1) 4 BS.812 : Part.2: 1975 coe beakvehenaseear Methods for Sampling and testing of mineral aggregates, sands and fillers Part 2. Physical Properties Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. | Date'of issue | “Text affected j j | | : z } British Stanoards institution - 2 Park Street - London W1A 28S | Tesegnene 01523 400 : i Telex 266822BSIBI2 SPart 2 71975 “Contents Pare Inside iron caver Co-operating organizations Foreword 2 Methods Scope ferences Significance of results Determination of relative censities and water sbsorouon 5.1 General £2 Samoiing 5.3 Method fore g gate all larger than 10mm ween 40 mmand Sm 5.5 Method for agerecate 10 mrp nominal size ana smalier z 5 4 Alternative method for agstegate oetween 40mm and 3 mm nominal sz 8 5.7 Method for determination of relawve density of filler 2 8 6, Determination of bulk densuy. voids and bulkine ZN 9 641 General & 9 6.2 Sampiine 9 63 Method for the determination of bulk ensity, and calculation of voidsand bulking of eegrezste 9 6.4 Method for the determination of bulk density of filer 6.5 Method for tne ae! dry comeacied fil n Determination of apgreeste “Foreword ‘This British Standard has besa orearea under the authority of the Read Ensrneering industry Stanazrds Commuttes. using metric dimensions as par of the national Dolicy to enange to the sretne svster. BS 812 was frst published in 1938 Tad euoseaventiv revised in 1943, 1981, 1960 and 1967 ‘The standard Ras been rearranged and is now published in PATS. Sued secarateiv as fliows Part | covers SATIRE se, snape an DEXrO- logical elassitcation part 2eovers BAVC vrocerics: relative sensi. wate? SESSTETIN. bulk density mass 0 | unre vorumer. veres | “pan 3 eqher esncaoropers: gr smpact value. 2PS7CES12 rusning val ESTERS gorasion value and poitsnea-s1OFe YASS. "The 1967 e208 Cf BSE12 is superseded by * nese Parts 320 R83 8 COnseauence geen withdrawn, Page : 1 Generat i 73 Samoune a 773 Staneare 1over-dryings method Lb 714 Sipnon-ean method for apgreazte not execccine 40 rm nominal size B : 1.5 Buoyancy metnee (or SE5TEEate NOL exceceing 40 mim nominal 22 wo 1.6 Modded drying method 18 Appendix A. Repeatability and reproducibility of test results 10 Tables 1. Details of containers to be used fr the bulk sity tests 10 1 SET FR ture content by dry mass @ Usrenomean method) is 3, Walues of movsture content by wet mass {sipnon-can method) 16 4, Estimates ofthe repeatability and Feproavatilty of a number of ests 2 Figures 1, Section of pyenometer made from preserving jar 6 Estimation of free running condition of fine agerceate Filler eomoaction apparatus Siohon-can Buoyancy moisture m tn tis Part of the ave been J made in the symbols used in the determination of relative density and water absorption so that each Symbol has tne same connotation in ezcit method. New sizes of containers for the bulk density tests have eeen introcuced and the flier compaction apparatus is now specified in rauronal metric dimensions. The voids and bulking tests have ose redefined. “The modified drying method for motsture content which is intended ornmarily for quality ‘control purboses has becn amended t0 restrict 15 ‘pplication to the determination of the total moisture content and to acmieve better standardiz~ anion of the drying rezime. ‘information on any omer methods of test that are thousnt suitable for extensive use. oF supEestions for smorovement of the specified methods. are weicomed 2nd will be consigered wnen it becomes desirable again to revise te standard, ‘Attention is arawn to tne comeanion standard )‘BS 812 : Part.2 : 1975 British Standard Methods for Sampling and testing of mineral aggregates, : sands and fillers Pert 2. Physical properties 1. Scope This Part c! the stan determing lard specifies methods for ih ative density, water absoroiior. culk density, voids, bulking and sholsture ccstent of aggregates andthe relative density, buie density and voids of filler Some of i: tests are intended for use in obtaining assuran; Fial complies with British Standard arch, Production zzatrol or assessment of variation, However thogs are not intended for assurancs :s::ag and their suitability for other Purposes is -+=neq, 2. References 3. Reporin: 3.1 General. ~: were cone iz deoarture described ws: Feport shall afirm thatthe tests dance with this standard, Any ne specified test procecure shall be '250ns for the departure and, if Fpeuble. esnaces of its effet om the test rests. pra FeD0rt 2:2 also include details of any pe Jropessing c= sample, other than that reneired For cagrng 320s. carred outin the laboratory fer exampis.=2shing o provicelarger geonones (smaller z= sr the separation of consent tom an aso: rave 12 Certificates sampling. The report shall afer fata ‘26 recerved with the clare all th fa certticate was not re, nthe report { Signitice~=a of resuits istrbuss> letors. In of eontrioune 2 the sicntiicance ofthe results aarp entabee" ind rebrodueibilty of the test tnuld be revor-zed, Estimates of these sre ven Aopendix 4 =z should be used msssesumne rent 5. Determination of relative densi water absorption iesand for agsregates bween 40 mm and 3 mm nomial size, 28 therefore the ras jar method for aggregates between 40 mm and $ mm should be used for such material £2 Sampling, The sample for these tests shall be taken in accordance with clause 5 of Part | of this standard, | 5:3 Method for aggregate all larger than 10 mm. 53.1 Apparatus. The following apparatus is required. SklA A boieneeofcapaciy not ess than 3 kg. Sccuirate 100.5 ¢, and of such a type and size a¢ to etmit the basket containing the sample to be Suspended from the beam and weighed in water. 5.3.1.2.4 weil vennated oren, thermostatically Controlled to maintain a temperature of 105 25 -C. “3.1.3 4 wire mesh basker having apertures not larger tnan 6.5 mm. ora perforated contarcer of convenient size. preferably chromium plated and Polished. with wire hangers (not thicker than : | mim) suspenaing it ftom the balance zee || Eile A stout waterteht comamerin which the ‘basket may be ireely suspended Tw drv soft absortem cloths, each not less | 50 mmx 450 mon, j 53.16 4 shallow trav of aren nos lnee shan nee =BS 812 : Part.2 : 1975 S3.1.7 Amairtitt contaier of similar capacity 10 the basket $3.18 4 100mm BS test Part | of this standard). 3.1.9 4 suppl of water free from any imounity eg. dissolved air) that would significantly affect us density. If distilled oF defonized water is not available insufficient quantity. tap water which has been freshly boiled and cooled to room temperature may be used. This water shall be used throughout the test 5.3.2 Sompie jor test. A sample of not less than 2 kg Aggregates which have been artiicislly heated shall not normally be used: ifsuch material is used. the fact shall be stated in the report. Two tests shall be made. ‘The samole for test shail be thoroughly washed on the test steve to remove finer particies, particularly lay. silt and dust. which would otherarse te lost during the test thereby affecting the result. and drained. 