7 Gondhora An ancient kingdom in Pakistan In northern Pakistan there was an ancient kingdom called Gandhara. Its main city, Taxila, was on an old road. This was a track that went through river valleys and high mountain passes. People came from far away on this road carrying goods to trade. eee The old road. is old. road thet traders tbe soe yrs © Map of the Silt Rood This road was part of the ancient Silk Road. It got its name because traders from China brought silk along it. The traders could go along the Silk Road to the sea. Then they could sail to Persia (now Iran), Mesopotamia (now mostly Iraq), and Egypt. They bought other things there to sell back home. & Why do you think the silk traders used the same route every time? Talk about it in class.bebebebbbebbboebLoebod Wote the ansivers in your notebook. Find. the words on page 72 and complete the sentences. 1A vary old. kingeorn in rortham Pakistan 2. The rove that sk traders from China folowed a. High places were routes. go through rnourtains «Low lands: where rivers flow beiveen mountains The ancient city of Taxila The old city of Taxila is made up of three cities. They were built at different times. Archaeologists have found the remains of ancient buildings there. Some of the buildings are stupas. For a Long time the people of Gandhara were Buddhists. Many centuries later they became Muslims. There are Buddhist monasteries around Taxila. The monastery at Jaulian was built about 2500 years ago. A stupa is a holy building for Buddhists. Their first leader was the Buddha. Stupa means ‘heap’. The first stupas were heaps of clay. After the Buddha died some of his ashes were buried in stupas.STEAM a y A monastery is a place where monks live and work. Monks are religious men who devote their lives to their faith. pay notebook words: Wate the meanings of these 0 1. monk. The Bkdlis ronas ae You cam see the ble 2, Buddhist roorns where each ro and studied. 3. stupa Thee rooms had a tiny me uth vo alas. 1. monastery Peshawar Peshawar was an important city in the kingdom of Gandhara. It was King Kanishka’s capital city. He ruled parts of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India around 2000 years ago. King Kanishka was a Buddhist. He wanted his people to be Buddhists. So he built an enormous stupa at Uhre Mise sh Pek Peshawar, It is now a ruin. she soe fv Ged aaa SNa We know about the stupa from Chinese visitors who wrote about it some 1400 years ago. re Gandhara was part of King found this cashet i ‘s ki buried of the Kanishka’s kingdom. fel dt He had coins made with his picture ipa I had on one side. On the other side was sonar pots n : 1h bn thom wore a picture of the Buddha. snc of Bats bones. 63 ee FACT! The excavation at Gor Khate in Peshowrar Peshawar is one of the oldest living cities in Asia. People have lived there for more than 2000 years. The excavation at Gor Khatri is the biggest and deepest in the world.SBOP EH SO aE AMER EO ERT Buddhism Prince Siddhartha Gautama was born about 2500 years ago in Nepal. When he grew up he left his palace and all his riches and lived Uke a poor man. He saw people who were poor, ill, hungry, and dying. For a long time he sat under a tree in a quiet garden. He thought about why people suffer these things. ‘Then he went out to teach people his ideas. He said that we suffer because people are greedy. If everyone stopped being greedy there would be no more suffering. Many people listened to him. They called him ‘The Buddha’. Buddha means enlightened’ (knowing all). These people were the first Buddhists. doing? 62 Ashe of the Baa from Gondbera 1S this picture shows Prince Siddhartha Gautama leaving his palace. ‘What do you think the people areESL Te TE LETS Gandhara art Carved pictures, statues, and other art from Gandhara are famous all over the world. The Museum of Peshawar and the Museum of Pakistan have many of these. Gandhara art looks like a mixture of Indian and Ancient Greek because Greeks had settled in Gandhara. The first Greek leader to come was Alexander the Great, about 2400 years ago. A Greek king named Demetrius built the city of Sirkap, near Taxila, about 2000 years ago. The streets in Sirkap are set out like a grid— like Ancient Greek cities. eoesesbuua Write the answers in your notebook. 1. The art and buildings of Gandara ore a mivture of Indian ond 2. This is becouse had sdtled in Gandara in ance times. O This statue of the Buddha from Gandara iso the Peshewer Museu is a symbol of Buddhism. long robes eve Uke the ones on Avcont Gree: sets Some parts of this structure look like Indian temples and other parts look like Ancient Greek buildings. © The runs of the anced chy of Srhop 61What have I learned about Gandhara? Boy Facteyy. Gondhara was an ancient kingdom in Pakistan. ‘An important trade road went through it. Silk traders from China used this road, so it was named the silk Road. The ancient people of Gandhara were Buddhists. Islam came much later. Ancient Greeks invaded Gandhara. This is why a lot of Gandhara art looks a bit like Ancient Greek art. © © ee © A view of the ancent chy of Tals Write the answers in your notebook. ‘A. Copy the puzzle. Read the clues and fill in the answers. Write one letter in each square. Some Letters have been put in for you. If you get the answers right the coloured column will spell the name of an ancient Gandhara city. |. a building to show things from history mi _|sle| |M 2, the main city of Gandhara 3. a building where monks live 4, a word that means ‘from Greece’ 5. King Kanishka’s capital city 6. a holy building for Buddhists B. Make up a puzzle for a friend. Use these words as answers. Write clues for them: See if you can think of a word for the coloured column. ‘monk Buddhist Silk Road ancient