-

Glossary
The number(s) after each entry shaw the vacabulary unit(s) in which the ward/phrase appears.

4 x 4, 11 additive 26,27 agroindustry 26

a drive system where both axles get power a substance added to food improve it term describing the industry of agriculture
from the engine advanced braking system 11 agroprocessing 26
abnormality 14 an automated way of applying braking, term describing all the activi ties in
something which is nat normal or With ABS sensors detect if the wheels are processing outputs from the industry of
regular; a physical or mental defect or locking; if so, then the system takes over, agriculture
disorder pumping the brake much faster than is AIDS (= Acquired Immunodeficiency
ABS (= Advanced Braking System) 11 humanly possible (also known as anti- Syndrome) 14
See advanced braking system lock brakes). an epidemic disease caused by an infection
absorb 17 adverse effects 9 by human immunodeficiency virus
to take in unpleasant results, e,g, loss, damage or air freight 7
absorbance (also absorbency) 27 injury goods which are sent by plane
the ability of paper to absorb fluids such aerial 29 air pollution 24
as water or printing ink a radio or TV antenna. especially one the effect caused by making the air dirty
absorption 30 suspended in or extending into the air airbag 11
the property of a fibre, yarn or fabric to a safety device which will cause an air-
attract and hold gases or liquids filled pillow to prevent your he ad from
academic research 3 hitting the dashboard
study that is carried out for theoretical air-conditioning lI, 15
purpose without a practical application equipment that can heat, cool. clean, and
accelerator 11 aerobic 13 circulate air in a house, car, etc,
car pedal which regulates the amount of living in air; requiring oxygen aircraft 2 O, 12
fuel sent to the engine aeroplane 24 an aeroplane
access 22 a vehicle that carries passengers or goods airport 20
the way to the entrance of a mine byair a place where planes can take off and land
accident 9 aerospace 18 alarm 11
something unpleasant that happens describing the air around the earth and the equipment that gives a warning signal
unexpectedly and causes loss, damage or the space beyond it if someone tries to break into the car
injury affliction 13 alcohol 12
accurate 8, 18 an illness a family of organic compounds, the most
correct (according to the specifications) ageing 14 common of which is ethyl alcohol or
acetate 3 O the process of getting oid ethanol. CH3CHzOH
a man-made fibre (made of cellulose aggregate 2 alkali 12
acetate) which is crease and shrink total. e.g, of all planned production a group of water soluble mineral
resistant, soft to the touch and luxurious agribusiness, 26 compounds. An alkali is the opposite of
in appearance term which includes producers and an acid; together, an acid and an alkali
acid 12 manufacturers of agricultural goods neutralize each other and react to form
a water-soluble, saur chemical compound and services, such as fertilizer and farm water and a salt. Also called base. See also
that produces positive ions in solution. An equipment makers. food and fibre acid,
acid is the opposite of an alkali; together, processors, wholesalers, transporters, alert 29
an acid and an alkali neutralize each and retail food and fibre outlets a written or acoustic signal that warns or
other and react to form water and a salt. agricultural chemical 12 informs the user of a special situqtion
See also alkali. a substance (chemical) that is used in allergy 14
acoustical 15 agriculture, e.g, pesticide, insecticide, an extreme reaction or sensitivity to
describing materials that can absorb herbicide something eaten. breathed in or touched
sound agricultural chemistry 26 alloy wheel 11
acrylic sign 25 the discipline which deals with areas of any non-steel road wheel. usually made of
a notice made from a plastic synthetic chemistry, biochemistry and soil science aluminium or magnesium
resin relevant to agricultural (including food) alternator 11
activate 1 7 and environmental sciences a device which produces alternating
to make active agricultural engineering 26 current (AC) by converting the engine's
activation 17 the discipline which applies physical turning (mechanical) energy into
the state of being active and biological sciences and engineering alternating electrical current
active 1 7 to the production and processing of food Fterminal
an active device needs energy for its and fibre, and to the preservation of
operation. See als o passive. environmental quality
acute 14 agriculture 26, 12
severe. serious, very painful the science or practice of cultivating the
add value 8 soil, producing crops, and raising
GRD terminal
to increase the worth (value) of a product livestock and in varying degrees the ~
or service from the perspective of the preparation and marketing of the amplification 17 a
cus torner resulting products the activity of making a signal stronger t,
124
,
 amplify 17.28 aqueduct 20 avoid contact with 9
to make a signal, e.g. sound, stronger a structure which carries water (canal or nat to touch, usually with a part of the
amplitude modulation 28 river) across land. usually over a valley body
a change in the level of a signal axis 8
anaesthetist 14 a line. usually horizontal or vertical, used
a doctor who is qualified to give an as a reference on a graph
anaesthetic
analog 5 backlog 2
See analogue tasks that have nat been done on time
analogue 5,28 back order 2
'e a system in which data is represented an order for goods that has nat been
as a continuously varying voltage, arch 2O processed on time
as opposed to digital which can a curved structure. e.g. under a bridge bacteriology 26
only be distinct whole numbers. See architect 15 the science that deals with bacteria and
also digital. a person who designs and supervises the their relations to agriculture, medicine,
analyse 1.3.4.21 construction of buildings or other and industry
to examine carefully structures bake 12
n analysis 3, 8 Arctic cald 11 to heat. often at high temperatures to
the study of the parts and their very cald conditions used to test cars make hard
relationship to one another aromatic 12 baking 26
analyst 3 an organic compound with a benzene-like the activity of cooking food. e.g. bread and
a person who carries out a detailed ring cake. by dry heat especially in an oven
examination (analysis) arthritis 14 bandwidth 6,28
analytical 3 a disease which causes pain in the joints the range of frequencies, expressed
describing an approach that is based artificial 12 in Hertz (Hz), that can pass over a
on carrying out a detailed nat natural given transmission channeL The
examination asbestos 22 bandwidth determines the rate at
animal feed supplement 26 a fibrous material made from silica. As it is which information can be transmitted
d what is added to food for livestock to make very heat resistant. it was often used in the through the circuit: the greater the
it more effective past in buildings for insulation. It is now bandwidth, the more information that
anneal 10 banned because it is a health risk. can be sent in a given amount of time.
to make materials tough by cooling them asphalt 24 Analogue bandwidth is measured in
slowly, e.g, glass a petroeum-based black sticky material Hertz (Hz) or cycles per second; digital
ld anodize 10 used to cover roads bandwidth is the amo unt or volume of
to coat a metallic surface with a protective assemble 1 data that can be sent through a channel,
al oxide. e.g, car components to put pieces together to make a finished measured in bits per second. without
answering machine 29 product distortion.
a tape recorder which serves as a assembly 15,16 bar graph 8
:t telephone answering device 1. the process of putting building elements a chart that uses either horizontal or
antenna 28,29 together; 2. a collection of (electrical) vertical bars to shaw comparisons among
a device used to transmit and/or receive parts in an appliance categories
radio waves assembly line 1 bark 27
anthracite 22 the layout of workers and machines where the outer layer of a log
a hard. black shiny coal containing a high the work passes from one worker to the barrage 20
percentage of fixed carbon and a low next. usually along a moving belt. until it a barrier across a stream with a series of
percentage of volatile matter (also called is finished gates to control the water-surface level
so hard coal) assess 4 upstream
apparatus 10 to measure and evaluate something barrel 24
equipment asthma 14 a unit of measure for petroleum. equal to
)f applet 5 a disease which causes problems of 42 gallons
a program written in the Java TM breathing basic and intermediate chemicals 12
programming language that can be atomic energy plant 19 basic chemicals are made from mined
included in an HTML page. The applet's a power station which produces nuclear materials like crude oil. natural gas and
d code is transferred to your system and energy. See also nuclear plant. minerals. or from crops and other natural
executed by the browser's Java Virtual attenuation 28 substances. Chemical companies use
of Machine (JVM). the loss in power of a signal between basic chemicals to produce intermediate
appliance 16 transmission and reception products like polyethylene. polyethylene
a piece of equipment, e.g. a TV, washing attribute 21 oxide (PO). ethylene oxide (EO) and
machine a special feature or requirement ethylene glycol, or final products like
application 29 audible 29 phosphate and nitrogen agricultural
a computer program that can be heard fertilizers. These basic and intermediate
application software 5 audio signal 17 chemicals are called commodity
this gives a computer instructions which a signal intended to be heard chemicals and are produced mainly by
provide the user with tools to perform a audit 22 large companies and as byproducts of
task. e.g. word processing 1. to examine officially; 2. an official petroleum refining. using common
applied research 3 examinatioI). manufacturing processes.
branch of research that looks at how automobile 11. 12, 24 basic research 3
scientific theory can be used in a car a systemic. intensive study, which aims to
practice auto motive 18 gain a fuller knowledge or understanding
approve 13 relating to cars and other vehicles. e.g. of the subject under study rather than a
to agree to, give permission to automotove industry practical application
125