5.3.3 Test procedure. Place the prepared test sample in tne wire basket and immerse tin the water deseribed in $.3.1.9 ata temperature of 205°C with a cover of at least $0 mm of water above the top of the basket. Immediately after immersion remove the entrapped air from the sample by lifting the basket containing it 25 mm above the base of the tank and allowing it to drop 25 times at about once per second. The basket and aggregate shall remain completely immersed during this operation and for a period of 240.5 h, ‘Again jolt tie basket and sample and weigh the inwater ata temperature of 205°C. Ifitis necessary for them to be transferred toa dif retsee TA13.1 of tank for weighing. jolt them 25 times as described above in the new tank before weighing (mass 8). ‘Then remove the basket and aggregate from the ‘and allow tem to drain for a few minutes, after whicn gently empty the aggregate from the basket on to one of the dry cloths, and retura the empty basket to the water, jolt it 25 times and weigh tin watercmass C), With the cioth gently surtace-dry the aggregate placed on the dry cloth. transferring it toa second Sry cloth wnen the first will remove no further moisture. Then spread it out not more than one stone deep on the second cloth, and leave itexposed to the atmosphere away from direct sunlight or any other source of heat until ail visible films of water | are removed. but the aggregate still has a damp } appearance, Then weigh the agaregace (mass 4). If the apparent relauve density only is required the operations aeseribed in this paragraph may be mined. =k ‘Then piace the aggresate in the oven in the shallow tray ata temperature of 1055 "Cand ‘antara it at this temeerature for 24-=0.5h. | Then remove it from the oven, cool itin the airtight container, ang weigh ittmass D). Ifthe relative density ona saturated and surface-dried basis only is, ‘required. the operations described in this paragraph may be omitted. 5.3.4 Calewlations Relative density on an oven-dried basis Relative density on a saturates 4 and suriace-dried basis, Apparent relative density 1004 — D1 Water absorption (% of dry mass)=——5— where ‘As the mass of the saturated surface-dry aggregate in air(g): Bis the apparent mass in water of the basket containing the sampie of saturated argregate (2): 6 Cis the apparent mass in water of the empty basket tg): Dis the mass offhe oven-dried aggregate in air ig) 5.35 Reporting of results. The mean result shall be reported for each form of relative density determined. the ttlggef which shall be quoted in full. In no circumg* ‘tes shall the shortened title “relative density’ be used in relation to any values quoted. The size of aggregate tested. and whether ithas been artificially Heated before the start of the test shall be stated. Values of relative density shall be reported to the nearest 0.01 and those for water absorption to the nearest 0 ‘5.4 Method for aggregate bereen 40 mim xnd § mm SALI Apparatus. The following apparatus is required 14 balance of capacity not less than 3 ke. fate to 0.5 g and of sucha type aso permit the ¢ ‘weighing of the vessef containing the anzrezat and water. SA.1.2 A well ventilated oven, thermostatically controlled to maintain a temperature of 10555" 5.4.1.3 4 wide mourked glass vesre/such 28 ras jar, of [.Olitres to |S litres eapacity, with a fat ground lip and a plane ground disc of plate glass to cover it giving a watertight fi $4.14 Two cry soft absorbent closhs, exch not less than 750 mm by 450 mm. S415 4 shallow tray of area not less than 0.03 m: 5.4.1.6 An airtight container large enough to take the sample. S.4.1.7 4 5.00 mm BS restsieve (see L131 of Part | of this standard), : 5.4.1.8 4 zuppiy of werer free from any impunity (c.g. dissolved air) that would significantiy affect its density. If distilled oF deionized water ts not available in sufficient quantity. tap water which 6bat been ireshly boiled and cooled to room temperature may be used. This wate shall be used ‘hrovenout the est. $:42 Samole for test. A sample of about kg ofthe gate shall be used. A ogresates which have artical heated shall not normally be usea: Tsuen material is used, the fat shall be stated the repent, Two tests shall be made. The sample for test shall be thoroughly washed on the test sive to remove finer particles, parievany ely, sitand dust. which would otherwise be lost daring the test inereby affecting the result and drained, 543 Tezt arocedure. Immerse the prepared test Sample in ater the giass vessel shal main \ramesed ata temperature of 20:25 C for 2426.5h, Soon after immersion and again atthe tnd ofthe soaking period. remove ar entrapped in orbuboies on the suriace of. the agnregate by fee aeiauon, This may be achieved By rap clockuise and anti-clockwise rotation ofthe ve between in operator's hands. Onertite vessel by adding water and side the blane ground tlass dsc over the mouth s0.s 0 Ensure rat no aris trapped in the vessel Then dry the este on the ouside and weigh image Then ermpty the vessel and allow the aggregate to drain wy the vessel is refilled with waters Aiding tne” assis into position as before. Then ‘eliel on the outside and weight imassC) ference inthe teroperature of the wateria, the vessel during the first and second weighings shall not exceed 2 °C Then place the aggregate on a dry cloth and fentlysurface-drv it with the cloth ransterng {08 secona dry cloth when the fist wll emove no furtner movsture, Then spread it out not more inen one stone ceep on the second cloth and leave £xp0sea to the atmosonere away {rom diret Sunisht ot any other source of heat unt ll site Sims ot water are removed but the aggregate sullhas.a camo appearance, Then weigh the aserezaie mass 4), Ifthe aoparent celatve density onlvisreauted the operations described inthis Paragrapn may be omitted, Then pace the aggregate in the shallow tray in the oven ata temperature of 105-28 °C for 3420.5. Then coolit in the airight container and weien ittmass Di, If che relative densy ey 2 saturated ana surface dried basis on is tequced, the overations described im this paraeraph may be omitted 1A Caercnoas Relane enstyonan oven-dried area bess “pparent relauve censity jerdion (*. of dry mas BS 812: Part.2: 1975 | where is the mass of saturated suriace-dry sample in air(e); Bis the mass of vessel centaimine samole and filled with water (g): Cis the mass of vessel filed with water oniy (g): Dis the mass of oven-dry sample in air(g), SAS Reportine of results. The mean résult shall be : reported for each form of relative density determined. the title of which shall quoted in full, In no circumstances shal the sHortened title ‘iclative density’ be used in relation to any values Quoted. The size of aggregate tested, and whether it had been artificially heated before the start of the ‘est shall be stated. The values of relative density shall be reported to the nearest 0.01 and those for Sater absorption to the nearest 0.1 5.5 Method for aggregate 10 mm nominal size and smaller SS. Appararus. The followine apparatus is required $5.14 d balance of capacity not ess than 3 h accurate 10 0.5 g. and of such a type as to permit the weighing of the vessel containing the areregate and water. $1.2 A weil ventilated oven, thermostatically controlled to mainiain a temperature of 105 $5.13 Any form of apparatus capable of holding O.Ske co 1.0 ke of maternal up to 10 mm nominal size and capable of being filled with water to constant valume with an accuracy of =0.5 ml Both of the following vesseis are suitable (a) A elass vessel. reyerred ta later as a prenomerer of about one litre capacity having a metal comical Screw top with an approximately 6 mm diameter i hole at its apex. The screw top shall be watertight ‘shen itis screwed on to tine jar, and. if necessary a rubber or fibre washer shall be inserted im tne Joint. If such a washer 1s used, a mark shall be mace ‘on the jar to correspond with a mark on the sere (0p $0 that the screw is ughtened to the same Position every tume and the volume contained by the jar is constant throuenout the test. A suitable vessel can be made from a | kg fruit preserving jar tm which the glass lid normally used is replacea by 4 sheet metal cone as shown in figure t (0) 4 widesmouthed glass vessel such asa eas yar, of |-Olitres to 1.5 litres caoacity, witha flat ground lip and a plane ground dise of plate eiass to cover it, giving a watertight fit $5.14 A means of suppleing a current of warm aur, such as @ hairdrier c. SS.15 A warertight trev of area not less than i 0.03 mz Z 5.5.1.6 dn airniehs conamer large enough to take the sampie. 