Name : Dhea Yuliani

Class : 4C
Nim : 18223024
Language in Society
Summary
1.3.2 The Belfast investigation
The insights into sociolinguistic behaviour just sketched were gained by a close study
of the following three areas of Belfast.
1) Ballymacarett (protestant east belfast)
2) The hammer (lower shankill road, protestant west-central belfast)
3) Clonard (lower falls road, chatolic west central belfast)
The three areas are different in the social importance they attach to certain features. Is
generally regarded as a rural features of Ulster English and in Belfast is found most with
older males (40-55) chiefly in Catholic west Belfast. In the eastern section of the cuty which
has had a largely Ulster scots input from north Co.
As can be seen from its precentual representation in the data collected by the milroys.
 Clonard 62% palatalisation
 Hammer 14
 Ballymacarett 0%
This pattern would also seem to apply to the dental realisation of /t/ before /r/ in unstressed
syllables, i.e.
The raising of /a/ before velars, as in bag /beg/ is quite common and is more frequent
is west belfast then in cast belfast, young male in east belfast seem to have lost this raised
vowel entirely, perhaps as the result of peer-group pressure.
Correlates of community structure lesley milroy has analysed the relation between
realisations of three phonological variables, (th), (v) and (a) within the framework of the
network model of language ties.
The insight here is that not just the use of one realisation as opposed to another is
sociolingualistically significant but the numbers of tokens for a given realisation are relevant.
Wider implications the milroys’ work on vernacular speech in belfast has had wider
implications for linguistic studies, for instance for the development of phonological norms in
English.
What is prestige? All too often vague references to ‘prestige’ are made in linguistic
treatments of language change.
The nature of vernacular, the work of the milroys has heightened the linguists’ awareness of
the vernaculat. Its norms oppose standardisation and prescriptions for reasons of identity
maintenance.
Gender and network, the interaction of gender and network affiliation has been a concern of
lesley milroys. She defines clearly how a network score is arrived at for an individual by
considering membership in a high-density, territorially based group, ties of kinship, similar
place work to other group members and voluntary association with others during leisure time.
The last variable is a weaker gender marker but important to men as a network marker which
shows the essential interdependence of both types of marking and the complex relationship
between them.
Translate into Indonesian
1.3.2 Investigasi Belfast
Wawasan tentang perilaku sosiolinguistik yang baru saja dibuat sketsa diperoleh
dengan mempelajari tiga bidang Belfast berikut ini.
1) Ballymacarett (belfast timur protestan)
2) Palu (jalan shankill bawah, belfast barat tengah protestan)
3) Clonard (jalan air terjun bawah, belfast tengah barat chatolic)
Ketiga bidang tersebut berbeda dalam kepentingan sosial yang mereka lekatkan pada
ciri-ciri tertentu, umumnya dianggap sebagai fitur pedesaan inggris ulster dan di belfast
ditemukan paling banyak dengan laki-laki yang lebih tua (40-55) terutama di belfast barat
katolik. Dibagian timur cuty yang sebagian besar mendapat masuka ulster skot dari utara co.
Seperti dapat dilihat dari representasi precentualnya dalam data yang dikumpulkan oleh para
milroy.
 Clonard 62% palatalisasi
 Palu 14%
 Ballymacarett 0%
Pola ini tampaknya juga berlaku untuk realisasi gigi dari /t/ sebelum /r/ dalam suku kata tanpa
tekanan.
Pengangkatan /a/ sebelum velar, seperti dalam bag /beg/ cukup umum dan lebih
sering adalah belfast barat kemudian di cast belfast, laki-laki muda dibelfast timur tampaknya
telah kehilangan vokal yang ditinggalkan ini sepenuhnya, mungkin sebagai akibat dari
tekanan kelompok, kolerasi struktur komunitas lesley milroy telah menganalisis hubungan
antara realisasi tiga variable fonologis, (th),(v) and (a) dalam kerangka model jaringan ikatan
bahasa.
Wawasan disini adalah bahwa tidak hanya penggunaan satu realisasi sebagai lawan
dari yang lain secara sosiolinguistik signifikan tetapi jumlah token untuk realisasi yang
diberikan relevan.
Implikasi yang lebih luas karya milroys pada pidato vernakular di belfast telah lebih luas
implikasi untuk studi linguistik, misalnya untuk pengembangan norma-norma fonologis
dalam bahasa inggris.
Apa itu prestise? Terlalu sering referensi samar untuk ‘prestise’ dibuat dalam perawatan
linguistik perubahan bahasa.
Sifat vernakular, karya para milroy telah meningkatkan kesadaran para linguis akan
vernaculat. Norma-normanya menentang standardisasi dan resep untuk alasan pemeliharaan
identitas.
Gender dan jaringan, interaksi gender dan afiliasi jaringan telah menjadi perhatian lesley
milroys. Dia mendefinisikan dengan jelas bagaimana skor jaringan dicapai untuk seorang
individu dengan mempertimbangkan keanggotaan dalam kepadatan tinggi, kelompok
berbasis teritorial, ikatan kerabatan, tempat kerja yang serupa dengan anggota kelompok lain
dan asosiasi sukarela dengan orang lain selama waktu senggang. Variabel terakhir adalah
penanda gender yang lebih lemah tetapi penting bagi laki-laki sebagai penanda jaringan yang
menunjukkan saling ketergantungan esensial dari kedua jenis penandaan dan hubungan
kompleks di antara keduanya.
Question and Answer
1. How do we learn about sociolinguistic behavioral insight?
Answer : by studying the three areas of belfast
2. At what age is belfast found the most?
Answer : in older males 40-55
3. How vernacular has wider implications for sociolinguistic studies?
Answer : with the development of phonological norms in english
4. What is prestise?
Answer : prestige is the prestige or relative level of a language variety
5. What is the network score achieved by an individual?
Answer : taking into account membership in high density, territorially based groups,
kinship ties, and similar workplaces.