IIIIIIL
 ,....

bateh 1 blend 30 brake pedal 11

a quantity of items whieh are made at the 1. to mix different fibres together; 2. a mix a foot operated device which operates the
same time of different fibres brakes to stop or slow the wheels
baud 6 blend ehest 27 brake system 11
the speed at whieh information is a container in which different pulps are the equipment in a car which makes it
transferred, generally referred to as bps combined according to custÇJmer slow and then stop
(bits per seeond) specifications branch circuit 16
bauxite 22 blow extrusion 25 a circuit where the current has a choice
the mineral from which aluminium is a process where hot molten plastic is of paths
extracted blown up like a balloon, with compressed break down l, 2
beam 15,29 air. This stretches the plastic and makes it to stop working, especially for a machine
horizontal structural member that thin. The end of the balloon is pinched breakdown l, 2
sits on posts or walls and supports the together by rollers, to hold the air in and a situation where a machine has stopped
structure above it. Sometimes called a make it flat. The flat tube is then wound on working
"girder". to a big roll. breaker (circuit breaker) 16
beauty aid 12 blow moulding 25 a device that can be used to open or close
any product that improves the a process in which a little bit of hot soft a circuit manually and can also open a
appearance of skin, hair, etc. plastic is squeezed into the end of a mould. circuit automatically when current is too
bedding 3 O Compressed air is used to blow a big high
sheets and fabrics used on a bed bubble inside the plastic. The plastic swells "On"
benzene 12,24 out like a balloon until it fills up the whole
a colourless, liquid, flammable, aromatic mould.
"Off"
hydrocarbon that boils at 80.1 oC and blowout 23
freezes at 5.4-5.5°C; it is used as a solvent an uncontrolled activity in an oil or gas well breakthrough 3
and in making other chemicals, e.g. dyes body panel 11 a discovery
and drugs a sheet of metal that forms the outside
breeding 26
Bible 27 body of a car the business of keeping animals with the
a type of thin printing paper, especially boiler 10
purpose of obtaining young ones for sale
for use in high quality productions; e.g. equipment to make water hot bridge 20
Bibles and dictionaries boiling point 13 a structure, usually built of wood, iron or
bil! of lading 7 the temperature at which a liquid boils; for stone, which carries a road over a valley
a transportation document that is the water it is normally regarded as 100°C or river
contract of carriage containing the terms bond 27
brightness 27
and conditions between the shipper and a type of paper made from either cotton, a measure of the whiteness of pulp and
carrier chemical wood pulp, or a combination of paper
binary 28 the two. This grade of paper is used for bristol 27
characters and codes specified as a stationery and business forms and is made agrade of paper used for folders, index
combination of O and 1 with superior strength for its weight. cards, covers and postcards.
biodegradable 25 book 27 broadeast 29
e
describing the ability of some plastics to a type of woodfree or mechanical paper to transmit a radio or TV programme over
breakdown into safe products by the used for printing books a
the airwaves for public reception
action of living organisms borax 22 broeade 30
e
biofuel 19 a mild alkali used in fine grain developing t]
a heavy rich-Iooking fabric with
fuel made from biological materials solutions to speed up the action of the e
contrasting surfaces or a multicolour
including crops (especially trees) and solution [Na2B4Os(OH)4.8H2O] .,
design; it is used in upholstery and
animal waste borehole 21 e
evening wear
biological produet 13 a hole drilled in the earth to explore what tJ
broehure 27
a pharmaceutical product that is is below the earth b
a small book, often with glossy pages, to
derived from a biological source bottleneek 2 a
advertise a company
(human plasma or cell culture) rather a step in production where a number of C
bronehitis 14
than being synthesized from a chemical stages corne together and cause a slow a
an illness of the bronchial tubes
source down in production o:
browser 5
birth defeet 9 bowl 25 C
a program that accesses the World Wide
something imperfect that you are born a deep round container, often made of te
Web and allows the user to use the
with,e.g. a mark plastic, which can hold liquid rE
multimedia resources of the World Wide
bits per seeond (bps) 6 Web internet pe
the number of bits that are transferred in ei
brush 30
one second by a computer to use wire brushes or other abrasive cc
bitumen 23 e¡
materials to raise a nap on surface of the
one of various sticky substances, e.g. braeing eonneetion 15 a
fabric
crude petroleum, ashphalt or tar, that 1. a diagonal tie that intereonnects seaffold C¡
building contractor 21
occur naturally members; 2. a temporary support for ge
a building firm that agrees to perform
bituminous 22 aligning vertical concrete formwork work e<
containing bitumen, a general name braiding 30 bulldozer 20 a,
for various solid and semisolid e<
a way of making a textile without a 100m. a large powerful vehicle which uses a
hydrocarbons ar
Yarns going in the same direction are large blade to move earth and rocks
bleaeh 27,30 ca
crossed over and under other yarns in
1. to treat chemically in order to remove tn
their paths.
impurities and whiten the fabric; 2. the brake line 11 fre