5.5.1.7 4 contamer of a size sufficient 10 contain the sample covered with water and to permit “igorous agitation without loss of any part of the sample or water,BS 812 : Part.2 : 1975 ot onm cis hole ee Bubber waster ——— Figure 1. Section of aycnometer made from preserving jar S5.1.8 A 75 um BS test sieve see 7.3.1. of Part | of this Standard) end a nestuae sieve to protect the 7S tum test sieve, e.2. a 1.18 mm steve. 55.1.9 4 supply of water free from any impurity (c.g. dissolved air) that would significantly afeet its density. If distilled or cz:onized water is not availabie in sufficient quantity. tap water which has been freshly boiled and cooled to room temperature ‘may be used. This water shall be used throughout thetest, $.5.1.10 (optional item) 4 metal mouldin the form ofa frustum of a cone 40 mm diameter atthe top, 90mm at the bottom and 7§ mm high. the metal to have a minimum thickness of 900 um, S.5.1.11 (IFitem 3.8.1.10 is to be used) 4 meal ing 340-15 sand having a fat circular tamping face 25~3 mm in diameter. 5 iain class funnel, $5.2 Sampie for test. A samole of about | kg for material having a nominai size from 10 mm to Simm inclusive, or about £00 g if finer than $ mm, shail be used. Aggregates wnich have been ‘aruificialiy heated shall not normally be used. {f such maceriai is used. the fact shall be stated in the report, Two tests shall be ‘The samvie shall be thoroughly washed to femove ail material finer iran 73 um BS test steve ‘sing the following procecure. Place the test sampie in tne container and add . Aaitate vigorously the ‘contents of the container and immediately pour the wash water over the sieves. which have Dreviously deen wetted on both sides and arranged “ith the coarser sieve on teo. The agitation shall be sufficiently vigorous to ‘sult in the complete seoaration irom the coarse Particles of all particies iner than the 75 um BS sieve. and to bri ateral into 12 (optional item) 4 Suspension in order that it will be removed by decantation of the wash water. Take care to avoid, as far as possible. decantation of the coatse particies of the sample. Repeat the operation until the wasn water is cisar. Return all material reta om the sieves to the washed sample, 5.5.3 Test procedure. The test procedure shall be as specified in $.5.3.1 or 55.3.2. S.$.3.1 Using the pvenomerer. Transfer the washed aggregate to the tray and add further water to ensure that the sampie is completely immersed. Soon aiter, immersion, remove bubbles of entrapped air by gentle azttation with a rod, Keep ine sample immersed in water for 24:0.5 h the water temperature being maintained at 20-45 °C for at least the last 20 h of immersion. ‘Then carefully drain the water from the sample by decantation through a 75 um BS test sieve. covered by the protective coarser sieve. any ‘material retgined being returned to the sample. ‘Then expose the avgregate to a gentle current of warm air to evaporate surface moisture and stir it at frequent intervals to ensure uniform drying until no free suriace moisture can be seen and. in the ease of aggresate finer than 5 mam. it just attains a “free-running’ condition (see Note 1), ‘Then weieh the saturated and surface-dry sample (mass 4), ithe apparent relative density only is required the draining and drying operations described above may be omitted. although for material finer than 5mm some surface drying may be desirable to facilitate handi ate in the pycnometer and with water, Screw the cone nto place and eliminate any trapped air by rotating ‘the pyenometer on its side. the hole in the apex of the cone being covered with a finger. Top up the pycnometer with water to remove any froth from the surface and so that tne surface of the water in the hole is fiat. Then dry the pycnometer on the outside and weigh it imass 2), | Empty the contents of the pyenometer into the king care to ensure that all the aggregate is }. Refill the pycnometer with water {see note 2) to the same level as before. dry it on the rence in the water in the pycnometer during the first and second weighing shail not exceed 2, Then carefully drain the water from the sample by decantation through 2 75 um BS test sieve and return any material retained to the sample, Then place the sample inthe tray. in the oven at a temperature of 1055 'C for 24—0.5 h. during which period it shall be stirred occasionally to ~“facilitate drying. Then cool i in the airtight Sontainer and weigh ittmass D). Two tests shall be made. Ifthe relative density on a saturated and * surface-dried basis oniy is required, the operations described in this paragraph may be omitted.BS 812: Part-2 : 1975 cree at a (2) Aggregate moist: simon rains comoiete snave of metal mouls suriace dev: simast como eax stl wsbie ang slooes wets () Agoregate nearly oven dev: no cisunct oean, surtace uti clase to being curvines NOTE. Thete sretenes are 201 toscaleanaare or reference purposes only. Figur stimaticn of free running conaition of fine a| ( BS 812 : Part.2 :1975 NOTE |. The fteesunnine’ or saturated suriace dry condition of the ne ageregaiclimalierthan ane? omenimes dificult tordenuly and. nordcrio rene Idenuieation. two alternating methods ate Wager as powbie ics Sethod | The oliowins tet orocedure shouldbe asooted, uld and tamer reterced ton After crvng i samote witha curren of warm a allow 120,901 fe foom temecrature whist thoroveny aero i Hold the mould wath its larger ameter face ee ona smooth non-absoreentievelsuraceFiline meres loosety with part af tne samote and lint tame Sr {rough tehole at ne to af the mould enh Ines bed ule clear ofthe aggrezatc and compureineeene nave with igure 2a to 2 Ifthe snape resembles igure 2a0r 218, then thers Drv the sample ther and revest shane resembles figure 2c, a condition close tothe ‘turned surfce-ary condition has beenacroeg {the shane resembles figure 2, the aggregate nas dried fame samole water or a further thang saunas {ror the being of the second oaraprton ofr ‘hat atleast one of the arvng stages gs shown n igure Mat or 211, should have been eee the stage represented by Rigure Method 2 Asan akemative to Method I. ry glass funnet ay be uied to helo determine the tre-running sonees Ol aggregate nrerinan 5 en With the funnet mverted over the sample tay nour some ofthe samole over he sloving tides by means ef rong the aides of the funnel, Continue crying ual scbaaer rownng snows nosign ol nartiies sucking tthe dane NOTE 2. Thoroughly dry the sass and metal threads and he wasner ised} of the pyenomelerbeloreunng soon y $53.2 Usure the wale mouthed elass veel. The Proceaure shall be the sameasin 55.3.1 except ling tne jar with water n shall just ind the ciass olate sid over i 10 bubbles 8.5.4 Caiewlarion Relativedensiyonan mendried __D basn FTE) Relative censitvonusaturatedang 4 seriace-ared basic Tao 2 Acparent relative densnty nanan is Gans D=a=cr 10014 — Water sbserotom (24 of dry mass) L014 =O) 4 #5 the mass of saturates surtace-dry sample in airegy 3's the mass of ovenometer or wide mouthed sla3s vessel containing sample and filled wn waterte): Cis the mass of pycnometer or wide mouthed 5955 vessel filled with water oniy ig); Dis the mass.ot oven-aried sample naire "Ahm 102 Nm. APA $555 Reporume of resuis. The mean result shall be ported for each form of relative density determined. the tite of which shall be quoted in full, In no circumstances shall the shortened ttle ‘elative density’ be used in relation to any valuce Quoted, The size of aggregate tested, and whether it had been araticially heated before the start of the test shall be stated. The values of relative density shall be reported to the nearest 0.01 and those for water absorption to the nearest 0.1 9 5.6 Alternative method for aggregate between 40 mm and 5 mm nominal size Asan alternative to the method described in $4 the relative density and water absorption of aggregate between 40 mmand 5 mm nominal si: may be determined by usine the apparatus described in BS 1881 forthe analysis of freshly mixed concrete ‘The method shall be as described in 5.3 sub- stituting the bucket for the wire basket, a 5.0 mm BS test sieve forthe 10.0 mm BS test sieve and ' stirring with a rod instead of jolting to remove air from the sample. 