberalization of editorial policies in the major
newspapers.
CHILDREN’S BOOKS
Among the well-loved forms of writing which abounded during this period were those
of children’s stories. The Children’s Communication Center (CCC) directed by poet and
writer VirgilioS. Almarioalready has built up an impressive collection of these kinds of
books. The following are some of the books of the period.
1982:PLAYS FOR CHILDREN by JameB. Reuter S.J. (New Day Pub.)
1983:STORY TELLING FOR YOUNG CHILDREN
1983:JOSE AND CARDO by Peggy CorrManuel
(PROSE) FABLES
The people’s cry of protest found outlets not only in poetry but also in veiled prose
fables which transparently satirized the occupants of Malacañ ang. Among those that
saw prints were:
1. The Crown Jewels of Heezenhurstby Sylvia Mendez Ventura

2. The Emperor’s New Underwear by MeynardoA. Macaraig
3. The King’s Cold by BabethLolarga
ENG 1/11
4.The Case of the Missing Charisma (unfinished) by Sylvia L. Mayuga.

In all the fables, the king, differently referred to as TotusMarkus or the king or Haring
Matinikwas meant to poke fun at the ruler at Malacañ ang; similarly, Reyna Maganda or
the Queen, was a veiled thrust at his queen.
They were both drunk with power and were punished in the end for their misdeeds.
THE STATE OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH AT THIS TIME

IsaganiCruz, writing about Philippine literature in the “Age of Ninoy,”makes the
following observations:
“Philippines literature is definitely changing,”and he summarizes these as follows:
1. Change in the direction of greater consciousness in content and form.

2. Change in the number of readers and the number of writers and the kind of class of
writers. Writers who joined the ranks came not only from the established or
professional groups but from all ranks –clerks, secretaries, drivers, housewives,
students; in short, the masses.
3. The resurgence of Balagtasismoand the continued dominance of Modernismo. While

Balagtasismoturned its back on the American challenge to Philippine literature its
conservative conventions, Modernismoadapted Americanization for its own ends.
4. The birth of a new poetic movement still dims in outline.
5. The apparent merging of the erstwhile separate streams of oral and written
literature.
ENG 1/11
Lesson 8: Representative Compositions through Time (1989 – 2020)
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
1. Discuss the historical background of the representative compositions

through time (1989-2020).
2. Identify the representative compositions through time (1989-2020).
3. Show a sense of adaptability of the Philippine Literary History.
DISCUSSION
REPRESENTATIVE COMPOSITIONS THROUGH THE YEARS
POST-EDSA 1 REVOLUTION (1986-1995)
1986 EDSA Revolution
The year 1986 demarcates the beginning of new scene in the unfolding narrative
of contemporary Philippine Literature. – It saw the fall of the dictatorship that President
Marcos set up on September 21, 1972, when he placed the Philippines under martial
rule, initiating a regime that did not only suppress the writers’ right to free expression
but also created conditions that made collaboration and cooperation convenient choices
for artists struggling for recognition and survival.
Writing under the Martial Law Regime was characterized by militancy and
belligerence, even when it showed up in the legal press. Especially after the
assassination of Ninoy Aquino in 1983, the temper of poetry and theatre derived much
of its heat and direction from the political culture of the underground national
democratic movement. 1986 EDSA Revolution
However, when the enemy were overthrown in 1986, the literary activity
showed a certain disorientation manifesting itself in a proliferation of concerns taken
up by individual writers and groups. 1986 EDSA Revolution
Post EDSA: 2 Creative Writing centers o Academic institutions where Creative Writing
is a part of the curricular offerings. o Writers’ organizations that periodically sponsor
ENG 1/11
symposia on writer and/or set up workshops for its members and other interested
parties  Through these centers that writers get to hear about new developments in
writing, and derive enthusiasm for their crafts.
Writers’ Organizations • UMPIL (Unyon ng mga Manunulat ng Pilipino) •

PANULAT (Pambansang Unyon ng mga Manunulat) • Panday Lipi • GAT (Galian sa Arte)
Writers’ Organization • Katha • LIRA (Linangan sa Imahe, Retorika at Anyo) •