chemical that removes impurities and the system of hoses and metal tubes ca
whitens a fabric through which the brake fluid flows al
126
,
 burial 22 carrier wave 28 chemical 10.12.18
describing a level underground a wave that transports the signal wave. a substance with a definite molecular
burn 9 The carrier is modulated or altered by the composition; concerning the science
a hurt or injury caused by fire signal wave. which deals with the elements that make
bus 11 carry out 3 up the earth, the universe and living
large vehicle. either private or public. to to do. especially an experiment. a study or things. See also chemistry.
carry passengers either within a town/city research chemical process plant 20
or between townsl cities carton 7.27 a factory in which chemicals are made
a box made from thick. stiff paper. used to and used
cable 16.20.29 protect goods in transit chemical purity 13
a strong wire used in an electrical casing 23 the extent to which a chemical is cIean
system a steel pipe in a well to strengthen it and and free from unclean substances
cable television (cable TV) 28.29 stop it from caving in chemistry 10
a system of sending and receiving TV cast 11 the science which deals with the elements
signals by wire (cable). Cable systems to shape hot metal by pouring it into a that make up the earth, the universe and
normally receive signals by satellite at a mould living things
centrallocation and then send them by catalyst 24 chip 27
cable to homes for a monthly fee. a substance which causes a chemical a small piece of wood used to produce pulp
cage 22 activity without changing itself chloride 12
a lift in a mine shaft to carry workers and catalytic cracking 24 a compound containing chlorine and
materials up and down the shaft a refining process by which petrol another element
caisson 15 (gasoline) is made from crude petroleum chlorine bleach 30
the structural support for a foundation catering 26 a chemical used for cIeaning. sterilizing
wall the activity of providing food and whitening
call 29 cause/ effect analysis 8 chop 27
1. to get or try to get in communication a diagram which shows the main causes to cut into small pieces
with someone by phone; 2. the act of lea ding to an effect (symptom). The cause chronic 14
calling someone on the telephone and effect diagram is one of the "seven to describe a medical condition that lasts
camber 20 tools of quality". for a long time
Jr the rise in the centre of a road which he/ps cell 2 9 chronic depression 13
the water to f10w off the type of wireless communication in a state of deep sadness that lasts for a
can 26 mobile te/ephony, It is called 'cellular' long time and is a sign of a mental health
1. to put food into tins; 2. a tin because the system uses many base problem
canal 2 O stations to divide a service area into chute 22
a narrow manmade waterway for boats multiple 'cells'. Cellular calls are a channel or shaft underground
and ships transferred from base station to circuit 16
cancer 9.14 base station as a user travels from a set of electrical parts in an appliance,
a diseased growth in the body cell to cell. e.g. a TV or radio
capacitor 17 cellular 29 (circuit) board 18
'er a device which can store eletrical energy See cell a panel or assembly along which the
at the required value cellular radiotelephone system 17 electric current can pas s
capacity 2 a high-capacity system of one or more
the total number of items that a piece of multichannel base stations designed to
equipment. workshop. factory can produce provide radio telecommunications
within a given time servi ces to users over a wide area
car bumper 25 centrallocking 11
the plastic bar attached to the front and civil 1 O
the Iocking or unlocking of all the doors
back of a car to protect it when it is in an by locking from one location. either by for private people, Ï.e. not for military
accident turning a key in a door lock or using an purposes
carbonate 12 electronic device. cleansing agent 24
a compound which contains carbon and central processing unit (CPU) 5 an agent used to cIean impurities
oxygen. e.g. calcium carbonate (limestone) either the main microchip that the cIimate control 11
card 30 computer is built around or the box that a lever or button which you can move to
to open up the wool into an even layer by houses the main components of the change the temperature in the passenger
e removing as much vegetable matter as computer. compartment of a vehicle
possible and drawing the fibres parallel to certificate 13 cIinical 13
each other in order to form a single an official document which shows that connected to a hospital
continuous strand of fibres something can be done cIinical research 3
carer 14 chain 25 branch of research that looks at the
le
a person who looks after a sick person a number of atoms that are linked effects of drugs or treatment on
cargo 7 together patients
goods loaded into a ship for transportation channel 7.29 cIothes 3O
carpenter 15 the way that goods will be transported. covering for the human body
a craft worker skilled in woodwork e.g. by road. rail. sea. air clothing 30
carpet 3 O channelencoder 28 covering for the human body; cIothes
any fabric used as a f1oorcovering a device which maps the binary strings coal 12,19.22
carriage 7 into wave for transmission a combustible mineral formed from
transportation; the act of moving goods check 8 organic matter (mostly plants) that lived
from one place to another 1. to test. examine something in order to about 300 million years ago
carrier 7 see if it is correct; 2. a test. examination coastline 24
a firm which transports goods or people to see if something is correct the land next to the sea
127

~
 -

coaxial cable 28 computer 16,18 convert 1,28

one of four basic types of wire found in an electronic device that can store and to change, e.g. from input to output
telecommunications, this is a conducting recali information, and make calculations conveyor 22
wire in a dielectric insulator and an outer very quickly a mechanical device like a belt, generally
conducting shell; this type of cable is computer network 5 electrically driven, which transports
commonly used because of its a group of computers connected material between two points
insensitivity to nois e interference, The by cables or other means cool 25
other types are single-wire line, open-wire which exchange to make cald; cald
pairs, and multipair cables. information and share coolant reservoir 11
coil spring 11 equipment, such liquid in the cooling system
a section of spring steel used in both front as printers and copper 22
and rear suspension systems disk drives a reddish metallic element that heats
collar 23 quickly and cools rapidly; its symbol is Cu
a thick tube of steel through which copper wire 28
drilling fluids are pumped computer-aided design 17 a popular medium, made of copper, for
the use of computers to assist the design low-cost networking but limited to a few
process hundred metres
concentrate 13 cordless 29
to remove water without a wire
condense 24 corduroy 30
to cause a gas to become liquid by making a strong, durable, woven fabric with
it cooler vertical cut pile stripes or cords with a
collect 5 configure 6 velvet-like nap
to gather together, to bring together 1. to arrange in a certain shape; 2. to correlation 4
collector 24 prepare all the devices in a computer a measure of the link between two
equipment which collects different system so that they operate variables.
components as petroleum is broken down congenital 14 costing system 21
column 15 to describe a disease which has existed a procedure to monitor the costs of a
a supporting pillar consisting of a base, a since birth project so that management can get
cylindrical shaft, and a capital connect 6 information on development
combustion 9 1. to join or fasten together; 2. to link cotton 27,30
the act of catching fire and burining a piece of equipment to an energy a tall plant with white hair from which
commission 19, 21 source, e.g. electricity, or to another cloth is made
1. to place an order for (a power plant); piece of equipment; 3. to establish a CPU 5
2. an order (for a power plant) communication path for the transfer of See central processing unit
commitment 8 information crack 24
a promise, an agreement to do something conservation 26 to separate oil into simple compounds
in a certain way, usually to improve the protection and management of natural crack resistant 12
way of working resources to prevent exploitation, describes a finish (paint) that does nat d
commodity 26 destruction, or neglect easily split f
a product of agriculture consignment 7 crane la P
communal environment 20 a collection of goods to be transported a machine for lifting and moving heavy d
a place where a group or community, e.g. from one place to another objects a
oId people or students, can live comfortably constant 4 h
communicate 6 something that does nat change ir
to send information between two places construct la, 11
or within an area to build
communications 16 consumer goods 18
the area that deals with sen ding products, e.g. TVs, hi-fis and washing crash 11
information between 2 places or within machines, for personal, domestic or this happens when one vehicle hits
an area home use another vehicle or a stationary object
crease control 3 O
,
compatible 6 consumption 26
describing the ability of data processing the act of eating and drinking a fabric finish often used with linen and di
equipment to accept and process data contamination 9,26 cotton to help the fabric resist wrinkles IiI
prepared by another machine without the result of mixing something with dirty and creases do
conversion or code modification or poisonous matter create 5 in
compile 4 continuous process improvement 8 to make something new, e.g. a file d¡
to put together data gathered from several the many management practices and crops (often pI) 26 a
sources: techniques used to find and eliminate plants that can be grown and harvested d¡
waste and to improve business processes, for profit or subsistence a
comply with 8
to act according to the rules or quality or costs crossover 2 O stJ
regulations control 8, 1 7 a place where one road goes over th
component 1,2,11 1. to make sure that something is correct; another dó
1. piece of machinery; 2. part that goes 2. a test that makes sure that something crown 20 al
into the final product is correct the highest paint of a road dó
compound 25 control system 16 crude drug 13 th
a substance, e.g. plastic, which is made up a system that regulates an operation any raw or unrefined medicinal de
of two or more materials controlling 1 compound in its natural form, especially go
compressed air 25 stage in a process when you check one taken from a plant de
air that has been pressed into a volume what you have done (see also crude oil 23 SO
smaller than it normally occupies planning) untreated oil im
128
,
 crust 22 defect prevention 8 determine 4
the outermost layer or shell of the the action to stop a fault from happening, to find out
earth usually before it happens develop 3,4, la, 18
cultivate 13 defective 8 to change the form of something
to cause a plant or other vegetable matter nat working (properly) developer 3
to grow defence 18 a person who or organization which
cultivation 26 the industry which protects a country produces new ideas or products
the activity of using land to raise crops against attack development 3, 11
culvert 2O define 8 the systematic use of the knowledge or
a pipe or small bridge for drainage under to state something in detail, e. g. the understanding gained from research to
a road or structure dimensions of a product produce use ful materials, devices,
curb 20 degradation 28 systems, or methods
See kerb the deterioration in quality, level, or development and evaluation research 3
cure 13,25 standard of performance the systemic use of scientific knowledge
1. to make a person better; 2. to harden dehydration 26 to produce useful materials, devices,
by heat; 3. medicine that makes a pers on the removal of allliquid from food systems or methods
better delighted 8 developmental 3
currency converter 29 very happy, very satisfied describing the systemic use of scientific
a web service that calculates the value of deliver 7 knowledge to the production of useful
your money in another currency to carry goods to their destination materials, devices, systems or methods
curtain wall 1S delivery 2, 7 deviation 4
an exterior wall that provides no a group of goods which are ready to be the difference between an observed value
structural support sent to the customer and the expected value of a variable
curiains 30, 2S delivery note 7 device 29,16,18
material that hangs in front of a window a document which accompanies goods in any piece of equipment made for a
as a decoration, shade, or screen transit and provides basic information specific purpose
customer needs 8 about the goods, the sender and the device size 1 7
what the customer needs from a product receiver refers to the ability to reduce the size of
or service demand 2 electronic devices, such as computers,
cnt 11 the number of items that are needed walkmans, etc., mainly as a result of the
to form or shape with a sharp tool demodulation 17 miniaturization of components
cuttings 2 3 the process of extracting the message diabetes 14
small pieces of rock that break away due from a modulated signal for reception by a disease where there is too much sugar
to the action of the bit phone, TV or radio in the blood
cycle 2 density 13 diagnose 18
the series of activities following one the amount of darkness or light in an to find the cause of a problem
another to produce a product area of a scan diagnosis 13
dentist 14 the activity of finding the cause of an
dairy farming 26 a tooth specialist illness
farming that is concerned with the deposit 22,23 dial 29
production of milk, butter, and cheese a natural occurrence of a useful mineral to make a telephone call or connection
dam 20 in sufficient quantities for exploitation differential 11
a manmade structure across a river to depot 7 a unit that takes the power of the rotating
hold back the water to produce power, the place where goods are (temporarily) driveshaft and passes it to the axle
improve navigation or controll1ooding stored, either before they are sent out or dig 23
after they have been received to make a hale
derrick 2 3 digester 27
a pyramid of steel erected over a bare hale that part of a chemical pulp mill where
to drill for oil cooking takes place
desert heat 11 digital S, 28
extremely hot conditions to test a car a system in which data is represented as
design 10,11,18,21 O or 1
dangerous 9 to plan, either in one's mind or with digital communications S
likely to cause loss, damage or injury drawings a system of sending information in which
data 29 desktop (desk top) S data is represented electronically as O or 1
information 1. the screen background in most digitalization 17
database 6 graphical user interfaces (GUIs) on which the conversion of analogue data into a
a structured set of data windows, icons, and dialogue boxes digital form (O or 1)
database software S appear; 2. a type of computer that sits on dike 20
a program that allows the user to create a a desk and is nat easily portable. See als o a manmade structure built along the
structured set of data (a database) and lap top. banks of a river or along the ca ast to hold
then to access it and manipulate it detailed design 21 back water and prevent 1100ding
data-conversion device 29 the development stage in which the dimension 21
a piece of equipment which translates geology of the area is studied in order to a measurement, e.g. length, width, height
data from one format to another so that prepare a detailed plan diode 17
the receiving device can interpret it detect 8 a component with two terminals (anode
deep 1 S to find out what is causing a particular and cathode) that passes current
going far down, usually into the ground situation, especially a problem primarily in one direction
defect 3 O detection 13
Anode Cathode
something that makes a product the process of finding out the cause of a
imperfect problem
129