5.7 Method for determination af relative density of filler 5.2 Appararus.T required, S.7.1.1 4 $0. or 100 mi density bore $7.12 A smal funnel, $:7:1.3 4 balance of capacity 200 g. accurate to 0.001 e. 5.1.1.4 A tectum desiccator onda pump capable of reducing the pressure beiow SD mbar 5.1.1.5 4 weil vented oven, thermostatically vontrolied 19 maintain a temperature of 105 $.7.1.6 A water bath cupable of maintaining x temperature of 280.1 °C S.7.1.7 A sunniv of water tree trom any impurity: ‘ (e.g. dissolved air that would signiicanuly affect its density. If distiled or devonized water not available i suicient quantity. tap water which has been freshly boiled and cooled 1o room temperature may be used. This water shall be used throughout the test, 5.7.2 Dilaomerric gud, Preferably purified xylene, Redisilled kerosene kept overa dehydrating and deacidifving agent... Portland cement. may beused. Wien the filer is known not to react with water, then water may be used as the dlatometric liquid 5.7.3 Test procedure 5.73.1 Calibrevion of ensny hole. Weigh the density bottie and stooper. both of which shal be clean and dre, moss 4), Then fill the bottle with the water described in 7.1.7. immerse it nerty up to the top of is neck inthe water bath and ma {ain t For not less than 60 min at a temperature of 250.1 °C. Then inser the stopper. remove the 8 following apparatus is $76.$13.2 Determmarion Of rciattve density of dilatomenie guid. Using the proesan 198.7.3.1 determine the mass ofthe d er wnen filled with the dilatometne liquid tmass C). Bad Determnanon of reletveceney of filler. SIT ills for 4 hin the oven a tempo nee of lo Fusg2td Stomper tmass O). Then add sue, enemetrs liguid to cover te ile and helt senna, Release entrapped ar by swine ihe rama #5 contents afew liht taps on the enn aie then eradually subjecting the bottle ane ‘uced pressure ‘approximately ‘vacuum desiceator for a least 5 min. cedure tor releasine air until no of air appear, Then add cilarometric liquid ol the bottle nor lees it and Keep the bottle with conten fee ara is than 60 min in the waterbath conreiss contents mass £), 7.4 Calewlarions “relative density ofthe diatometic quid Cx4 a4 Relative density of the filler ass of stopper. density bottle and saver ig): Gist mASS of stopper, density botle and dlilatomettic liquid t2): Siisthe mass of stopper, density boule and fillerteys Z's the mass of stopper, density boule, filler ana dilatometric liquid 1g), To secarate determinations shall be made and than O02 peroteed. IP these cesuits difee by sore if Mean result shall be | asthe relative density "Ieberm i! Nimimo.1 kPa BS 812: Part 2:1975 § Determination of bulk dansity, voids and bulking 6.1 General. The meth Setermining the mass ofa sample line gs Of specified mass when seted in toluere ds emphasized that this testis intended for tes of different aggrezates, [tis employed. ie Value of the bulking ofan aperegate, Galetlated by the standard method ong uncompacted buik der Ef Stole. The sample for these ess shall be sian in aécordant® vith elause of Par: | oftrs Standard, j required: 53.161 4 extindricot metel conrainer compiving with the following reguirements capacity (this w container used) £32 Caliéretton. The container shall becalibrated by determining the mass of water a 05BS 812 : Part.2 : 1975 6 omen\ ‘moc ca maeconenr recente of) as specified n6.34.1 and 6.3.4.2. 6.3.4.1 Comnacted bulk density (not applicable to moist ine aeerecare\, Fil the container about one third full with the tnerougnly mixed aggregate by means of@ shovel or scoop. the aggregate being from a height not exceeding 30 mm 109 of the container, Take care to prevent. so far ass possib tion of the particle sizes of which the sample is comoosed. Then give the umber of compactive blows see table !) blow being given by allowing the tamcing rod to fall freely from a height of blows being evenly distributed 0 Add a furiner similar auanuity of egeree same manner end eve tne same numoer of blows Fill the container 1 overftowing. tama ut again with the seme pumeer of Blows, and remove the surplus aggregate ov rolling the tampine rod across and in contact with the top of the container, any aggregate wnich imoedes its progress beine removed by hanc. and'add ager obvious depressions. Fé mm acgregate ar smaller, the surface may ®” fuck off. using the tamping rod @s a straight-eoce. Then devermine the mass ol the aegres container. Make two testsand calculate the bulk density in kilograms per cubic metre using the calibrated volume determined as ym the mean of the two mate. 14.2 Crcomeacred buik density. To determine the ovensdry basis. determined in accordance with $3.54, $5 or 5.6: # isthe bulk density of oven-dry aggregate as determined in 6.3.4 compacted or uncompacted as required 6.3.6 Cafculation of bulking. In this test bulking is expressed as the increase in volume, as a perce of original volume. of a mass of fine aggregate whose moisture content is increased from the oven-ary condition to a test moisture content, Percentage bulking at test moisture content Af __H100= m1) too where ‘his ine uncompacted bulk density of oven-dry fine aggregate determined according 10 6.34: is tne uncompacted bulk density. as determined in accordance with 6.3.4, of fine apgrepate attest moisture conter Af isthe test moisture content on oven-dry basis in accordahce with 7.3. 6.3.7 Reporting of results. The bulk density shall be reported as the compacted or uncompacted bulk density in kilograms per cubic metre to the nearest |0kgim). The condition of the aggregate at the time of test shail be stated, ie. oven-dry. saturated and surface-dry. The percentage voids and the percentage buiking. if required. shall be reportea to the nearest whole number. ‘ose muse uncoenpacted blk density) carryout 6.4 Method for the determination of bulk density of the test as cescribed in 6.3.4.1) except that the files Iaardache comeac ng rod shall be omitted 6.3.5 Coicwiarion of vos. inthis test voids are $4 Dercentaze of the volume of the test 6.4.1 Apparatus andi materials. The following apparatus and materials are required. 6.4.1.1 4 50 ml elass sroppered measuring evlinder Soe eee eae geet about 200 mm long and 22 mm to 25 mm ners caleulated vohime ct the sgeregate: diameter. calibrated in millilitres and compiying a with BS,604, Table 1. Details of containers to be used for the bulk density tests Comma ot ional = sacar —_ | seat enn | sin — omane | ae | of metal int (om = nm fo | 3s0 soo 50 O.01s | 250 }.300 40 7 cor | 3e0 5 30 ooo; | 150 130 30 “Commer off fl ane 100 ganna sar eabeare™ ORDnG ohn ermmnom or ueama ran ot BS #12 sna be Cees o.comply wth these reuireMents.64.1.2 4 fatonce of capacity 100g, accurate to O01. 