GUMIL (Gunglo Dagiti Manunurat nga Ilokano) • LUDABI (Lubas sa Dagang Bisaya) •
PEN ( Pen, Essay and Novel)
• La Tondeñ a, sponsors of the venerable Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards in

Literature, has made the name “Palanca” a synonym for quality literary works in both
English and Filipino.
• The National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCAA) was created by law
in 1992. It has a Committee on Literary Arts which funds workshops, conferences,
publications and a variety of projects geared towards the production of a “national
literature”. The committee has the aim of developing writing that is multi-lingual, multi-
cultural, and truly national.
• Non-governmental organizations have helped hand in hand with some

institutions in giving recognition to writers from specific sectors in the society. These
NGO's includes the Amado V. Hernandez Foundation; the GAPAS foundation, and the
KAIBIGAN.
• Campus publications are another group of outlet that is of importance as a

source of non-traditional, experimental writing. These campus publications could either
be a weekly student newspapers, quarterly magazines, or annual literary journals.
• Overall, the character of the Philippine literary scene after "EDSA" maybe
pinpointed be referring to the theories that inform literary production, to the products
issuing from the publishers, to the dominant concerns demonstrated by the writers'
output, and to the direction towards which literary studies are tending.
Characteristics of Post EDSA Literature
1. There is in the academe an emerging critical orientation that draws its concerns and
insights from literary theorizing current in England and the United States
2. Post-EDSA publishing has been marked by adventurousness, a willingness to gamble

on "non-traditional" projects.
ENG 1/11
3. The declining prestige of the New Criticism, whose rigorous aesthetic norms has
previously functioned as a Procrustean bed on which Filipino authors and their works
were measured, has opened a gap in the critical evaluation of literary works.
4. The fourth and final characteristic of post-EDSA writing is the development thrust
towards the retrieval and the recuperation of writing in Philippine languages other than
Tagalog.
Characteristics of Contemporary Literature
• English and Filipino continue to be the major media of literature.
• Literature as a venue for socio-politico-economic-religious discussions and a vehicle

for personal thoughts and feelings has become more marked.
• Literary themes cover a wide range of subjects most outstanding among which are
existentialism and the search for identity in varying levels and settings, deception and
violence perpetuated by those in power, grinding poverty especially in the country-
sides and in some cities, nationalism, tenant-landlord relationship, human rights
violation and the search for the desaparecidos, and the Filipino diaspora and the
experiences of overseas Filipino workers(OFWs) and migrants.
• The Anglo-American tradition, which includes the free verse and the blank verse,
gained acceptance among writers.
• The Euro-Hispanic tradition was blended with the tradition of propaganda and
revolutionary literature to become a truly Filipino tradition.
• The ‘60s and the ‘70s saw the resurgence of cause-oriented literature. This militancy,
although markedly toned down, has continued to the present.
• Further development of regional literatures has been given a stronger impetus

through the inclusion of regional literary masterpieces in the college curriculum.
• Filipino writers have become more conscious of their craft as shown by the regular
conduct of writing workshops (Godinez- Ortega 6).
Contemporary Literary Types
• Modern Poetry – This is a new style of poetry writing in Tagalog, a deviationfrom the
highly rimed, declamatory tradition known for many centuries.
• Modern Short Story – These are stories set in the Philippines in the English language
ENG 1/11
• The Novel
• Essay
• Drama
Short Stories
• Ang Pinakahuling Kwento ni Huli (The Very Last Story of Huli) – Lilia Quindoza
Santiago
• The Execution – Charlson Ong
• Kabilang sa mga Nawawala (Among the Disappeared) – Ricardo Lee
• Geyluv – Honorio De Dios
Philippine Literature From 2000 to Present
Notable Authors and their Literary Contribution
1. Abdon M. Balde Jr.
He is an award-winning Filipino novelist. He has written and published short

stories, poems and novels in English, Tagalog and the languages of Bicol.
Balde finished a degree in civil engineering and worked as a construction

engineer for thirty-three years, after which he retired to pursue a career as an author.
His writer career bloomed and critics noted his unique raw talent. He concentrated in
writing creative short stories, poems and novels. He received his first literary award in
2003 and has since continued to win acclaim for his work.
Today, he is a councilor of the organization Lupon Sa Wika, a member of the