..
 -
directional 29 docks (also dock) 20 drillbit 23
a transmitter with more than one tower a place where ships are loaded and a to01used to crush
to send the station's signal in a particular unloaded or cut rock
direction documentation 7, 18
disc brake, disk brake 11 all the papers which describe the
type of brake that has two basic goods
components: a ilat disc that turns with dosage 14
the wheel and a caliper that is stationary the amount of a medi cine to be taken at drill pipe 23
discover 4 one time a tube made of steel which connects
to ilnd dot matrix printer 5 the rig surface equipment with the
disease 13 a printer which uses a pattern of dots to bottomhole assembly
illness, usually serious form characters or other graphic drill string 2 3
dish 28,29 information. the combination of the drill pipe, the
a device used for collecting satellite TV double-blind technique 13 bottomhole assembly and any other tools
signals a type of clinical study in which neither used to make the drill bit turn at the
disinfection 26 the participants nor the pers on bottom of the wellbore
the process of cleaning by destroying administering treatment know which drill supervisor 22
harmful organisms treatment any particular subject is the person who is in charge of a group of
disintegrate 25 receiving. Usually the comparison is workers who drill (see above)
to fall apart, especially into small pieces between an experimental drug and a drilling mud 23
disorder 14 placebo or standard comparison iluids used in drilling
a disease treatment. See also placebo. drowsiness 9
dispatch 7 downhole 23 a feeling of tiredness
to send out awell drug 14, 24
dispersion 14 download 6 a medicine
the process of spreading a to transfer data or code from one drum brake 11
pharmaceutical in a gas, liquid or solid computer to another. The distinction a type of brake using a drum-shaped
(tablet) form between download and upload is not metal cylinder which is attached to the
display 5,29,25 always clear, but download often refers wheel and rotates with it
1 to show 2 something that is shown, e,g, to transfer from a larger server system dry 9,27
a graphic 3 a device for showing to a smaller client system. 1. to take out the iluid; 2. not wet
something Le. a monitor downstream 23 dry-cleaning 30
disposable 25 downstream refers to all activities from a chemical cleaning process
describing something that can be thrown the processing of reilned crude oil into drying 26
away petroleum products to the distribution, the removal of allliquid
dispose of 9 marketing, and shipping of the products. dump truck 22
to throw away (often beca use it is See also upstream. a vehicle that carries and then dumps
dangerous) downtime 2, 6 rock or ore
distil 13, 24 the time when equipment is not durability 27
to make a liquid into gas by heating and working beca use of a breakdown or the ability of a product, e.g. paper, to last
then to convert the gas into different maintenance a long time
liquids again draft 21 dust 9
distillation 24 preliminary a powder made of small particles of
the process of making a liquid into gas by dragline 22 waste
heating and then converting (separating) a type of excavating equipment consisting dust tunnel 11
the gas into different liquids of a bucket on a long rope a test environment in which a car is
distort 28 drainage 20,26 exposed to small particles of waste
to fail to reproduce accurately the the network of pipes through which powder
characteristics of the input rainwater runs off dustproof 16
distribute 1 drains 9 describing the ability to exclude dust
to send goods from the producer to the system of pipes and tubes that carry dye 12,24,27,30
another person or organization away waste water 1. to treat chemically in order to change a e
distribution 4, 7 draw 24 fabric's colour; 2. a chemical which a
a set of numbers and their frequency to take out changes a fabric's colour a
of occurrence collected from drawing board 11 c
measurements a ilat piece of wood on which a piece of earth 22 e
distribution centre 7 paper is put to design a plan the soil which must be removed to reach tl
a large, centralized warehouse that drawings 21,29 the valuable minerals \I
receives ilnished goods from a factory a plan or sketch earthmover 20 el
distribution network 19 dredger 20 a machine, e.g. a bulldozer to excavate, el
the system of pipes and tubes that carries a machine or ship used to take away sand push or transport large quantities of te
energy from the production plant to the and mud from the bottom of a river or a earth in road building el
user harbour easy flow 12 el
distributor 11 drift 22 describes a liquid that runs easily a
a unit in the ignition system designed to an entry, generally on the slope of a hill, effectiveness 1 re
make and break the ignition and to which usually goes in a horizontal the ability to do things in the right way er
distribute the resultant high voltage to the direction into a coal seam efficiency 1 to
proper cylinder at the correct time drill 22,23 the ability to do the right things st.
dizziness 9 1. to make a hole through a material with electric cable 25 en
unpleasant feeling in one's head that a cutting tool: 2. the cutting to 01that the wire used for conducting electricity th
things are going round and round makes a hole together with the outer plastic cover tr¡
130
.
 electric window 11 emit 17 exhaust manifold 11
a side window which goes up and down to send out (electrons) the connecting pipes between the exhaust
with an electric motor operated by a energy 17, 18,20 ports and the exhaust pipe
switch the capacity of a physical system to do exhaust system 11
electrical la work; usable power, such as heat or the system of pipes and equipment that
dealing with electricity electricity carry the exhaust gases from the exhaust
electrical appliance 19 engine 11, 10 manifold out into the atmosphere
a piece of equipment, e.g. a TV, washing a device for changing fuel energy to expansion card 5
machine, which is powered by electricity mechanical energy you plug this into a slot to add features
electrical energy 19 engineer 3, la such as video, sound, modem and
electricity a person who uses scientific knowledge to networking
electrical power supply 24 solve practical problems. expectation 8
the use of oil to generate electricity which entertain 17 how the customer sees an organization's
ls can be used to supply electrical power to to amuse, interest or inform, e.g. by products and services and the extent that
users means of radio, TV, music, etc. these will meet their needs and
electrical system 11 entertainment 17 requirements
the system that generates, stores, and programmes on TV, films at the cinema, experiment 3,4
)f distributes electrical current to the engine etc.. that give pleasure, amusement or a study
to start it and keep it running; the information experimental 3
electrical system also gives power to the envelope 7 describing a situation in which
lights, the heater motor, radio, and other a paper covering for investigators are testing something
accessories a letter experimental development 3
electrician 15 the process of working out something
a craft worker who installs, maintains, environmental 18 new in a laboratory
and repairs electrical systems in buildings relating to the natural conditions, e.g. air, experimentation 3
electromagnetic 28 water and land. in which mankind lives the process of tests and trials to see what
magnetism developed by a current of environmental controlIS happens under different conditions
electricity a system for remote control of electronic experimenter 3
electromagnetic wave 28 devices. Using it, a person can a research worker who conducts
a wave generated by an electromagnetic independently turn lights, radio, and experiments
field. Examples indudes radio waves, television on and off, answer or make explode 24
infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X rays, phone calls, and unlock a door. to undergo a rapid chemical reaction
and gamma rays. environmental engineer 22 which produces a loud noise
electron 17 a techical person who checks that the exploit 22
one of the elementary partides of an mining activities do not damage the to turn a natural resource into an
atom natural conditions, e.g. air, water and land economic, Le. saleable, resource. For
electronic 10.28 epilepsy 14 example, to exploit a mineral deposit
concerning the science (and its a diease causing uncontrolled movements exploratory 23
application) that deals with the behaviour equipment 1 done to find out if there is oil or gas
of electrons in equipment such as TVs machines used in production explore 4, 22
and radio s erection 15 to investigate, to look for; to search for
electronic circuit 16 a building or structure, or the activity to coal, mineral, or ore
a set of electronic parts in an appliance. construct one explosion 9
e.g. a TV or radio error 8 a loud noise made by a bomb or
electronic message 6 a mistake something similar
a message which is sent and received as estimate 21 explosionproof 16
data, often through a network 1. to make an approximate calculation; describing the ability to withstand an
electronic processing 17 2. an approximate calculation internal explosion without creating an
the activity of performing calculations ethylene 12 external explosion or fire
with a device, such as a calculator or a the simplest olefin; it is a sweet smelling explosive 22,12,24
computer gas that is used to make plastics any chemical compound, mixture, or
a electronic system 1 7 evacuate 23 device that is capable of undergoing a
a device which is based on the principies to take all the people away from a place rapid chemical reaction, producing an
and behaviour of electrons, e.g. a beca use of risk to their safety explosion
computer evaluate 1,4,13,18 export 7
electronics lab 18 to calculate the value of something a shipment of goods to a foreign
the place (laboratory) where a scientist excavate 22 country
works to examine and test electronic to remove soil and/or rock materials from exterior skin 15
equipment one location and transport them to indudes all the surfaces of the roof,
electroplate la another chimney, exterior walls, woodwork,
to cover with a thin layer of metal using excavator 20 windows, porches, doors, and the above-
electrolysis, e.g. car components a to al to dig out and take away earth or ground portion of the foundation
email software 5 minerals exterior wall 15
a pro gram that allows you to send and exceed 8 an outer wall other than a party wall
receive electronic messages to be greater than extract 13, 17,22,23
embroider 30 executive 11 1. to take out, usually something useful;
to decorate a fabric with needlework a range of large, comfortable cars to remove coal or ore from a mine; 2. the
stitching, either by hand or machine designed for executives useful thing that is taken out
emission 17,25 exemption 13 extraction 17
the production of radiation by a radio the state of being free from something, the processs of taking out information
transmitting station often an obligation to pay for something from a signal
131