64.1.3 A neil ventiares oven, thermostatically controlied to mamtain a temoerature of 105+ 5°C. 6 14 A desiecetor, LS Ancivtical reavent erede toivene 6.4.2 Test procedure, Dry the filer for 4h in the oven at a temperature of 10S = $C and cool it 10 room temperature inthe desiccator. Weigh out 10 ¢ of the filer to an accuracy of ~0.01 gund put it ‘nto the measuring eviinder, then haif fill it with toluene previously dried over caleism chloride for not less inan 24h), storper and shake it until the filler is completely wetted. Then add more toluene ta brine the level to within approximately 40 mem from tne top of the evlincer and shake the cylinder sain, To bring the mbletely into suspension i the toluene before allowing it to settle, perform the following operation immediately after ihe last shaking, ylinder ana keep it that position i Bubote travels he lengin of the crlinger. Then ummedisicis return ito the upright Position. holding it ia thts position while the ait bubble returns t0 the top. Repeat this evele of Operations five times in rapid succession, imme: ‘ately after which stand the cv inder on a vibration- free suriace and leave 1 oh before reacine th 6.4.3 Calevlavions Bulk densi where Fis the butk volume cs determined above (ml) Three esterminations shail be mace. using 2 separate sample of fi itany of from the 6.4.4 Revortine of reswits. The mean value of the lites oF more results to tre nearest 0.1 g/ml shall be reported as the oulk density ofthe filler in toluene. 6.5 Method for the determination of roids of ry compacted filer 65.1 Apparatus. The following apparatus is requires 6.5.1.1 An epparctus of the torm shown in igure 3 compiying with the followin requiremencs shall be made throughout of steel and shall consist of the following. * (2) A hase of approximately the dimensions shown in Agure 3 (0) A cviinder 0f 25 = 1.0 mm internal diameter and 63.5 mm mernal depth. close at one end, Ist plunger of such diameser asta ide freely ‘9 the eviinder without iateral piay, provided with a hole of about 1.6 mm diameicr aiong its 3x15 t0 allow air toescace, and witha ercum- ferential groove about =m from its lower end BS 812 : Part_2 : 1975 0 accommodate any filler which works up the Side of the cylinder while in use. The mass of the plunger shail be 350=2¢, (9) Means sor raiser the evienier and dropping it freely between vertical guides from a height of 1000.25 mmon to the base. The total mass Stoppers on tothe base shall be 850 g t0 900 g, including the fi (1) Means jor readine the depth of the compacted filler in tne evlinger toan accuracy of 0.1 mm, Dimensions are in milimmecres NOTE. Asa temporary measure, apsaratus complying vnth the reauirements of BS £13:1967 inow withdrawn) shel te ‘deemea to comply wnh thes ecausresrene Figure 3. Filler comeaction agparatus ‘The apparatus shall be used dry, without lubricant on any part. During use the apparatus shall b& held op clamped frmiy on a rigid, level Support a position above the leg on firm bench 's recommended, 65.1.2 A boionce ofcasacrty 50, accurate ro O01.bi; 812 : Part_2:1975 f 65.1.3 4 weil venttied oven, thermostatically ceatrolled to mamuain a temperature of 105 5 65.14 A desiccator. 65.2 Test procedure. Dry the fillet for 4 hin the over at 1055 “Cand cool it to room temperature in the desiccator, about 10 g of the dried filler into the ction evlinder and distribute it uaiformiy inthe bottom of the cylinder by tapping gently on the bench. Insert the plunger and allow it to slige slowiy on to the filler. a Anger beine pressed onto al hole in the plunger to prever .on ofthe filler from the eylinder. Then apply pressure to the plunger so as to form the fille imo remove the the fille and wipe rom the plunger and sides of the the central hole in the plunger being 4 if necessary. Then re-insert the plunger and tne cylinder in position on the base, ‘hen snail be ciamped or otherwise firmly held on firm ievei surface free irom vioration or other sovement, Then raise the cvlinder with olungerin sition and allow it to fall freely through a vertical nt of 100 =0.25 mm on to the base. Drop the 100 times. allowing a pause of about | s ume before dropping. The plunger shail ain free to move in the cylinder throughout this eration. and to ensure this ease it frequently by sisuneitin the cylinder and. if necessary. remove and wipe it free of clogging Aller. After 100 impacts read the depth (d) of the smbacizd filler in millimetres, to an accuracy of Then dismantle the apparatus without offiler. anc wipe clean of any r. Then remove the filer forming acted bed and weigh 1t to an accuracy of ME gimass sf) ‘Cis the mass of filler bed (g): ‘ris the relauve density of 38.7 isthe deoth of compacted bed (mm): is the cross-sectional area of cylinder mm?), Three cete made using filer for each determination aiues differs by more than 0.01 1tne mean value, that resuit shail be discarded two further determinations made ' Revorune of resuits. The mean value of the “or more resuits shall be rerorted to the nearest {5132 vords of the dry compacted filler. ler decermined as 7. Determination of moisture content of eggrecate 7.1 General. Four methods are described for determining the moisture content of aggregates. The oven-drying methed providesa measure of the total water present ina sample of aggregate and is the standard procedure. This method is particularly appropriate when asinale sample of aggregate is reotived at 2 laboratory for test ‘The siphon-can and buoyancy methods can used to determine the moisture content relative to known conditions. They require the making of 4 preliminary test with a prepared sample of the aggregate to be tested and hence are more suited to regular testing of material froma paricular source as in quality control testing. The accuracy ofthese 1wo methods relies on the relative density ofthe aggregates in successive samples remaining constant. Both are suitable for 3 aggregates with a nominal size not exceeding 40 mm: r thezbuoyancy method is limited to the determin: auigr of moisture content by wet mass, ‘The modified drying method allows various techniques for drying appropriate to the need for speedy results, This method should be used only for control purposes where the tester is experienced rpretation of the tes result Itcan be usy 0 determine the total moisture content either | by‘dey mass or by wet mass. Where the water absorpuon of the particular aggregate is already known, this may be subtracted from the total moisture content to provide the free moisture content. Care should be taken when sampling aggregates forthe measurement of moisture content to ensure thatthe initial sample islarze enough to be ‘representative ofthe bulk material sampled and to prevent any significant change n moisture content occurring between the time of sampling and the time of tesung. Normally a single etermination of ‘ the moisture content of any one sample is adequate. 7.2 Sampling. The sample for these tests shall be taken in accordance with clause $of Part | of this standard. 7.3 Standard \ovensdrying) method 731 Apparatus. The following apparatus is required. T3L.1 A balance of adequate capaiity normally a balance of 3 kg capacity would be appropnate) accurate 100.5 g and of such a type as to permit the weighing of the container speaiied below. 73.1.2 Am airtight nan-corredible container of about 3kecapacny. 