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  • Hilary Rose, Steven Rose - Science and Society (Pelican) - Penguin Books LTD (1970)

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    Luis Fernando Erazo
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    Hilary Rose, Steven Rose - Science and Society (Pelican)-Penguin Books Ltd (1970)

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    9 views158 pages

    Hilary Rose, Steven Rose - Science and Society (Pelican) - Penguin Books LTD (1970)

    Uploaded by

    Luis Fernando Erazo

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 158
    published by Penguin Books “So important that no one can afford to neglect . Fe Woec diecina ean nchnoogien Ss [eploranat xii, erd sduoaton ‘omer cience poesia tearriiasmerest : Beer apsncsain tas ook sonata and Society is no one’ - Guardian Ina study which invites comparison with Hilary Rose and J.D, Barnal's The Social Function of Science Steven Rose (published before zhe bomb or the cracking of the genetic code), a biochemist and a sociologist attack the notion that science, like fate, is ‘an unpredictable act of gods in white oats’ Since itis the product of certain men in certain societies, it can be controlled. In their ‘opening chapters they recount the history of science in its relations with society from the founding of the Royal Sociaty to the post - war records of Conservative and Labour ‘gevernments. For comparison they add Chapters on the position in America, Russia, ‘and other countries, and on the functions of international bodies (from Pugwash to UNESCO). This book is recommended by New Scientist as ‘a helpful starting-pvint ... for the students of the forthcoming Open University’ in ‘approaching the question of how science can be atfectively harnessed for the good ot all people. The cove sped by Germano Facet, incorpora fagaical engraving The Open Univeraty Foundation Course | aited Kingdom £1.00 Ne Zeoand 3.25 Science: Geral esa 88.25 ssano1s, USA 825 i278 Penguin Books ted, Harmoadonerth, Midd, Erland Proguin Books Ine, 710 Ambanador Road, Batis Maryland 21207, USA ‘esa Hook Atala Ringo, ‘engin Boks Camda Ld A Stodente Road Wes, ‘en Boks (02) El 12-190 Wan Ron, inc plied Alen Lan The Pn Pe 1 Cope Diy Rowand Steven Rove, 1969 {Richard Cay (The Chaser Pre) Ld, Sein Movotpe Tins “Tis books sold subject 10 the condition that resol, ied out, or otereis ated witout ‘ding or cover other shan tha fe whch te Diblhed an wiht ser conaon Fcuding tis coaien beng tose on te ‘snoen puchaee ‘To the memory of both our fathers Contents Acknowledgements ix Introduction. xi 1 The Rise ofthe Scientife Society 1 2 Amateurs and Gentlemen: Britain in the Nineteenth Century 16 3. TheChemists' War 37 4. ThePhysists' War 58 5. The Aftermath: Science andthe End of Empire 72 6 TheNew Britain? 94 7. Science in Western Europe 131 8 America, Russa andthe Third World 150 9 International Science 179 10 International Gaps and Dra M1 Ciitera for Choice 210 12 Decisions: Megamouse and CERN, 219 13. Science and Society 240 198 Bibliography and References 273 Index. 287 Acknowledgements It is always hard to list comprehensively all those whose influence has been felt in the gestation of a book. Still more is this the ease when, as now, an attempt has been made to synthesize material from any sourees and diferent disciplines and, as with this book, its writing has occupied us, on and off, for several years. Our erst in this area, our belief that it was important to analyse the intertelations of scence technology and society, perhaps began a a response tothe writings of those physicists who confronted the moral and politica dilemmas posed by the Bomb. But while the intellectual evolution ofthe book from that poiat is our own, our thinking on many points has been erysalized by informal dis- cussions, seminars and mectings. Amongst these, in parcula we would like to mention talks with Anthony Wedgwood Bean, Jeremy Bray, Erie Buthop, Ritchie Calder, Tam Dalyel, Alexander King and Tony Swain. Francis Aprahamian and Gary Wersky sade unpublished material availabe tous. We have pursued hares started at seminars arranged by the Higher Education Group at LSE, by the Science of Science Foundation in London, the Science Studies Unit in Edinburgh, the Science Policy Research Unitin Sussex and the American Astociation for the Advancement of Sclencein New York.Itisparticularlyappropritethat the book ‘was completed in thelight ofthe steady stream of discussion meet- {ngs and each-ns that havefollowed the Bernal Library Conference on Chenscal and Biological Warfare in 1968 and the subsequent tstablishment of the Brish Society for Social Responsibility in Science, In addition, and especially, we would ike to thank those ie Acknowledgements friends and colleagues who have read and commented on various drafts and sections of the book, Desmond Bernal, Christopher Freeman, Dennis Simms, Leslie Sklair and Tony Swain, We thank, ‘00, Minerva for permission to use material ‘Operation Mega ‘mouse’ of which an earlier version appeared there, and Derek de. Solla Price forthe use of Figure 2. Dick Pountain and Elizabeth Singh have at various times helped with the collection of data. Finally, Simon and Ben Rose have patiently borne the brunt of parental distraction at those times when dislectical discourse has not run truly smooth. ‘None ofthese ofcourse is in any way responsible for errors and ‘misinterpretations that may remain; they are ours alone ~ even if ‘we ourselves will no doubt continue to discuss which of our faults twas. August 1969 BR. SR. “The year between the hardback and paperback editions of this ‘book has seen the rapid development of the ‘science and society” debate, whose participants have ranged from government science advisers through the television programme Doomivatch to the critiques generated by the radical students. It is encouraging to see the emergence of several university and technical college courses which discuss these issues, in some cases, asin the Open ‘University, integrated into the science course itself. We have taken the oppoctunity of this paperback edition to correct one of two errors which had crept into the hardbeck (hanks are due to those who pointed them out to us) and to add an updating footnote on developments in British science policy since 1969 at the end of Chapter 6. June 1970 HR, SR. Introduction +. Thereby swear and afirm. Affirm. On my ... Honour? By my belief. My belief in... in. the technological revolution, the pres- ‘sing, growing, pressing urgent need for more and more sclentsts, and more scientists, for more and more schools and aniversities and ‘universities and schools, the theme of change, realistic decisions based on a highly developed and professional study of society by people who really know thelr subject, the overdue need for us 10 ‘adapt ourselves to diferent conditions, the theme and challenge of ‘suchrapid change, change, rapid change. Inthe ninty-sevenper cen, ninety-seven, of al the scientists who have ever lived i the history of the world since the days of Euclid, Pythagoras and Archimedes. Who, ‘who are alive and at work today, today, now, at this time, in the inevitability of automation... Bl Maliand in John Osborne's Znadmssible Evidence _Ahundred years ago a speech by ay public figure was incomplete ‘without careful zeference to at least one member of the trinity of ‘Chureh, Queen and Nation. Today a similar speech demands atthe {east its ritual bow in the direction of that indivisible pair: Science and Technology. No political manifesto, company chairman's, ‘annual report or novelists reflections on the state ofthe times ean afford to omit from its repertoire some passage aimed at science oF the scientist. It can be argued that the rise in importance of the scientists and their activities has made them into a new Estate of the Realm. Certainly the extent to which scientific and techno logical developments dominate public consciousness is something x Introduction new and characteristic of our contemporary society. Without

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