'.
 ....

extrusion 25 fell 27 fixtures 1

a process in which hot molten plastic is to cut down a tree machines or equipment which are
squeezed through a nozzle to make long attached to the land or factory building,
lengths of special shape s like pipes and are therefore classified as real
property
fabric 30 flame resistant 12
a cloth produced especially by knitting or describes a substance that can prevent
weaving burning
fabrication 25 flame-retardant 12
a process in which sheets of plastic are felting 30 describes a substance that can reduce,
cut to shape and then folded by heating a a method for creating fabric by using or delay burning
narrow line through the plastic. When it heat, moisture, and pressure flammable 9,23
is soft, the sheet will bend along the ferment 13 describing a material that burns
heated line. Sheets can be joined together to change chemically as the result of the easily
by gluing, or by welding. The join is addition of an organic compound, e.g. flavour 12
heated with hot air and a thin filler rod is yeast the characteristics of a food that cause a
forced into the gap. fermentation 26 simultaneous reaction of taste on the
facilitate 8 a chemical change such as when a tongue and odour in the nose
to make easier carbohydrate is transformed to car bon flexible 25
facsimile 29 dioxide and alcohol that can be easily bent
a system of telecommunication for the fertilizer 26, 12, 24 floor 15
transmission of fixed images which can a substance which makes soil more fertile a level of a building, e.g. the first floor
be received in a permanent form, usually fibre 12,30 in a block of flats
on paper a long thin thread of maerial used to flour milling 26
factory l, 7 make textiles the process of grinding wheat into
a place where goods are made fibre optic cable 28 flour
factory inspection 13 a high-bandwidth transmission wire that flow 1,2, 7
a detailed check of a factory, especially to uses light to carry digital information. to move smoothly and without
ensure that production meets legal See also optic cable. stopping
requirements fibre optics 16 flow rate 23
failure l, 8 glass fibres that are used for data the rate at which oil flows out of a
breaking down; stopping working transmission well
fast drying 12 fibre processing 30 fluid mechanics 20
describes a finish (paint or other liquid) the treatment of fibres into finished a branch of mechanics that deals with the
that dries quickly products - cloth, fabric or textile properties of liquids and gases
fault 1 fibreglass 11 flume 20
when a machine does not work properly a mixture of glass fibres and resin that a sloping passage or pipe to carry water,
fax 29 produces a very light and strong material; e.g. to a power plant
See facsimile it is used to build car bodies and to repair fluoride 12
FDA 13 damaged areas a compound which occurs naturally in
See Food and Drug Administration fidelity 17 both groundwater and surface water; it is
feasibility 3 the extent to which a signal (sound or added to toothpaste to provide protection
the possibility that a project or picture) is close to the original, as in hi-fi against tooth decay
development will completed successfully (high fidelity) Food and Drug Administration 13
and within a reasonable time. file 5,29 the ns. Agency responsible for overseeing
feasibility study 21 a program, document, utility, in fact food and pharmaceutical products. See
an investigation to assess both financial anything that isn't hardware on a als o Medicines Control Authority.
and engineering aspects of a project computer food hygiene 26
feasible 3 file a patent 3 the practice of keeping food clean in order
capable of being done successfully and to apply for an exclusive right by law to to avoid illness
within a reasonable time make use of and exploit an invention for a food packing 26
feature 11 limited period of time the process of putting food into packaging
an additional characteristic in a car, findings 3 for sale
usually at an extra cost, which makes the a written statement of facts and food poisoning 26
car more exclusive, e.g. alloy wheels, conclusions based on the evidence illness caused by bacteria or unwanted
climate control presented chemicals in food
feed 2 6 finished design 21 food preservation 26
1. to give food; 2. food given to animals the fmal design stage in which the the activity of keeping food safe for eating
feed supplement 26 drawings for the construction are footbridge 20
See animal feed supplement prepared a bridge for pedestrians
feedback 4 finished product 1 footwear 26
the information that tells you how well a product sold as completed: finished shoes
you have performed products are products ready for sale forecast 2
feeder 16 fire 19 1. to say in advance how many items will
a set of conductors that starts at a main a device in a house that produces heat need to be produced; 2. the number of
distribution centre and supplies power to firmware 18 items which will need to be produced
one or more secondary or branch software that is stored in a hardware foreign matter 30
distribution centres device and that controls the device something that should not be there
feldspar 22 fixture 16 forge lO, 11
a group of rock-forming minerals that a piece of equipment that cannot (easily) to shape metals by heating and then
make up 60% of the earth's crust be moved, e.g. a junction box hammering, e.g. horse shoes
132
,
'-'- .
 forklift truck 7 fuse 16 geology 21
a machine which picks up and moves a piece of wire used in an electric system a science that deals with the composition
goods which breaks if too much electrical power of the earth's soil. rocks. etc.
passes through geophysicist 22
a pers on who studies seismic.
gravitational. electrical. thermal.
radiometric. and/or magnetic
phenomena to investigate geological
phenomena
formation 23 galvanize 10 geothermal energy 19
the rock around the borehole to protect from rusting by coating in zinc. energy produced by the internal heat of
forward 7 e.g. food cans the earth.
to send on gas 9.19 germanium 17
fossi! fuel 19 a substance. like air. which is neither solid a hard element similar to silicon. used as
conbustible material which comes from nor liquid a semi-conductor in transistors