National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and director of the Unyon ng mga
Manunulat sa Pilipinas (UMPIL; English: Writers' Union of the Philippines).
2. Beverly Siy “Bebang”
published writer of all sorts of genres (from serious poetry to horror stories for
adolescents to humorous essays to erotic novel.)
ENG 1/11
She did the writing, lay outing and publishing of the spoof of her school's campus
paper. She sold each copy for P2.00 or $ 0.05 to her classmates.
She took up BA Creative Writing (Filipino) in the University of the Philippines

while she worked as a waitress at night. She graduated cum laude in 2002. She
immediately signed up for MA Filipino, major in Literature. She is very optimistic that
she will finish the course soon.
She is the youngest member of UMPIL or Unyon ng mga Manunulat sa Pilipinas'

Board of Directors in 2004-2010.
President of Linangan sa Imahen, Retorika at Anyo (LIRA) in 2007-2009. LIRA is

the premiere and the oldest organization of Filipino poets who write primarily in the
national language.
She is the Executive Officer for Membership and Documentation of Filipinas

Copyright Licensing Society (FILCOLS), an organization of authors and publishers that
helps fight for the economic rights of copyright holders.
3. Dean Francis Alfar

He is a Filipino playwright, novelist and writer of speculative fiction. His plays
have been performed in venues across the country, while his articles and fiction have
been published both in his native Philippines and abroad, such as in Strange Horizons,
Rabid Transit, The Year's Best Fantasy and Horror and the Exotic Gothic series.
He is the author of the novel Salamanca (Ateneo Press, 2006), as well as three
collections of short fiction - The Kite of Stars and other stories (Anvil Publishing,
2007), How to Traverse Terra Incognita (Visprint, 2014), and A Field Guide to the Roads
of Manila (Anvil Publishing, 2015).
His literary awards include ten Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for
Literature (Palanca Awards) — including the Grand Prize for Novel — as well as
the Manila Critics' Circle National Book Awards for the graphic novels Siglo: Freedom
and Siglo: Passion, and the Philippines Free Press Literary Award.
He was a fellow at the 1992 Dumaguete National Writers Workshop as well as
the 20th and 48th UP National Writers Workshop.
He is an advocate of the literature of the fantastic, editing the Philippine
Speculative Fiction series, as well as a comic book creator and a blogger.
Alfar is also an entrepreneur — running several businesses. He lives
in Manila with his wife, fictionist Nikki Alfar[1] and their two daughters.
4. Allan Popa
ENG 1/11
He is the author of ten collections of poetry, including Drone (Ateneo de Manila

University Press, 2013) and Laan (De La Salle University Publishing House, 2013). He
has received the Philippines Free Press Literary Award and the Manila Critics Circle
National Book Award. He teaches at the Filipino Department of Ateneo de Manila
University and is currently the director of Ateneo Institute of Literary Arts and Practices
(AILAP).
5. Charlson Ong
Resident fellow of the Institute of Creative Writing and

fictionist/scriptwriter/singer extraordinaire, was born on July 6, 1960. He obtained an
A.B. in Psychology from the University of the Philippines in 1977, and currently teaches
literature and creative writing under UP's Department of English and Comparative
Literature. He has joined several writers' workshops here and abroad, and has acquired
numerous grants and awards for his fiction, including the Palanca, Free Press, Graphic,
Asiaweek, National Book Award, and the Dr. Jose P. Rizal Award for Excellence. His
novel, Embarrassment of Riches published by UP Press in 2002, won the Centennial
Literary Prize. In addition to this, Ong has served as co-editor of the Likhaan Book of
Poetry and Fiction
His short stories range from parodies of well-loved Filipino texts to insightful
treatments of Chinese-Filipino culture. These have been collected into Men of the East
and Other Stories (1990 and 1999), Woman of Am-Kaw and Other Stories (1993) and
Conversion and Other Fictions (1996). His second novel is due for publication this year.
6. Cristina Pantoja Hidalgo
A renowned teacher, editor, writer, and pioneer of creative nonfiction. Garnering

