EXPLANATION FoR FORMATION OF CATHODE RAYS , very puirute, lL | by CATHODE. Since, alt gases ftoumect coufwocte Hays 20 alt atoms howe olections. The Qa in olixchanged jae Consist of atom| Gunencrepisties OF ELECTZONS 3 Relatine Mass =| i E I 1840 @)] Aeclil Moss = 9x 10-7? grnn ; (3) ebctine, Ononge = — a dotultichante L:6 x Jou? (Gsteimb) C of negating charge - DISOVERY OF PRoToN 3 Formation eo) Capone says conchucled peor emcee bub because om ole is wewthol go ut E : Titel. [ ExpLAINATION oF FORMATION) oF AANODE ays or ge en len oh ANODE RAYS were olso called CANAL RAYS an Hee. _ passed \ureugh perherated walls or _conal of, | Coltrode. . as PROTONS = 9b is pouiiowelys charged] particle _ pact in nucleus of all Olemns oh ol elements. is CHARACTERISTICS | OF PROTONS |= @)) Revatine Moss = Iu on Absolde Moss = 16% Be Gm Relative chonge = | i Mogolute, chokge =| xlo Cop partie onargs . Discovery OF NEUTRON =) oY “potions. Vas elechios in negtigible, so ars ! orn a mEs2 of Corpor) dp [nu 96 means “here must lee seme otrer particle Which id cus heauep Os prsten , 20 eatter Chadwick conclucted that” sub otemic porticleoinanoroRisTics< OF NEUTRON > @) @) An _otoni is hegative G) Tap model ofan FE ja milan te Wa ot, ! nepreserts posite change. 79a — e — | Howolute, 2 dang =O a [ Steuerore. OF AToM = AYLON cis covery ect ond pratens Wy Mecomme necessary fo Lind, cus [nour there pardicler (ye arranged iowicle tou, ze + | THOMSoN's MobEL OF ATOM — According t this model, (3) an atom fanless ophare of pains. charge. | negatively charged glection> ornbedoled in U Veulal po posdime aa axe eed iy magnitude. SOND tego, 1p spsevicak pe St is alin Similar t wateumelen were red po FAILURE OF THOMSON? MopEL ~ He Could erephaiun xeaustts of, various th carve out by ether scientis&s Lee, Ratner Pord’s | expere unenk. . ALPHA PARTICLES i= These are _posively charge" : 4 Me change Or 4 unity moss. Adee! 1 oe Holuwn dens. | ouncl noue. a uclio active Caen: Taesy arn. emitted ly a elPike nadum and polonium. Que Forp's ALPHA PARTICLE SCATTERING EXPERIM= ENT = Ruiner Jord bombarded fpat mowng Atpho. 3 J UO cur i [Conciision 3 9b meas Hab tere Ask Of empty 2) A yew Alpha particles were cebtectid from +e) ee onde . rir ae shows Yak there ipo. center af rcegech Blphi pobletts pam er! wigirol poy . Tain_conky_ib_Jenous oe nuclenn. A_ueru4 bud Mpha jorilictes + seloouaic Dingle gold fel anc ned tock ne ae Se ato CNUWSION ? Thin shouw Val pucleus in yor lense ee ee | womer fopp's wucLeAg Moper OF ATOM = ste got Ha tuedel on tee eatin of Min: exporienent NO follousing, There in rl" hang in tates Noadlu AU masse oh an otemae ee | Fecteens neunlue onvotndl He, neuters in, > ktrcnles 7 (| sing ob op nauslone ue ss. ae i ee fe sige of, an Beanpot Of QUTHER FORD'S Mobe, OF ATom ‘- | coud wot shod Aowr atom. su, ee cet Vaccolerttiin . During acceleration changed ~ | particle would ¢ nergy . Ths seeuduy; | checlimn would) pooae enceegn, curd if stout) ee ee eal one. Wolote.