Impression of complete denture

Complete Denture Impressions

An impression : Record –ve form of tissue of oral cavity that make
up basal seal of denture.

•Most important step in complete denture

•Primary impression ….diagnostic ….tray
•Final impression…..final detail….master cast.
• Primary impression: an impression of the edentulous mouth
which is made for purpose of producing a diagnostic cast upon
which custom tray will be fabricated.

• Final impression: final detain…used for construction of master

cast ….upon which denture fabricated.
Objectives of C.D impression:

•Retention: resist removal in direction opposite direction of its

insertion.
•What will happen to movable soft ridge…..in impression? Effect on
retention.

•Stability: resist horizontal movement (quality final impression, flow

ability )…lack stability….gross soft tissue …bone change…
• Support: vertical…basal seat…. Snow shoe.

• Esthetic: good impression…good esthetic (border thickness ..lip

facial contour).

• Preservation of the residual ridge: occlusion..interocclusal

distance…centric relation…impression technique…impression
materials.
 Classification
1-dep.on theories of imp A. passive-minimal
B. functional-pressure
C. selective pressure
2-dep.on the position of the mouth while making the impression
A. open mouth
B. closed mouth
3-dep.on the tray type
A.stock tray
B. custom tray
1.close fit
2.spaced
4-dep.on the manipulation for border molding
Hand manipulation
Functional movement
Theories of impression:

The forces directed to the tissue during impression is directly

influenced by:
•The viscosity and flow of the impression material used.
•Type of impression tray made
•Force extended upon the tray when the impression is being made.
Passive or Mucostatic

• use oversized tray

• record tissue at rest and jaws in normal relaxed condition
• no border mold
• Retention is achieved through accurate tissue adaptation.(poor retention stability)
• poor peripheral seal
• short denture flange so less resistance to lat. forces

Advantages:
Health and preservation of the tissue

Disadvantages
• Reduce coverage ….poor stress distribution
• Short flange…. irritation of tongue less lateral stability
• Lack border molding …..space….Food beneath the denture
• Flowable material used
 Pressure or Functional
Under pressure resemble under mastication
Heavy material like impression compound used

•use close fit tray

•imp.comp …special tray with occlusion rim
•record tissue at pressure
•Close mouth technique

•border are molded

•Good peripheral seal
•Better retention and support
•rapid R.R resorption
•Tissue ischemia
•Pressure on sharp spiny ridge
Selective pressure:
Combines both pressure non pressure techniques.
Basal seal area are divided into
•Primary stress bearing area
•Secondary stress bearing area
•Relief area
This is achieved by design of sp.tray in which non stress bearing area are relieved and
stress on stress bearing area.

Advantages
Physiological function of tissue of basal seats

Disadvantages:
Some recorded impossible to record area with varying pressure.
Excess pressure …bone lose
 Selective Pressure
1-Cobination of both
Open mouth:

•Imp. Tray held by dentist while pt. mouth is open

•Limit tissue recorded ,……when mouth open limit the extend of imp. Material ….
peripheral border.
•Allows better observation of the tray position and flow of material while lip cheeks
are border molded.
•Muscle movement easier
•When mand. Literally or protruded …there will b e clearance between ramus and
mand. For good record.
Closed mouth:

•When mouth closed tissue more relaxed…good extension of material to recorded.

•Tongue confined …cannot move …material flow to recorded mylohyoid ridge easier

•Occlusal rim on tray to allow pt. to close on it.

•Pt. will do borer molding by (closing sucking grimcing swallowing)..active molding

•Pressure by pt. during record….will be transmitted to denture …so once stress release
tissue will rebound this will effect denture seal
Primary imp.

•Alginate…perforated tray
•Compound ….plain tray

Position of dental chair….

•Lower…pt. mouth with level of operator shoulder….dentist in front right side
•Upper…pt. mouth with level of operator elbow…chair tilted back little. dentist right
little behind.
Selection of stock tray:

•Oversize providing 3mm space flange should not impinge on frenal.