731.3 4 scoop (a convenient size is about 200 mm longand 120 mm wide). TBA A weiirensicted oven thermostatically controlled to mauntaina temperature of 105-45 °C.3.3.2 Sampie far test. The mass ofthe sample of aggregate to be tested shall be betwech 1.8 ke and 2.2 4g. Inshall be prepared taking the precautions pwenin 7 NOTE. The sizeof sample of fine segreestes may be fo rot ess nan S00 g provided weisnngsare mace ture salance of saecuate capacity and accurate 100.18, The ect samole of coarse aggresates witha nomical ‘xceesing el mm may need to be preter than the mas Seeciea to oermt accurate sempling: the balance we for Ine werenines snould be aecurate 100.05"? ofthe mass of 1.3.3 Test procecure. Clean the container, with its lid, dryit and then were it (mass 4). Then plac the samole in the container by means of the scoop, repiace the lid and re-weieh the whole (mass). Remove the lid. place the container and sampie in the oven and dry it at a temperature of 1085 °C for a seriod of I6 i to 24 h, Then remove the container and sampie from the oven, replace the lid and ailow tne whole to cool for 0.510 1h. after which weign again mass C), 7.34 Coleulauons. The moisture content shall be calculated as follows: Moisture content %% by dry mass) 7.35 Revortine of resuits, The moisture content shall be reported to the nearest 0.1", stating whether by dry mass or by wet mass. ry mass shall be reporte uniess the percentage ov wet mass 1s specifically ed. 4 Siohon-can method for aggregate not exceeding 40 mm nominal size TA. Aoporant. required, 7.4.1.1 4 sipiton-ean with the dimensions shown in figure 4. {t shall be watertight and of robust. construction. The rubber tubes on the ends of the siphon tubes shall be no longer than necessary to accommodate the screw clips, ‘TAd.2 Scales of at least 3 kg capacity, accurate to | g preterabiy with one pan consisting ofa scooo. TALL 4 2he werent (a Cull set of weights is not required), following apparatus is 7.4.1.4 4 500 mi measurine cvlinder complyine with the reautrements of BS 604. (A thick rubber ring placea round the top ofthe measuring elinder may help to orevent damage.) TALLS 4 metai stirring rode.e. with a diameter of 6.5 mm and 450 mm to S00 mm lone. sD BS 812 : Part.2 pre sy. Serre enon eae ree Dimensions are in milimetes NOTE. Asa temporary measure. apearatus comalying with the reaunrements of BS 812:1967 now witherawn hall be deemed 10 comply with thie requement. Figure 4. Siohor-ean .2 Calitration of siphon-can and measuring’ eplinder. The operation and calibration of the siphon-can shall be checked before itis put into use for the first time. and then periodically. and at any time thata new measuring cylinder isto Be used or there is reason to suspect that the siphon- can may have been damaged. The procedure shall beas follows, ‘The siphon-can and siphon tubes shail be washed ut: the tubes shall be allowed to drain and shall then be closed by screwing the clips tightly enough to prevent air. as well as water, from escaping. The siphon-can shill be placed on a firm benen protected from wind and rain and filled with clean \suter until the surface is above the highest point of the upper tube. ‘The measuring cylinder shail be prepared for recording the smount of water discharged into it by adding clean water. rinsing it over all the internal suriace. gouring out the water. standing the measuring cylinder on the bench for aoout 3 + ‘and pouring out any further water which has collected at the bottom. |BS 812.: Part:2 : 1975 ‘The upper siphon tue shall be opened and the ‘water siphoned off to waste, The lower siphon tube shall then be opened. the water being collected in the measuring cylinder. and the volume discharged (shail be recorded. estimating to the nearest Imi, The test shall be repeated a number of times to ensure that consistezt values of V arc obtaine: the average value of V shall be used in subsequent calculations. ij NOTE: Inconsutent values of Vare sometimes obtained if the esenare irom one or Sotho the siphon tubes fais slop eisaniy iachustment ef the angie eltheiaer end ofthe tube may overcome nis dficuty 7.3 Rouline procedure. Prepare the siphon-can and measuring cylinder for use as deserabed in the second and third paragraphs of 7.4.2 except that the sipnon-can shall be filed until the suriace is sighest point of the lower siphon tube st 12 mm below the inlet to the upper siphon tebe. Open the lower siphon tube and. discharge the water to waste: then close this tube . ‘Thisconaition aio atained by losin both esaftercomptcung 2 calibration test. h out to within +1 g akg sample of the te froma sample prepared taking the jons given in 7.1 and transfer it, without loss of agerecate parucles or moisture, to the siphon-can, Wet the stirring rod and allow excess water to drain off to waste. Then use it 10 stir the agereeate in the siphon-can, to temove any trapped bubbles of air. without damage to the siphon tubes and to draw any scum on the surface of the water from the 0 the sides. Allow excess water on the stirring rod to drain back into the siphon-can. ‘Open ine uoper siphon tube, collecting the water in the messuring cylinder, and record the volume dischare stumating to the nearest 1 ml. NOTE. 1f he wateraraun of is very lovey, the messunng Cylinder srould bestlowea so stand for a short te to allow ‘ne soles n suspension to seitieso that helevel ofthe lowest art of the meniscus can be observed. If, however, the thot tne menicus is known fom orewious experience. the levelof the lowest cart 7-27 be ssimated from the Poson of tne hrenest part, 1.44 Preliminare test procedure. Before the moisture content of the sampie can be calculated itis necessary to make a preliminary test on a nominally simtiar sample of known moisture content because of the effect of the relative density of the aggregate parucies on the vaiue of ., The procedure shail beas follows. Thoroughly mix a sample of atleast $ kg of the aggregate in its normai damp condition to ensure that 1s moisture content 1s uniform immedia before its to beused. Weith and test a 2ke sample of this materiai 2s described in 7.4.3 except that the volume of water cischarged shall be ‘As soon as possible after weighing the sample of aggregate for this test weigh a second 2 kg sample. Dry ito the condition appropriate to the basis o2 ‘which the moisture content is to be expressed: for ‘example. if the total water content of the aggregate isto be measured, dry the sample completely by the procedure given in 7.3.3 or if only the surface water s to be measured, dry the sample to the saturated, surface-dry condition. Transfer the dried sampie to the pan of the scales and add a measured ‘quanuity of water from the measuring cylinder 10 determine the voiume of water, x, estimated to the ‘nearest | mil. required to bring the combined mass of dried argregate and water to 2kg. ‘The constant for the particular aggregate and basis of expressing moisture content, v,, shall be calculated from the equation: is the volume of water discharged in the preliminary test (mal): vis the volume of water required to bring the ‘mass of dried aggregate to 2g (ml); Visthecalibration volume ofthe particular apparatus (mi). aN 7.45 Cafculations. The moisture contest stall be calculated as follows Moisture content (74 by dry mass) where is the volume of water discharged from the siphon-can in the test on the sample of unknown moisture content (ml); ys the constant for the particular aggregate. ‘obtained from the preliminary test (ml); Vis the calibration volume of the particular apparatus (mi). Alternatively, the moisture content shall be interpolated from tabie 2 or 3. z NOTE. The testmay be adapted forthe determination of the moisture content ofa combined samole of different graces of aggregate in te aroporons i which they are to De wed in practice. Aditional weights corresponding tothe mses of each grade nendea to make. total combined samoie of kg. will be required. Pretimirary and rounne tests sould bermade as normally, exceot thatthe sifferent grades of aggregate are wergned out seoarately (to within = 3g WHEE ‘he dtferent radesafe of nomraly the same riatve lena) aking the coarsest Hirt unt the otal combined samoie wevens 2kfsture content by dry mass (siphon-can method) 720 | 5 | 150 | 755 | TO] Tos] THO TH | 190] Tes | TO] 5 i tt mn 14] = coe les fice va = aes 20 001 ee alee a hs os} ee ial = pease im 2 a eae te eee 49) 29 = ae 45 2s = Ae a 28] Soe Oe = a ‘ Seca a ; = a f =|= qi ‘ J=|= au 2 | 0.0] — 3 Fa | oa} 00 ial + | 08} os 8 bed | 13) 08 a ‘8 utp 13 el i Ly 1a i a7) 14] 3.0) maa $4: 18] 3.4] = * 43] 39 om a 47} 43) oe 5) $2) 4.8] = jo) sa]. = = 61) 5.7) a = 6.6) 6.1 =i - 70] 6.61 -} si 1s] Tt ae = 40] 7.5) yond ae a5] 8.0) = = 90] 8.5, _ = 9.5} 9.0) esl = waa] 35 roe taal =e! — | 10.0! I= Ss = = = =S 812 : Part 2 :1975 Table 3. Values of moisture content by wat mass (siphon-can method) AY Vyas th [ro 13S 1750 | 735 | 780] 755 | 760 | 765 | 70 | 775 | 780] 785] 190 [eal lee fe ele = == (SSS 2 232 ei = fet sie asses = ahs ofa = ae = a = 00] — te = 4 | noes fee eel = 8} o4{ oo] — |= |= a ta! os oo] — | — Vel 12 a3] oo] — 20) 16 oa} os] co zl 29 12} oa} es ns 28] 24 16) 12] 08 “0 28 20} 16] 1, 03 32 24) 20} 1. 