I
ancient living things gas engine 10 girder 15
found 10 an engine in which the motion of the a large beam
to melt metal and then pour it into a piston is produced by the combustion or
formo e.g. iron components sudden production or expansion of gas
foundation 15 gas field 23
the supporting part of a structure below a place where gas can be extracted
the first floor construction gas fired central heating 19
traction 24 a home heating system powered by gas gloss 2 7
either apure chemical compound or gas power 19 a highly reflective. shiny surface
a mixture which is distilled from the power produced by gas in gasworks glossy 12
petroleum gas station 19 shiny; describes a surface from which
tractional distillation 24 See gasworks much more light is specularly reflected
the process to distill either apure chemical gasoline (AmE) 24 than is diffusely reflected
compound or a mixture from petroleum See petrol goggles 9
treeze 26 gasworks 19 large glasses which some workers wear to
to make something. e.g. food. very cold a place where gas for use in the home is protect their eyes
treight 7 made from coal gold 22
either the cargo carried or the charges for gateway 6 a soft. yellow. valuable meta!. It is used for
e the carriage of the cargo a gateway transfers information between coins. jewelry. decoration. dental work.
frequency 4 physically separate networks that are plating. and for coating certain space
the number of times an event happens based on differing protocols. It performs satellites. It is a standard for monetary
trequency modulation 28 high-Ievel information translation (while systems in many countries.
where voltage levels change the frequency routers provide low-Ievel). grade 27
of a carrier wave gauze 30 paper is classified into different grades
friction 9 a loosely woven. thin. sheer. plain weave according to the end use. the pulp used
the rubbing together of surfaces. often fabric usually cotton and the treatment of the paper
causing pain or injury General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) 29 graphic software 5
friction pi!e 15 a system of transferring data over the a program that allows the user to see text
a pi!e ca\culated to carry all of its load by GSM network. allowing wireless and images on a computer screen
skin friction communications at speeds up to 150 granite 22
fuel 19.24 kilobits per second. GPRS permits faster a rock in which quartz constitutes 10% to
material. e.g. coal. wood. petrol. that is internet access and improved mobile 50%
burned to produce energy technology through continuous greenhouse effect 19
fuelline 11 connectivity. the warming of the earth caused by the
the pipes through which the fuel passes generate 17 presence of certain gases in the
from the fuel tank to the fuel pump and to to produce (a signal) atmosphere
the carburettor generating station 19 grind 10
fuel system 11 a place where energy. usually electrical. 1. to polish or sharpen by rubbing on a
a system that stores. cleans. and delivers is produced rough surface. e.g. stone; 2. to crush into
the fuel to the engine generation 17. 19 particles
fuel tank 11 the process of converting mechanical ground 16.27
the storage compartment that holds the energy into electrical energy (the use 01')the earth as a common return
fuel for the vehicle generative 17 for an electric circuit
full-motion 29 having the ability to produce or reproduce ground fault 16
used to describe video that plays on the generator 17.19.16 circuit failure where current
computer at between 24 and 30 frames a machine that converts mechanical unintentionally flows to ground
per second energy into electrical energy groundwood 27
fumes 9 genetic damage 9 a heavier. more absorbent paper that
strong-smelling air given off by smoke. harm passed on to a child from its folds easily without cracking
gas. paint. etc.. that can cause pain or parents' genes grow 26
injury if breathed in geochemist 22 to make plants and crops increase in size
fumigation 9 a person who studies the chemistry of growth 26
the act of clearing an infected building or earth materials the act or rate of increasing in size
ro om by chemical smoke or gas geologist 22 growth regulator 26
fungicide 12. 26 a person who is trained in and works in plant substance that controls how plants
a chemical that kills or destroys fungi any of the geological sciences or crops grow
133

-o8IIIi
 ,..
I

hack 6 high voltage 19 improvement 8

to gain ilIegal access to a computer or See voltage the situation where something is better
network highway 10 impurity 24
haemorrhage 14 a wide main ro ad a substance which is mixed with the oil
an uncontrollable flow of blood home computer 18 so that it is not pure
handle 9 a computer (an electronic device that can in transit 7
to touch with one's hands store and recali information. and make in passage
harbour (AmE harbor) 20 calculations very quickly) that is normally incineration 2S
a protected place where boats can stop used at home rather than in a company the process of burning a material to
hard 12 hospital 13 dispose of it
describes a material that is compact, solid, a place where ili people are treated increased reliability 17
and difficult to deform hub 6 describing the ability to work for a
hard hat 9 a device which handles data arriving from long(er) time without breaking down
hard hat which some workers wear to one or more directions and forwards it in inductor 17
protect their head (from falling objects) one or more other directions a passive electronic component that stores
hydraulic 10 energy in the form of a magnetic field