— ‘ g BOHR MODEL a ATOM — Qn orden to puerceme Hojechion agaunal Ruth | Ford’s model a at Bis pucdel Of, arn _YT oold can be made _o. ond | fai wed by kudbor ford par one Kousand atoms rice. () | ATomMic NUMpER = Number ot probens in the. yey is kandi neucleus tbo wice a Fe _ pensar 20 Olemic wumbser Of nerlral Bl in la tga fauna eck Meniic numetr of, on etemont oo —6 an dome t.e, no 2 eemenfa com __ hane, Same wintie nuobbes { TT Uaee at ae of prolens t (Vo 4 sof ywordFion, OR on i equol to taal number Mabe 4) Proto. a Nuudeors (peut insicle weteleueSeniaedor) — Moss number oben ols clap wes a tonicn | Wass . | Mase Number = No. of protons + nentrens Moss rammlsN Mobs Neutron = lw Rien yoyo = No.of ppyolon x) No. wewtior - Bui fitab maka of fast and nen yk Mase number = macs Of prrstin + No - neiRULES for ELECTRONIC ConE VoheaTiono Rohr _cuncl. Gury gare Q@_ Scheme, ateoroliv Sh_which, = ; @)F mace tron 8. ) flectums jn Os lem clo n0® oceuoy (quite shells VALENCE ELECTRONS =) (ie Oey inner | Dowue Cunenge thon Glee win 6) obey | \NERTNEss Of NoBLE GASES 2 ___Noktes gaves clo nab 15 tales part ino. chemical neactien? So Bey [Fo rane 8 ced in outer pus ghetl is called ( Cores | 6. \ | To drome 2 clectaon, in ouler ruouh KK sel ia } called © pypLeT ; CAvs e B MIC) ACTION 2= l OL yanious olements arte unstable because terns Wey rdue. ancenapleequken rev shell to Bex [dbl wily one anoker tp allan stable electron arrangement. They ole So ty 3 vous +| RELATIONS BETWEEN). VALENCY f4VP [ovolence cleetievs, or equal 4s 8 = Yume Valence clep \ _ TYPES OF VaLeNcy @) ElEcTRO VALENCY => No. of ehections tout Os quitle: . buy an aber Cement fo ochiene peo: | werk oan BY 0 vacenoy = No.) ER elections ‘hovel oun ofem ef oun Clemart Lo IE | Gos compugencthinde, si :a 7 Tomic| ELECTeONIC.. VALENCE| VALency| TYRE of oF ph Cone uguenTay ELECTRon vacenor || ELENNENT 2 t p + Bit, ! Non mela! K = 2 2 te De oO | Noble. gas _ ely 20's a 1 Blech Wakn, Mekod 7 aes Z Z lElectro__| metal me Pes | Ss 3 Eledro | metal en | 6 5 4 4 _@ ey Non Mekad, aN itrogn| 1 | Es 5 2 | Non Metal, mae. (Sa 6 2 Sie [Non Mera mea | 4 = | 2 | Bott | Nem Metall 10 KB gy! a oO Z |_ Noble gas iS Yaw Abs A Electro | Metal SES ze 2 | Electro | Metab Ie Blase." Bho Bi Electvo _ Metob ib ! 55 he 4 ADIN G Valens Nonmetal ious A 3 | Boh 7 Non Netod Io [53% 6 2 | Roth Neu Melos eo) eR | be a Bary ben Metod Neue | eset, 8 ° =f Noble qos aq [BERN A A | electro eee 20 | kao 2m 2 Blectro | MekoL : patente ELECT pO} gate i | & + | VALENCY ¢ AM £23 ee per hbr ! v L Non 3 rE Metals only Metal Noble Only Lose. Share Gas Goin & Shavedsorepes i= Thee Hn. Same clement hrauing. i oth moss — Some otemic, nuurber hut cbishererit mos Puynbey,. ptarti Seolipen of On clement Dawe SanneHouse aif Mess Wo: ee howe Obfp s | ree ewtion ruamnboe sr. J Tsorores of HypeogeN += a 7H 3H Centum) Coeuterinrm) —_" Ceaiuen) No. 64 protens = zal ar No-ofeteCtons = | ae 2] Nb. Oh hgution = © = ai Sip )SOTOPES OF CARBON se 6 ~ (e=12) Cc-14) = bj 34 aw =A = 6 =8 Pi cieone conbugarodion