honors since her colegiala days, Dr. Hidalgo has also received such prestigious awards
as Gawad Balagtas, Graphic, Free Press, Focus, Manila Critics' Circle, British Council
Grant to Cambridge, and the U.P. President's Award for Outstanding Publication. She has
been recognized as Outstanding Thomasian Writer, Hall of Famer for the International
Publication Award, and Grand Prize winner for the Novel in the Palanca Awards. She
was Vice President for Public Affairs of the University of the Philippines and at present
is the director of the University of Sto. Tomas Publishing House, and an associate of the
UP Institute of Creative Writing.
7. Danton Remoto
A Filipino writer, essayist, reporter, editor, columnist, and professor. Remoto

was a first prize recipient at the ASEAN Letter-Writing Contest for Young People. The
ENG 1/11
award made Remoto a scholar at the Ateneo de Manila University in the Philippines. As

a professor, Remoto teaches English and Journalism at the Ateneo de Manila University.
[1] Remoto is the chairman emeritus of Ang Ladlad, a lesbian, gay, bisexual, and
transgender (LGBT) political party in the Philippines.
8. Edgar Calabia Smar
He is a poet and novelist from San Pablo City, Philippines. He has received

the Philippine National Book Awards for his novels and book of criticism, and
the Palanca Awards for his poetry collections and short fiction. His novels Sa Kasunod
ng 909, Si Janus Silang at ang Tiyanak ng Tabon and Si Janus Silang at ang Labanang
Manananggal-Mambabarang all won the Philippine National Book Awards for Best
Novel in a Philippine Language in 2012, 2015, and 2016, respectively. He has also been
awarded the PBBY-Salanga Writer's Prize, the NCCA Writer's Prize for the Novel,
the Gantimpalang Collantes sa Sanaysay, and the Gawad Surian sa Tula. His poetry
books, Pag-aabang sa Kundiman: Isang Tulambuhay and Samantalang Sakop at Iniibig:
Panibagong Tulambuhay were both nominated for the National Book Award. His award-
winning children story Uuwi na ang Nanay Kong si Adarna has been adapted into
play and was staged at the Cultural Center of the Philippines as part of The Virgin
Labfest in July 2008. The same story was also adapted for television in a storytelling
segment of GMA-7's Art Angel episode last May 29, 2008. His book, Walong Diwata ng
Pagkahulog, was recipient of the 2005 NCCA Writer's Prize; its translation to English
as Eight Muses of the Fall was longlisted in the 2009 Man Asian Literary Prize. Samar is
also fellow to the 2010 International Writing Program of the University of Iowa.
9. Eros Atalia
A Filipino author, professor and journalist from Cavite City, Philippines who

wrote several books including the Palanca Award-winning 'Tatlong Gabi, Ekupaskibas'
(lit. Three Nights, Three Days) in 2013 and Ang Ikatlong Anti-Kristo' (lit. The Third
Antichrist) in 2017. His book 'Ligo Na U, Lapit Na Me' (published in 2009) was adapted
into film in 2011. He is a faculty member at the University of Santo Tomas, and was a
resident at the International Writing Program of the University of Iowa. Atalia also co-
founded the defunct local newspaper Responde Cavite, where he also served as an
editor.
LEARNING ACTIVITIES AND EXERCISES
Directions: Write the appropriate word from the pool of words inside the box.
ENG 1/11
Zarzuelas Poets, Essayist, Novelist 1945 1946

Drama Embayoka Plays, Essays, Novels Cenakulo
Nationwide Domestic 1951 1952 1942
Carlo Palanca Jr. Worldwide Carlos Palanca Sr. Political
1. -3. The government took part in reviving old plays like , and .
4. P.E.N. stands for .