iS) concerning the pressure of water or other industrial 10

liquid concerning factories
hydraulic power 19 industrial automation 18
harden 10,25 the energy produced by the movement of the practice of using equipment in a
to make a material strong, e,g, steel water factory which does not need (much)
hardware S hydraulics 20,21 human control
computer machinery, such as the CPU, a branch of science that deals with industrial gas 12
disk drives, monitor, and printer, Contrast practical applications of water in a gas used in an industrial process, e.g.
with software, motion the production of steel, plastics,
harmful 9, 13 hydrocarbon 23 chemicals, pulp and paper, microchips,
causing damage or injury to a person a naturally occurring organic compound auto parts, rubber, textile, glass, etc.
harvest 13 made up of hydrogen and carbon infectious 14
to gather in the crops when they are fully hydroelectric energy 19 describing a disease that can be spread,
grown; the crops which are ready to be the eletrical energy produced by the especially in the air or water
gathered in power of falling water infIuenza (fIu) 14
haui 7 hydroelectric scheme 19 a disease in which the patient has a
to carry, especially heavy goods a system for producing eletrical energy by usually mild fever
hazard 9 the power of falling water information extraction 17
danger hydrogeologist 22 technology which takes the meaningful
hazardous 2S a person who studies and works with message from the electronic signal
dangerous groundwater infra-red computer connection 29
headframe 22 hygiene 26 a type of connection that allows data to
the steel or timber frame at the top of a practices which keep a place, e.g. a be wirelessly transmitted from one device,
mine shaft kitchen, clean e.g. a computer directly to another device,
healthy 13 hygienic 2S e.g. a computer, when the infrared
not having any ilIness good for health, not causing disease window on one device is lined up with an
heart attack 14 infrared sensor on the other device
a medical condition caused by irregular identifY 4 inject 23
beating of the heart to find out the identity of something to put in a liquid
heat 24,25 idle 2 injection moulding 25
1. to make hot; 2, a high temperature not working, especially for a piece of a process in which molten plastic is
heatexchanger 19 equipment squeezed into a mould to make lots of
equipment or process to control the flow ilIness 13 identical objects. They can be very small
of heat at a desired rate mental or physical problem like a washer or quite large, like a bowl or
heat resistant 12 image 17,29 a clothes basket.
relating to the ability of a material to a two-dimensional representation of a inkjet printer S
prevent heat from f10wing through it scene, a picture a printer that places extremely small
heating 15,19 imaging equipment 18 droplets of ink onto paper to create an
the system needed to keep a building at a a piece of equipment, e.g. a scanner, that image
required temperature, especially during can produce a visual representation of innovate 3, 4
the winter an object, such as a body part, for the to begin or introduce (something new) for
herbicide 12, 26 purpose of medical diagnosis or data or as if for the first time
a substance that destroys unwanted collection innovation 3
plants, e,g. weeds immobilizer 11 a new technique or idea
hereditary 14 a device that makes a car immobile innovative 3
to describe a disease which is passed on (unable to move) being or producing something new
from parent to child impair fertility 9 innovator 3
high bandwidth 28 to damage the ability to have normal someone who helps to open up a new line
the bandwidth determines the rate at children of research or technology
which information can be transmitted impairment 14 inorganic elements and compounds 13
through the circuit: high bandwidth reduced ability substances made with the use of
allows more information to be sent in a import 7 chemicals
given amount of time to receive goods from a foreign country input 1
high speed 1 7 improve 4, 3 work or materials which go into
very fast 1. to make better; 2. to become better production
134
,
 insecticide 12. 26 finished items knitting milI 3 O
a substance that kilIs or destroys insects inventory control 8 a factory where knitted fabrics are made
inspect 8. 13 all the activities and procedures used to krafi 2 7
to check carefully control and maintain the right amount a high-strength paper made almost
inspection 8,22 of each item in stock or to provide the entirely of unbleached kraft pulp. Kraft
the process of checking carefully. required level of service at minimum paper is suitable for the production of
especially to identify faults cost paper sacks and paper bags.
install 6 investigate 4, 13
to prepare a piece of equipment or an to search or inquire into lab technician 3
electronic device so that it is ready for use iron 22 a technical specialist who works on
instrument 29 the fourth most common element. by scientific experimentation or research.
an electrical or mechanical device weight. making up the crust of the earth. laboratory (Iab) 3. 13
insulator 25 Its symbol is Fe a place where experiments are carried out
a material. e.g. plastic. which does not irradiation 26 lace-making 30
es allow heat or electricity to pass through the application of X rays or ultraviolet the activity of making lace (a decorative
intake manifold 11 light to make food last longer fabric made by knotting or twisting
the tubes that connect the base of the irreversible effects 9 threads)
carburettor to the intake ports a result that cannot be changed back to lading 7
integrate 17 its original state the freight shipped; the contents of a
to put together so that the resulting irrigation 20 shipment
product can work more efficiently the sytem of supplying land with water by LAN (local area network) 6
integrated circuit 5, 17 artificial means a group of personal computers linked
a small electronic device that contains ISP 6 together in order to share resources. such
many transistors, For example. the See internet service provider as programs. data. and peripherals
central processing unit in a computer is laptop (Iap top) 5
usually built on a single integrated jack 29 a type of computer that is easily portable.
circuit. called a chip. a socket which is used to complete an See also desk top.
integration 17 electrical connection. A plug is inserted laser 28.16
the process of putting together so that the into a jack to connect switches to a narrow beam of light that can be used
resulting product can work more electronic devices. to read barcodes in a supermarket. play
efficiently compact discs, etc.
integrative 17 laser printer 5
having the tendency to put together so a printer that uses a laser be arn to
that the resulting product can work more jelly 24 produce fast, high-quality output
efficiently a material that is between liquid and solid launder 30
interactive 6 join 25 to wash clothes
describing data communications. where a 1. to bring together. to connect; 2. the layer 23
user enters data and then waits for a place where two or more materials are a thickness of rock laid over oil or gas
e. response from the destination before connected layout 1
:e, continuing junction (electrical) box 16 the arrangement of equipment and
interconnect 6 a connection point where several cables tools
n to connect a telecommunications device are connected LCD screen 29
or service to the public switched a liquid crystal display consisting of two
telephone network keep...dry, clean. away from children. plates of glass with liquid crystal material
interference 28 etc. 9 between them
undesirable signals caused by two or more to cause something to continue to be... lead 22
signals combining together; interference dry, clean, away from children. etc. a bluish-white shiny metal; it is very soft.
can be constructive or destructive kelly 23 highly malleable. ductile. and a poor
interference immunity 28 a long square steel bar cross conductor of electricity; it is very resistant
)r the ability of equipment to receive signals with a hole drilIed through section to corrosion; its symbol is Pb
without the loss of accuracy the middle through which }
- End-on
lead time 2
interior partition 15 fluids flow View the time between two events. e.g. between
an inside wall that separates two rooms Outside an order being placed and its delivery
internet 6 vlew LED (light-emitting diode) 28
a worldwide collection of interconnected
networks. providing a wide variety of kerb (AmE curb) 20
} a semiconductor
when activated
that produces light

or services a line of raised stone s between the licence 13,23

internet service provider (ISP) 6 pavement and the ro ad (the written document that gives)
a company that provides businesses and kerosene (AmE) =
paraffin (BrE) 24 permission to do something, usually in
consumers with access to the internet. an oil made from petroleum which can be return for payment
interview 4 burned to give heat and light lifi (bridge) 20
1. to ask a person asks questions in order keyboard 5 a bridge that can be lifted to allow boats
to collect information; 2. the meeting at the device. consisting of letters. numbers to pass through
1e which a person asks questions in order to and symbols, that a user types on to input light 16
collect information information to a computer the electric system that produces artificial
intranet 6 kinetic energy 19 light
a network internal to an organization the power of something moving. e.g. light-emitting diode 28
that uses the same methodology and running water See LED
techniques as the internet Imit 30 lighting 15
inventory 1 to construct a fabric by looping yarns the electrical system that lights a room or
items held in stock. work in progress and together either by hand or by machine building
135