pansies ee 4, NoLepce electhonts so _Jnaue ny ae OF pn ELEMENT. “HAVE ch: ecowse, Shey Seal 2 on Wako aire Since _ynordses Of Jsofoped of, Bic org so they frame d properties r Line melting pont, density” obo.SS[in egrent A has 2. setae welGuaene - 18. Ain_ausero-ge moss 4s 16-2 - Find Y. OT cacavice det me / be = he det olher |). le = Oo -7e 6:2 =) 6 abe ay LgGoo- %) [oo [oo GuiTis) [6ioege Fao oes 18% M [oo 1620 = lox +) sofia ~ 18 |620- 180 = “lox -/8x -|80 = ~ C G emmnutthed owe of 3 typ = ALPHA PARTICLES BETA PARTICLES GAMMB RAYS. (4) l Appluckons Radio ddlwe ietepes Used ab feel in nuclear seacter 46_geverake | clectriciky’ (U- 238). (2)BB Weck o% Piocen in medicine 16 detect presence. | of, Tmo Consenin 24) ourcl bloc lotr | Godinuy = 24) G) | Used f detoonine axtiviby Of figrddle gland 4» fretting, geile, Clecliane -131) *ao) ee | wel Jw, Kaendment of cancer 10, os Nee 60) Useck 16 dletect Jenkage in _undlergreuncl 4, pipelines, woke pipes be oa inctexstrien , “| Js0@ngs = Atoms of different elements trouiy “dilnent atomic ywumber bub sume. MOSS | hil [table B= dg loin E PRACTICE QUESTIONS -— T _No- of, newtions protiens ancl clecbiens wa ee eens 0 LOU: EeMENTS | NEV Keo nl LECT Roy [es As. N 18 IT eo 35 4 AB seis s Po ‘1s b 22 a 18 a Foss aol 30 \_ le | Which of Wear ane iaotbpes - bic ON BLE GASES 1 Whiche of Yiese, ore @hien ond anien? pe Neko => AC, Pp D Xpriser Abn? i, 1817 | Mabs no. 236, 4o, 37 : A &D axe 4totpes becouse heir ater’ | yun, 46 Game, bub some prora. ,C in noleke, 8 io on al E is ANION . ELEMENTS beets nant | Bet eon 6 a cf 4 ® 16 ar 18 C J 20 ' Af Bb Gg lo II Gi (aligpare HSis 4)5? aS Wich, Of reser ore |SOTOPES Which Of Hreag, caw CaTiom, ANION S, Noble gas Nwhoy > 6B, CLE ft. vo. = 1B > Neel Moss wo. =) Yo, 37, 36 lsoTORES one Cand E. Bn den Alt? contains |0 elechens ancl |4 newliens. wohl ia it's atomic number ond mors wo ©] UU _& founed doy loss of | ee | $o Aw newtroL otem no. of | Migmio wo Nel ep yprativa = = No: of il | 12 =13=)3 (| | Mase numloer = 13 tly lt zee Qe)il jon han 3 fa=5y (S{) Fe- 56 (Fo) Pe- 61061.) - Fired conenege, ater InGbes« i | Gus) Average, Wass a ee = SY KS + S6%99) + 5), | \oo __ leo / | Ze | = 210 + Sougeres 255 _ ra 180 loo Joo se 270 + SoWa+28S oa loo | mM = SGUG 146) 100) | = 55-96 i Yao Q ey ge ViRIOBLE VALENCY if | Mone Hrcun 4 ny 2s collee|§ Vaxaotole. Sray 4 Vollemery. fa > VoxinJeee, valency +’43/ \soTopes 22 SY Zz, ELEMENTS (1)) Atomic po. Of X = SG Peace’ as | \Bknw= 3 GI Biimic wo. gy = 8 [ee = 2,0 | Valenty= 2 Cid wemic no a2 = 15 | ec = 286 | Valeng= 2 27 Rolin of _saclws Of dudrwgen afm and xadius Oh Sh nucseur id sae ee apperical. , whab pill lee yoko ok’ ein sigen onl 4 oteyn ite plonab cont site. activa 6.4 xJo&m febindle Yo sine Of olem fuleus ? ! fet rodkur of yyicteus fi radiuy Of abomn = JoF a. Volume Of nucletun = 4 a3 [ Vetume of otem = 4. t (o%)Y o & el ol arenes Quoc, Jlrs a 3a des Ossumeal te ewt& Wir vi Vodus % y x lo&m Hen naoius Of nucleus = roolins a 3 HR fe - X Jo' = - 64m