JAGANNATH BAROOAH COLLEGE

ARTICLE REVIEW ON EQUITY AND EQUALITY IN

HEALTH AND HEALTHCARE

SUBMITTED BY- SUBMITTED TO: -

SHARMISTHA NATH PROBENSON TERANG

ROLL NO- 2021379 DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS

BA 5th SEMESTER

A.J. Culyer
Department of Economics and Related Studies, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
Adam Wagstaff
School of Social Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
Received August 1992, final version received March 1993

Article Review:
In this paper we discuss something about equity and equality and the different definition of equity. Generally
definition of equity and equality are - equity recognizes that each person has different circumstances and allocates
the exact resources and opportunities needed to reach an equal outcome. Equality means each individual or group
of people is given the same resources or opportunities.

INTRODUCTION:
To seeing the inequalities in the healthcare services equity become a important policy objective in the healthcare
field in between the policy makers. For explaining this topic we follow the footsteps of Mooney and Le Grand. They
identify four definitions in this regard of healthcare provision. They are - 1. Equality of expenditure per capita.

2. Distribution according to need.

3. Equality of access.

4. Equality of health.

The main objective of this paper is explore the compatibility of four definition.

Now we going to express briefly about definition 2. Distribution according to need and 3. Equity of access.

2. DISTRIBUTION ACCORDING TO NEED:

In this definition here they focus on healthcare services according to 'need' . In this concept they divided this
principle into two parts - a horizontal version ( person in equal need should be treated the same) a vertical version
( person with greater needs should be treated more favourably than those with lesser needs)

2.1 : NEED AS A INITIAL HEALTH: This is universally known that when we sick, in this time we need health care but
when someone see that no technology is available for improving their health at that time they need medical
Research, comfort etc.

2.2: NEED AS A CAPACITY TO BENIFIT:

Any organization can only be needed insofar as it the basic condition for ultimate goal achieve and the goal itself is
meritorious enough to justify the use of so persuasive a term as ' need' rather than mere preference.
2.3: NEED AS AN EXPENDITURE A PERSON OUGHT TO HAVE:
The definition of need in regard to equality has two sense - a technical sense and another one normative sense.
Technical sense health care is said to be needed so long as it has a positive marginal product and no other
comparatively productive means of improvement health exist. In the normative sense one could perfect easily dery
that productive health care is actually needed, simply because society look the view that the person in question
ought not to have it.

2.4: NEED AS EXPENDATURE REQUIRED TO ENHAUST CAPACITY TO BENIFIT: For increasing benefit we must
improve the expenditure on benefit. Zero expenditure zero benefit.

3. EQUALITY OF ACCESS:
Access of healthcare is similar for everyone but the need of healthcare is different to person to person.

3.1: ACCESS AS UTILIZATION Many writers use the term access and utilisation in the same way. Many Researchers
said that equality of access for equal needs.

3.2: ACCESS AS THE COST INCURRING IN RECEIVING HEALTHCARE: Health care depends on cost of both money
and time and also benefit receiving from health care

In this diagram we taken health care expenditure of two individual son X axis and Y axis taken expenditure of two
individuals in other goods. Two individuals with the same budget constraint 48 (and therefore the same access)
would clearly choose different amounts of health care if their indifference curves differ. The conclusion would be
unaffected by the introduction of a time constraint: there is no reason why two individuals with the same budget line
and the same time constraint should end up choosing the same quantity of health care

3.3: ACCESS AS MAXIMUM ATTAINABLE CONSUMPTION:

Two individuals facing the same price of healthcare would enjoy the same access even if they had no income, which
seems absurd.
3.4: ACCESS AS FORGONE UTILITY:
In this concept based on measure the costs of healthcare consumption in utility term rather than monetary term.
Here research focus on to express that price of the product for poor reduce still there income is equal to rich.

CONCLUSION:
In this regard explanation we discuss about the distribution of healthcare equality of health is the necessary
condition for equality of flourishing. In this case we generally say that demand for healthcare is a derived demand
from the equity of health. Equality of health is a preferable equity goal become equality of Marginal product for
equal needs but equity focus on resource allocation in proportion to different needs.