5. In what year did the Philippines gained freedom?
6.-7. According to Ponciado Pineda, Youth Activism in 1970-1972 was due to ,
causes.
8. Who discovered the Palanca Awards?
9. In what year did he discover the awards?
TEACHER INTERVENTION
 The teacher created a students’ directory that includes the student name, home
address, preferred learning delivery mode, available gadgets, contact number,
email address and connectivity. The students are opting to pass their
answers/output and ask queries regarding the subject matter via email,
messenger, text message, or they can drop their modules at the guard house/
NORSU gate.
PRACTICE TASK/ASSESSMENT
1. Why is it called the period of activism?
2. What happened during the period if new society?
3. How was the state of Philippine literature during the rebirth of freedom?
ENG 1/11
4. In spite of many restrictions in our Philippine literature during the the 1 st and 2nd
republic, what happened to our literature during the Third Republic?
5. What are the characteristics of literature during the Post-EDSA Revolution?
6. Aside from the 9 Notable authors from Philippine literature from 2000 to present that
was discussed in this module, give at least 5 authors and their contributions in our
literature.
FEEDBACK TO ASSESSMENT
Please be guided with the following criteria in answering your learning activities
and practice task.
RUBRICS FOR JOURNAL WRITING
1 2 3
Assessment 0
Partially meets
Ratings Score
Meets Exceeds
Expectations Does not meet
expectations expectations expectations
Content Response . Response Response Response to
consists of thoughtful and adequately assigned topic
unsupported fairly well addresses thorough and
opinions only written; most some aspects well written,
marginally opinions of the with varied
related to the supported assigned sentence
topic with facts topic; structure and
ENG 1/11
opinions vocabulary;
sometimes opinions
based on always
incorrect supported
information with facts.
Incomplete Good reliance
Excellent use
development upon
of examples
Ideas not of ideas; examples and
Idea and details to
clearly stated details and details to
Development explore and
or developed. examples not illustrate and
develop ideas
always develop ideas
and opinions.
evident. and opinions.
Response is
well thought
out and well
Responses prepared.
are adequate. There is a
Journal is
There is a personal
completely off
The response little personal connection to
topic. No
is not focused. connection. the content.
personal
There is no The topic is The topic is
connection
personal somewhat focused and
was made.
Quality connection. focused and clear. You
The topic is
The topic is somewhat have used
not clear. No
not clear. No clear. Some, vivid,
detail or
descriptive not a lot of descriptive
thought was
language or descriptive details when
put into
detail was language, or necessary to
content. The
used. detail. Some capture the
reader is
details are reader’s
confused.
explained at attention.
length. Details are
well thought
out and
explained.
Organization The journal is The journal is The journal is Journal is well
not organized. not organized. organized. organized.
There is no The start The start There is a
start or finish and/or finish and/or finish clear start and
to your entry. to your entry to your entry finish to your
Your is not clear. is somewhat entry.
ENG 1/11
clear. Most
explanations
or events are
Explanations
sequenced in
Your or events are
explanations a logical way.
explanations sequenced in a
are unclear Explanations
are unclear logical way.
and do not are adequate.
and illogical. Explanations
make sense. You've used
You have used and details
You have not some
1 or 2 and show time
used transition
transition and effort. You
transition words and
words. Events have used
words. Events other writing
are not transition
are not in any elements in
sequenced in a words and
sequential your entry.
logical way. other
order. The The
The reader has necessary
reader cannot organization
a difficult time writing
understand has some
understanding elements that
your entry. glitches but
your entry. add to your
overall the
writing.
reader can
understand
your entry.
Met/Exceeded
Target
Near Target
More Work Goal The journal is
Needed Getting There at the required
length. You
The journal
have given
The journal is The journal entry is
more than the
only 1-3 entry is short almost the
required
sentences and shows required
length but
long and does little effort put length. Entry
maintained
not show any into it. shows some
high quality.
effort. effort put into
The journal
it.
reflects time
and effort put
into it.
Grammar You had You had some You had a You had no
and numerous errors in couple of error in
ENG 1/11
errors in errors in
spelling, spelling,
Mechanics spelling, spelling,
capitalization, capitalization,
capitalization, capitalization,
and and
and and
punctuation. punctuation.
punctuation punctuation.
Overall
Assessment
ASSIGNMENT
Research more about the Representative Compositions through Time (1989 – 2020).
REFERENCE
http://aprilmaynjune.weebly.com/socio-1/the-rebirth-of-freedom-1946-1970-period-of-
activism-1970-1972
https://group4lit1webpage.wordpress.com/period-of-activism-and-the-new-society/
#:~:text=The%20period%20of%20the%20New,environment%2C%20drug%20addiction
%20and%20pollution.
https://group4lit1webpage.wordpress.com/the-3rd-republic/
https://www.slideshare.net/JessPalo1/litt-1-report
https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/4692118.Abdon_M_Balde_Jr_
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_Francis_Alfar
https://www.asymptotejournal.com/poetry/allan-popa-six-poems/
https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/586247.Charlson_Ong
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danton_Remoto
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Calabia_Samar
ENG 1/11
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eros_Atalia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isagani_Cruz
https://www.slideshare.net/daniholic/21st-century-literature-from-the-philippines-and-the-
world?next_slideshow=1

