Post-Tensioned Buildings “The book assumes a basi knowledge of conventionally reinforced concrete design Founded on this knowledge, the material presented covers the full range of post tensloning principles, including the principles nocessary for elicient design. The focus of the books on the science of engineering, rather than the “ar” of post-tn- ‘Gomi design; thus Ure is more emphasis on theultimate objectives of “service Sil and safety rather han strict adberence to local or traditional racic. The abjeaive sto benefits arger mmber of my colleagues as wellas plan checkers and ‘evlewers, and to make teaser tofollow a design and move through the approval ‘roses less painfully. Having mastered the basi concepts, it becomes easier to ac {ope that there is more than one way of designing a post-tensioned structure that tneets serviceability and safety requirements. ‘The parameters and bounds of design ate ultimately defined by bullding codes Commercial construction inthe US is governed by the international Building Code {iBC);theconerete requirements are based on ACI 318: Building Code Requirements forStructural Concrete, With respect to post-ensioned conerete, ACI 318 primarily feflects current design practice in te US; as with other aspects of ou ves, the AL ‘Sad requirements are heavily influenced by special interest, particulary those of the pose tensioning material suppliers. This becomes apparent when the AC re (Uidnents are compared to those of ether countries. Por example, the European ode C2! having to adress the interes ofa larger numberof counties, enloys cefeater component of engineering science. Where applicable, this book attempts {orsover the ples of ACT and EC2 sldeby side. The objective sto emphasize that {hone ls more than one way of arriving safe" and serviceable" design and that the designs under different codes canbe quit diferent. ‘The book comes in two versions: US edition and an Internationa edition. The Us edition uses Uh US system of units (1, i) that is common in US construction, ‘ous with the equivalent values in Stunits(N, a, Iteovers both ACI/IBC and EC2, ‘hich in alton to being mandatory in 2 large numberof European countries is being used more and more az bass fr other bullding codes The International edition ofthe book covers the same topics cording to oth ACI/ TBC and EC2 inthe SIS, mm) system of units In adtion, where applicable, tin ‘des the recommendations of "R43, PostTesioned Conerete Floors Design Hand book TRAd isa publiation ofthe UX Conerete Society that provides recommend ons for design and construction of pst-tenstoned buildings ‘Asecondgoal ofthis book ist adress the widespread use of software indesign We STongetnced to learn how to calculate deflections or determine the value ofthe ‘Moment at even section our software does itforus. The ability to do longhand eUliions of moments shears and dellections has become obsolete, jst 35 the Sbityto uve side rules became obsolete when hand held calculators were ntro- “Gaced. Many of us ely entirely on software: viewed asa back box — to provide us nth the values epee to accomplish our design tasks. Further, many of us have come ta place ou faith uly on the output ofthe “black ‘Dow in bur offic Ths development presents two issues Firs the design engineer Ty sul sesponsble for the design, The design must resulta serviceable and safe Structures tshould also be economical ‘Second the “lack boxes that are eurenty available are not al he same, While TpcReN ins 1206 vi ‘About This Book the input and output of diferent software programs may seem sia there ae igi Cant ferences in the assumptions, simplincations and procedure wed nthe internal ‘workings ofthe software. The former required sl of knowing how to calculate deflec- ‘ons and bending moments tas been replaced by the need to recognize the assamp- tions and procedures that a given software program uses in processing the input data, ‘aswell as the acuracy and reliability ofthe solutlons it produces Drawing on my experience extending over thre decades asthe lead engineerin the de ‘lopment of software fr the analysis and design ofconerte structures and specifically post tensioned concrete strctures—namely ADAPT "I have tried to shed light nthe book on several rteal aspects of sohware evaluation. 1 acknowledge that some readers may not have had cours in finite elements. Since finite element analysts forms the basis of concrete floor design a general understanding is necesary to evaluat the sutailiy of design software. 1 have therefore devoted 3 Section of the book to this top. In simple yet precise, words have explained the nie tlement concepts that design engineers need to know when using currently available design softrare. Ihave followed the explanation with examples that illstrate how dt ferent software packages may not go through the same internal steps and thus may not produce the sane results fora partiular set of input data, “The book includes two detailed, longhand numerical examples. One example s for 2 Column supported flor syste and the other f fora beam frame. The examples reflect Feal-fe conditions, and the ealclations are done according to both ACI and EC2 re- {gulrements The International edition also goes through the examples using TR43, In recent years there hasbeen much progress in Building Information Modeling (IM), However thre is sil a stumbling block when it comes to integrating the work of struc tural engineers into the otherwise smooth flow ofthe BIM proces. The problem arises from the necessity of having to crete an "analytical model from the architect's “physl- ‘alr model ofthe concrete frame. The BIM model reflects the actual geometries of 2 bulding = the physica” model. The practice of structural engineers to date has been to simplify the physical model to an analytical model crate from intersecting centro ‘al lines. Stching from the physical to analytical model disrupts the smooth low of Information through the BIM proces; the results ofthe structural analysis cannot be transferred diel to the BIM model. Section 82 of the book examines thls problem And offers afesibleand practieal solution. ‘While Ihave downplayed the requirement for longhand calculation of deflections and moment, cannot over-emphasive the importance of our first course instructural engl fering states —and the ally to draw a complete free-body dagram. Estimating ‘he applicable loads correct identiving 3 load path and making sure thatthe design ‘alues ae in‘statie equ with the applied loads go along way in structural de Sgncirrespective of how complex the structure is Likewise, tis important to think bout “ductility” Throughout the book, the emphasis for sat ison (0) selection of ‘in uninterrupted load path, i) state equisbrium ofthe applied loads with the design forces of the load path and (i) adequate duct. Satisfaction of these conditions will, Fesult na safe structure, even wien the design conflcts with the results of widely: Used analysis and design software ‘ver the course of one’s caret there may be specifi events often unforeseen, with Tong lasting effect. owe my love of posttensioning and lifelong commitment 01 F www adpsoficom