0 3.6; 29) 23} 2 at 4.0) 33] 29] 2 no 45 | Aa) 33} 2 Pe 49} 43] af aa] 33 uo 33 es} ai] 33] Ds $3] 3} 45) 43) a Mo el $3] 49) 4s] Lad 63 1) $3} 49) bad 691 otf $7] $2 42 os 73) 65] Gi] 58! 46 “ 1 63} 66] 6.2) $0 us al 73] 0] $a se "0 as | 78] 24! 70! se ts = a9] as} 22} 78) 741 62 {to = 93) 83) #5] 52) 781 st ) tas - 33] 93} so} 68] 231 TH to - 1.1} 9.8] 9.3] 90) 86) ww is - | 10.2) 9.8] 94} 94 ah) i a — |— | 102) 94] ost on} a7) a3 1 od _ — [— | — | 2] 99} os] on] ae te _ -f-l-J- 3} 9.9} 9.5} 9.2 jy = = }= [= |= |} 103} 100} 96 - =|2 [Sa 10.0fe na of AX H iy NE leoo 078) — -& 16 a8) coumersoise Dimencians are in mvilimetres tthone im oarenthest ate iypical values ony Figure 5. Buoyancy moisture meter 7.4.6 Reporting of results. The motsture content shall be reported to the nearest 0. 2 ‘whether by dry mass or by wet mass and the condition of dryness on which the resuit is based, ‘The percentage by dry mass shall be reported uniess ine percentage by wet mass ts specifically requestes, 7.5 Buoyancy method for aggregate not exceeding 4 mm noruinal size 1 Aptaratus. The following apparatus. one form ‘of whicnis shown in figure 5. is required. JS.L1 A beam éalance arranged so that when the wandled sample bucket 8. hung from one arm zl the weights pan being the heavier. The frst arm shall carry a rider and a notched scule reading from Oto l0in unit divisions and the balance shall be provided with a pointer and scale eraduated from — 1.0 to —I.0 in divisions of 0.1. The mass of the nder and the balance of the beam and pointer ‘hall be arranged im such a way that one rider Givision on the arm represents |, of the out-of- balance component. i. 10 g. and one division on the pointer seaig represents 0.|°, of the out‘ol- balance comporent. it. | ¢ NOTE. Theconaition of balance #sacnierea wen the "ystems imequiiorums win tne cer ana tne poner Doth {naieatine sero, The systems out of balance ov I hs =! g venen ine aeaition ef | kg to ine bucket suinenwon above {he waters required to eestore a condition of balance 1.5.1.2 A lone ranted bucket (B) made of corrosion resisting metal and of such massasto provide the out-of-balance condition described above. The bucket shall be 168 mm diameter atthe cop and 115 mm deep, having sloping sides ana 2 rounded botiom sos to avoid entrapping any air wien itis immersed in ater, The handle shall be desiened such that the volume of material immersed does nov change oy more than | ml when the pointer moves from - 1.010 —1.0 T.SAL3 4 short handled bucket A silat in shave ‘and dimensions te the long handled one and of such mass that when iis hung on the balance in olace of the long handled bucket itisclear of the water and the systert is again out-of-balaace by | ke. 7SsLe water rank with an overfiow outlet. sereened by batfle plate, near the top of the tank The tank shall be of sucha size that when it is full to the overflow and thé lone handled bucket is hung on the arm of the balance the bucket completely immersed. TSS One hailow counterpone with a screwed ciosure ior each type of aegrezate to be tested Esch counteroowse shall be approximately 0.5 ke in mass before beine aciusted by the addition of shot to suit the corresponcing segrecate: FS.16 a quanti of sot, up 100.5 ke for exch type ob eggtegace vb be tested 7.5.2 Calibration of vite nstrume. Cit is Gesited 10 use the apparatus to determine ine ire= morsiure conient ofthe aggregate. i. the amount of moistureBs e12: Part.2: 1975 in excess ofthat i the saturated suriacedry condition asa percentage of the wet mass. he Apparatus shall be calibrated using a saturated suriace-cry sample of the aggregate presared as follows Particles larger than 10 mm shal be dried by the method described in the fifth paragraph of 8.73 and particles 10 mm or smaller shall be dried by the method deseribed in the third paragraph of 85°31 itivis desired to use the apparatuste total morsture content as a pereentage of the wet mass. the apparatus shall be calioraved using an oven-dry sample of the aggregate prepared 3S deserbed in 73.3 When tne sample of azeregate has been prepared ip the appropriate condition, the short handed bucket A shall be suspended from the balance and prepared aggregate poured into it uni the beam balances. The long handled bucket B shall be approximately half illed with water and the sampic of aggregate im bucket A poured into it slowly. taking care to entrap as litle st as poses, Shall be and not more {haf half of i transferred to bucket Bas before The mixture of agarezate and water in bucker 8 shall be stirred vigorously until all enrapped air has been removed. Thegank shall be approximately half filled with wav’ tnd bucket B suspended from the balance, The tank shall then be filled with water until it overfions, the water Being poured in behind the baffle plate to avoid disturting the sample. Further aggregste shall then be wansferred from bucket to bucket B until the beam balances, Wh 3gereeate i being used this may necessitate Sdjustine the quantity of aggregate by addition 384 removal of individual partes until balance is otamnea, Assregate removed Irom buckes & uring this oroceaure shall be returned to bucket (A. But shall ist be dried to the prepared condition ‘Tits wet mass exceeds $2. When oven-dry aggregate is used for the Preliminary test the aggrezate in bucket B shall be left immersed for 20 mun and the quanity again adjusted so that balance 1s obtained. This procedure shall be repented until the system does not depart from baiaace in 20 min by more than 0.3% a¢ indicated by the pointer scale Bucket B shall then be removed {rom the balance and bucket A with the remaining aggregate shall be suspended from the balance. One of the counter. Potsesthall be placed in bucket A and shot added {01 until the beam balances. The mass of the ‘counterpoise is thus adiusted to suit the relative density of the particular aggregate and the basis of expressing moisture content. NOTE. ifthereative desity of theagsregate it prenouniy Known tne required mass ofthe counterporse may be salcuated as —| ig where dis the reaure denmty on = ‘saturated and surface-dried basiif fee mouture it ‘eauited or he apparent relative density if the toll moisture 8s Feauied. In general however, the practical austere sseribed above s preferable and docs not eauire an ordinary balance and tt of weights, 1.8.3 Test proceciure, Suspend the empty short handled bucket A from the balance and place the calibrated counterpoise on the scale pan. Then Pour aggregate irom a sample, prepared taking the Precautions given in 7.1, into bucket A until the beam balances, Where coarse aggregate is being used this may necessitate adjusting the quantity of aggregate by addition and removal of individual Particles unul balance is obtained. Approximately alf fil the tong handled bucket B with water and Pour the sampie of azgregate in bucket A into it Slowly taking care to entrapas little air as possible. Vigorously sti the mixture of aggregate and water ‘unt all entrapped air has been removed. Approximately half fill the tank with water and suspend bucket B from the balance, Then All the tank with water until it overfows. the water being Poured in behind the baffle plate to avoid Gisturbing the sample. Then remove the counter- poise from the scale pan and balance the beam by ‘moving the rider until the pointer is reading on the scale: Then read off the moisture cantent by wet ‘mass {rom the positions of the rider and the pointer. each division on the balance arm fepresenting 2 moisture content of | °% and each division on tne scale representing 0,1 7.5.4 Recorime of results. The moisture content shail be reported to the nearest 0.1%, stating that the moisture contents by wet mass. and stating the condition of dryness on which the results are based. 