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LIT 1 Module 4

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INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTIC

(Week & Topic

MID TERM MODULE 1 and 2

6 (11th–12th) Lesson 5 – The American Regime

FINAL MODULE 3 and 4

COURSE REQUIREMENT AND GRADING SYSTEM

50% of Midterm Grade + 50% of Final Grade = 100%

Lesson 7: Literature Representatives in the Rebirth of Freedom,

Lesson 8: Representative Compositions through Time (1989 – 2020)

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

CONTENTS OF THE MODULE

Lesson 7 : Literature Representatives in the Rebirth of Freedom, Activism, New

Lesson 8 : Representative Compositions through Time (1989 – 2020)

DIRECTIONS ON HOW TO USE THE MODULE PROPERLY

1. This module contains two ( 2 ) lessons. Each lesson i s explained

3. You must answer the Learning Activities/ Exercises ( LAEs). The

5. The Practice Task/ Assessment and the Assignment shall be checked by

Lesson 7: Literature Representatives in the Rebirth of Freedom,

At the end of this module, you will be able to:

1. Discuss the historical background of the rebirth of freedom, activism,

THE REBIRTH OF FREEDOM (1946-1970)

The Americans returned

A. THE STATE OF LITERATURE DURING THIS PERIOD

Abay.SEVEN HILLS AWAY – by NVM Gonzales POETRY IN ENGLISH DURING THIS

Some notable works of the period include the following:

1. HEART OF THE ISLANDS (1947) – a collection of poems by Manuel Viray

2. PHILIPPINES CROSS SECTION (1950) – a collection of prose and poetry by Maximo

3. PROSE AND POEMS (1952) – by Nick Joaquin

4. PHILIPPINE WRITING (1953) – by T.D. Agcaoili

5. PHILIPPINE HAVEST – by Amador Daguio

6. HORIZONS LEAST (1967) – a collection of works by the professors of UE, mostly in

7. WHO SPOKE OF COURAGE IN HIS SLEEP – by NVM Gonzales

8. SPEAK NOT, SPEAK ALSO – by Conrado V. Pedroche

NOVELS AND SHORT STORIES IN ENGLISH

THE NEW FILIPINO LITERATURE DURING THIS PERIOD

1. Mga Piling Katha (1947-48) by Alejandro Abadilla

2. Ang Maikling Kuwentong Tagalog (1886-1948) by Teodoro Agoncillo

4. Mga Piling Sanaysay (1952) by Alejandro Abadilla

5. Maikling Katha ng Dalawampung Pangunahing Autor (1962) by A.G. Abadilla and

7. Sining at Pamamaraan ng Pag-aaral ng Panitikan (1965) by Rufino Alejandro. He

8. Manlilikha, Mga Piling Tula (1961-1967) by Rogelio G. Mangahas

11. Pitong Dula (1968) by Dionisio Salazar

First Prize: KUWENTO NI MABUTI by Genoveva Edroza Second Prize: MABANGIS NA

PERIOD OF ACTIVISM (1970-

According to Pociano Pineda,

A. THE SEED OF ACTIVISM

The seeds of activism resulted in the

B. PERIOD OF THE BLOODY PLACARDS

WRITING DURING THE PERIOD OF ACTIVISM

PALANCA AWARDEES FOR LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

ENGLISH SHORT STORY

WRITERS DURING THIS PERIOD

Lacaba’s book is truly representative of writers who were eyewitnesses to this

Period of the New Society (1972-1980)

A. FILIPINO POETRY DURING THE PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY

THE PLAY UNDER THE NEW SOCIETY

Many schools and organizations also presented varied plays.

2. Repertory Philippines: of Rebecca Godines and Zenaida Amador

RADIO AND TELEVISION

COMICS, MAGAZINES AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS

AN OVERVIEW OF THE LITERATUE DURING THE NEW SOCIETY

Period of the Third Republic (1981-1985)

THE PALANCA AWARDS

Many composers, grieved over Ninoy Aquino’s treacherous assassination composed