Selection of lower tray:

•Calipers to measure arch width .(for lower tip of caliper on lingual

aspect of ridge right left below retromolar pads.

•Pt. asked to rise tongue to check tongue space.

Selection of the upper tray:
•Tip of caliper on buccal vestibule in tuberosity region….then on tray.
•2-3 mm space for material

Sequence of making impression : upper or lower?

•Discomfort…anaxiety…reflex.
•Salivation when foreign body in mouth ….activation
Primary imp….compound:

adv. Cost .easy use…dimensional stability…….

disadv. viscosity…displace tissue. Not accurate.

Soften in water bath …kneaded rolled into ball on tray using tumb…spread adapt over
tray …approximate ridge contour.
Center the tray using labial frenum as guide.
Apply pressure on molar region then hold by finger border molder moving lips
cheeks…poured with plaster within 30 min
Mandibular imp.

•Same principle as maxillary imp. material rolled and rope shape

placed on tray …during border molding tongue moved for lingual
borders.
Final imp.

Border molding :
•Is the process by which the shape of the borders of the tray is made to
conform accurately to the contoured of the labial buccal vestibules
before making the final impression ….also referred muscle trimming.

•Done by manipulating tissue against moldable impression material that

are properly supported and controlled by the tray
It is the only way to get ideal peripheral seal and cover the available
area of support.

Varity of materials have been used for border molding:

•Molding compound wax

•Auto polymerizing acrylic resin
•Elastomeric materials
•Heavy body putty type silicone
•Polyether.
General considerations:

•The custom tray should be stable and borders are 2mm short.
•Uniform thickness 2mm
•Handle should not interfere with lip or movements
•Molding compound should be done for each area separately not all at
once .
•Control bulk and temperature of the molding compound.
• Too much pressure …thin overextended flanges …while too
little pressure…excessively thick borders
• Tray should be dried before u put compound …better stick
• Also before reheating compound should be dried
• Each section molded separately.
 Movement for border molding:
Maxillary:
• Labial border: upper lip elevated then extended outward downward
and inward.
• Buccal border: cheek is elevated and then pulled outward downward
and inward.
• Buccal frenum is recorded by pulling the cheek backward and
forward.
• The disto-buccal region is recorded by pulling the cheek outward
downward inward fallowed by opening of the mouth widely and
moving the mandible from side to side.(when mouth widely
open coronoid process will come close to distal portion of max.
buccal sulcus.

• Thick flange will cause will interfere and pain.

• Posterior palatal seal area is molded by asking pt. To say ah
while refining area
Mandibular:

Recording labial buccal flanges:

•The labial portion is molded by moving the lip outward upward inward
•Buccal frenum…moving cheek outward upward backwardand farward.
•Recording the disto-buccal sulcus…cheek should be well retracted and moved
upward and inward.
•To record action of masseter muscle …pt. asked to willfully close his mouth
against resistance.
Recording the lingual flange:

•The anterior lingual border is molded by asking the pt to protrude his tongue
out and later to touch the anterior part of the palate.

•Mylohyoid area is refined by asking pt. to move tongue forward to touch the
upper lip backward to touch posterior palate and laterally into the cheeks.
Retromylohyoid space: the action of the retromylohiod should be recorded
by asking pt. to protrude the tongue perform lateral movement and close
forcefully against resistance.

Recording the retromolar pad:

•To record distal end of the tray the pt. asked to open mouth wide a notch
produced in the postero-medial end of the tray due to the action of the ptrego-
mandibular against raphe.
• Once border molding completed impression is taken by zinc
oxide euginol paste
 Selective Pressure
1-Cobination of both
4- dep.on hand manipulation for function
movement( border moulding )
 Primary impression
1-From 2-5 mm clearance between the tray and the ridge
2-tray modification
3.Select according to
Imp.mat, state of edentulism
 Type of trays

• 1-stock trays

• 2-special trays
 Types of stock trays

1. Stainless steel trays.

2. Aluminum trays.
3. Plastic trays.
 Final impression
Zinc Oxide Eugenol Paste