7.6 Modified érying method 7.6.1 Apparatus. The following apparatus is ied. 1 4 baiance of adequate capacity and accuracy of such a type as to permit weighing of the sample or the sample and the tray 7.6.1.2 A means of heating the somple, suchas 4 radiant heater of hotplate, 7.6.1.3 4 shellow tray. 7.6.1.4 4 spatula or other implement for suring sample during drying. @ s&s7.6.2 Sample tor test. The mass ot the sample at Aegregate 10 be tested shalt be chosen by the tester ‘having recara to the purpose tor whieh the resuit is Fcauited nd the conseauent need for the sample to be representative of a bulk quamity. Normally ‘2.mass of about | hy will be suntable tor coarse aggregates and U.5 ke ior ine aggregate, The samp) shall be prepared taking the precautions given in 7.1 7.6.3 Test procediure, Weigh the sample (mass 4. lace it im the tray and neat it, taking care to ensure that theag; Aot reach a temperature where splitting or decomoosition could occur. During heating stir the the spatula, to ensure e avoid loss of selid mater, When the sarspie ts considered to be dry weigh lt and record the muss. Then return to the tray. deat again for a further 3 min and reweigh it c ay ury when the ginmys does not BS 812 : Part.2 : 1975 0.1 ts of the ast recorded mass. Continue the evcles of heating and weighing until this condition is achieved and record the final mass as. mass 8, 7.644 Calculanons. The moisture content shall be calculated as follows, Moisture content (S, by dry mass) 100 Moisture content (*; by wet mass) i-8 1.6.8 Reporting of resuits. The moisture content Shall be reported to the nearest 0.1 %, stating whether by dry mass or wet mass. The pe by dry mass shall be reported Unless the percentage by wet mass is specifically’ requested, ¥ Appendix a Repeatability and reproducibility of test results } ALI General. The distribuion of results ol any test on any material stems froma number of con- tibuting factors and to allow for these factors in comparing resuits by the same test operator or ‘results by test operators working m different faborutories estimates of the distrioution are required. Such estumutesure gwen in this appendix togetner with ihe definition ut the terms Fepestabilits” and “reproducibility” wich are used tm assessing the distribution of test results. An sxcmple of the application oi the estimate ts ulso. sven. The values may iso be useful in setting. limits in soecificstions ior materials and in assessing the difference ceineen diferent materials, A.2 Definitions. For the purpoves of this appendix the followine cerinitionsusply value. Where resuits ure recorted ay a mean of wy OF mors determinations ine higures lor repeatability and reproducibiiity are bused on this mean valve. repeatability (7). Quanuiatne exoression of the random error associated with a ingle test operator ima given laboratory obtaining successive results with the same apparatus under constant onerating Conditions on identicut test materal. [tis defined as that dilereace between wo such single results és ‘sould be exceeded inthe long run in only one cate: in twenty'in the normal and correct operation of the test method For the purpoves of this standard the identical {est mistrial foe repeatability teste shal be bined by dividing a sample of twice* the amount require to obtain & singe test result bs the sample reduction procedure described in $2.4 oo Pat Hof ths sand reprooucbiity |, Quantitative expression of the fanuom error asuetated with test operators ‘sorkng in diferent laboratories. exch obtaining single results on wentcal test material when apply- ing te same method. It's defined as that diference betwcen neo such singe sind independent resuts a6 ‘sould be exceeded inthe long rum in only one ease im twenty in the normal and correct operation of the test method. For the puro of this standard the identical ‘est material shal be obtained by first dividing 3 sample twice" the amount required 10 obtain singe test reutt nto wo equal portions. one fet laboratory ad then, where appropriate ach ‘aboratory shal ede exch portion tothe amount ‘quired for sinele determinations by the ample ‘eduction procedure described in $3.4 Part | of this standard tue MERIC Rate. HMO Fa K sald he bated un a treed/ 45 812 : Part.2 : 1975 estimate of single-operator ration’ within a laboratory. dard deviation* 2pplicable to all bility other than repeatadiliy of operators in reproducibility for the tests in this standard for sshien figures ate at present available. These vaiues in tne normal run of tesung within and between Inboratones respectively At Am example of the application of estimates. | laboratory purchases secondhand equipment ior the polished-stone vaiue d=termination und wishes to reassure itself that its echn:que and equipment are satisfactory. {t prepares 2 number of identical sup samples froma large sarnole of aggregate and tests two of them obtarning results of 61 and 64 respectively. Because the difference between the results (3 units) is less than the repeatability of the test (4.9) the laboratory has no reason to doubt the: consistency of its testing. However. his eves no guarantee that its equipment is satisaetory or that its technique has no bias. Therefore two more of the identical samples are sent to another laboratory rst which obtains values of F the two laboratories are ducibility of the test (6.0) and there would be no cause for concern. but the difierence should be 60 compared with Cy7a4.2 because the values of bility (and repeatability) for the means of inversely proportional to the square root ofthe number of tests used to derive the mean. 1t ccan be seen that the difference siighily exceeds the feproducibility figure calculated above and hence jurther investigation is necessary to establish the ‘cause of the discrepancy. This could be the | in 20 ‘case, the sample subdivision may not have produced identical sub samples or the results produced by the second laboratory may not be correct. Where _Bisheck of the apparatus and procedure does not weal anything incorrect itis recommended that reproduc’ results a ‘{urther co-operative tests be arranged with “additional laboratories. ‘Tabled. Estimates of the repeatability and reproducibility of a number of tests for aggreaates asa Tet Part member | Repeatability r Reneoduciilty & ve censity (wire basket method | saturated suriace-dried basis) 2 Most aggregates 0.02 04 Some porous aggregates of low density (<2.60) up to 0.04 up to 0.08 Water absorption i 5% of value recorded | 10% of value recorded Bulk density 5 10 kgm? 20 kerm> Aggregate impact value 3 10 20 ggregate crushing value a Os Ls ‘Ten per cent fines value 3 TKN 14kN gait zbrasion value 3 Ist. 3ot stone value 3 49 bot “Stanaara cenation defined im 85 2886 + Bnd on ine 1967 fevinon of the tert: mdiieatons in tne sresent revinon snould lower ese fieures, See trate