....
 lighting system 16 lubricant 24 manufacture 18
See light a substance, often oi!, which makes solid to make, using machinery, often in a
lightweight 25,28 surfaces move more easily together factory
not heavy, light lubricate 24 manufacturing 1
lignite 22 to put a substance, often oil, onto a solid making a product, usually in a factory
the lowest rank of coa!, often referred to as surface to make it move more easily manufacturing cost 1 7
brown coal or young coal; it is used almost against another solid surface includes quality-related costs, direct and
exclusively for electric power generation lubricating oil 24 indirect labour, equipment repair and
limestone 22 an oil which makes a solid surface move maintenance, other manufacturing
a general term used commercially (in the more easily against another solid surface support and overheads, and other costs
manufacture of lime) for rocks containing lubrication 24 directly associated with manufacturing
at least 80% of the carbonates of calcium the process of putting a substance, often operations. It typically does not include
or magnesium oil, onto a solid surface to make it move purchased materials or costs related
line 1 more easily against another solid surface to sales and other non-production
See assembly line luxury 11 functions.
linen 27,30 top-of the-range cars, offering speed, manufacturing process 10
a type of heavy cloth made from a plant comfort and lots of features, at a high cost the production of goods using manual
called flax labour or machinery
link 6 macadam 2O
mapping 23
1. to join together; 2, a physical circuit road surface material made from small the activity of drawing a map
between two points stone s and tar (after MacAdam 19th marble 22
livestock 2 6 century British engineer) a type of hard limestone, usually white
animals kept on a farm machine operator 11 and streaked or mottled, which can be
load 7 a worker who works on one of the
polished; it is often used in sculpture and
1. to put goods into the vehicle in which machines used in car assembly architecture
it will be transported; 2, the amount of machine part 10 mason 15
freight to be carried a part of a machine a craft worker who works with brick,
load-bearing 21 machine tool 10 stone, concrete or similar materials
the ability to support the weight of a a machine for cutting or shaping wood, master brake cylinder 11
construction. The support can be provided meta!, etc., by means of a tool the part of the hydraulic brake system
by the earth or by a wall. machinery 1,2,9, 16 which stores the brake fluid
load-bearing wall 15 machines used in production mat 15
a wall that supports any vertical lo ad in magnetic energy 19 1. a large footing or foundation slab used
addition to its own weight the power produced by a a piece of metal, to support an entire structure; 2. a grid of
local area network 6 especially iron, which can draw other
reinforcing bars
See LAN objects to it naturally or beca use an matchbox 27
location-based service 29 electric current is passed through it a small box for matches
main 20
an information service that tracks a material 2, 7
a chief pipe which supplies gas or water
cellular phone user's location within the anything used in production to make the
mainframe 5
mobile network and provides a variety of finished product
a large computer
additional services. An example is Global materials handling 1
maintain l, 5
Positioning System and cellular the efficient movement of materials from
to keep in good working order
technologies that enable a new generation one part of the factory to another
maintenance 21
of electronic devices to know where they materials management 7
activities carried out after the project to
are, and are capable of modifying the the movement and management of
ensure that the structure is kept in good
information they collect and present based materials and products from procurement
working order
on that knowledge. make-to-order 2 through production
lock 20 mathematics 10
to produce goods after an order has been the science of numbers
the section of a canal where the water
received
level changes to raise boats from one level matt 12
make-to-stock 2
to the next describes the appearance of a surface
to produce goods which will be stored until
an order is received which is dull; not shiny
maximize 1
malaria 14
to get the greatest benefit or use of
a tropical disease transmitted by the
something, e.g. a machine
mosquito
MCA 13
manganese 22
log 27 See Medicines Control Authority
a gray-white, hard, brittle metallic
a thick piece of wood which has been cut mean 4
element; its symbol is Mn
down the arithmetic average of a set of data
manhole 20
logistics 1 measure 1
a hole near a road through which a man
the control of the movement of materials to calculate the amount, weight or size of
may go down, especially to gain access to
in a factory something
an underground or enclosed structure
lorry 7, 11 measurement scale 4
a large vehicle for transporting goods by the complete range of possible values for
road a measurement
lot 1, 2 mechanical 10
a group of items, often finished goods describing something that is moved or
lowattenuation 28 manipulate 5 produced by a machine
a low levelloss in power of a signal to use for one's own purpose, e.g. to mechanicalloader 22
between transmission and reception extract data from a database and then a mechanical shovel or other machine for
points. See also attenuation. create a special report using that data loading coa!, ore, minera!, or rock o
136
,
 mechanics 10,20 mine car 22 mould (AmE mold) 11, 25
the science of the action of forces on objects a car that can be loaded at production a hollow form into which very hot metal
median 4 points and hauled to the pit bottom or or plastic is poured to form a product in
the middle value in a distribution surface in a train the desired shape
medical instrumentation 18 miner 22 mouse 5
objects used in the field of medicine, also a person engaged in the business or a sm all device with a ball on the bottom.
medical instruments occupation of getting ore, coa!, precious As you move the mous e across a surface,
medicinal drug 13 substances, or other natural substances the ball turns, turning receptors inside the
a drug that is taken for healing, rather out of the earth mouse, which send signals to the
than recreationa!, purposes mineral 22 computer.
Medicines Control Authority 13 a natural resource extracted from the movement 7
the U.K. Agency responsible for overseeing earth for human use; e.g. ores, salts, coa!, transportation
food and pharmaceutical products. See also or petroleum MPV 11
Food and Drugs Administration. mini 11 See multi-purpose vehicle
medium 11 a range of small cars, usually sold at a muffler (AmE) 11
a range of medium-size cars sold at a cheap price and offering good fuel See silencer
moderate cost economy multipair cable 28
meet 8 mining 10,22 one of four basic types of wire found in
to reach the expected level the process of removing soil and/or rock telecommunications, a multiconductor
melting point 13 materials from one place and transporting cable with a single outer insulation and
the temperature at which a solid turns into them to another; the science, technique, many internal balanced (twisted-pair)
aliquid and business of mineral discovery and lines bundled into a common sheath. The
memo 29 exploitation other types are single-wire line, open-wire
a short communication that reminds mining engineer 22 pairs, and coaxial cable.
someone of something a specialist in one or more branches of singlechannel
message 29 work. Activities may include prospecting,
a communication sent from a person or surveying, sampling and valuation,
program to another person or program technical underground management,
metal 20 ventilation control, geological examination, multiple sclerosis 14
small, broken stones used to make the and company administration. a disease which, over time, causes loss of
surface of roads mint 10 movement and control of bodily actions
metallic-pair circuit 28 to make a metal piece by stamping, e.g. multi-purpose vehicle 11
a pair of wires which connect the coins a range of cars which combines comfort
subscriber's network termination to the mitigation 13 for 6-8 passengers and their luggage, style
fixed public phone network steps taken to avoid or minimize negative and performance
metalliferous 22 environmental influences
containing metal or metals of the heavier mobile 29 nap 30
type able to move 1. to raise the surface of a fabric by
methanol 12 mobility 29 brushing; 2. the soft, brushed surface of a
a colourless, toxic, flammable alcohol with the capacity or ability to move or be fabric
the formula CH3OH, which boils at moved natural gas 19
64.5°C, and mixes with water, ether, mode 4 gas which is taken from under the earth or
alcohol; used in manufacture of the single category among the categories seabed
formaldehyde, chemical synthesis, in the distribution with the largest number navigation 18
antifreeze for autos, and as a solvent of observations used to describe the equipment that keeps
me-too product 3 model 11 a vehicle, e.g. a car, ship or plane, on the
a product that has been made using a vehicle can be identified by features, right course
principies, practices, or designs copied e.g. manufacturer, make, engine size needs (usually pi) 8
from and closely similar to a competitor modifY 4 what someone, usually the customer,
microphone 29 to change needs. See als o requirements.
a device which modulates an electric modifYing compound 25 net-making 30
current so that it can transmit or record chemical combinations of materials which the activity of making net (an openwork
sound make a finished plastic product fabric made of threads or cords that are
microwave 28 modulation 17,28 woven or knotted together at regular
1. the portion of the electromagnetic the process of changing a signal for intervals)
spectrum above about 760 megahertz transmission by phone, radio or TV network 6, 29
(MHz); 2. high-frequency transmission molten 25 any number of computers (e.g. PCs and
signals and equipment that employ the liquid state that results when a solid, servers) and devices (e.g. printers and
microwave frequencies, including line-of- e.g. plastic, is heated to a very high moderns) joined together by a physical
sight open-air microwave transmission temperature communications link
and, increasingly, satellite monitor 5, 8 neurosis 14
communications 1. a piece of equipment, like a TV, on a mental disorder in which the sufferer has
midwife 14 which the user can see text and graphics; unreasonable fears about the real world
a medical professional who delivers babies 2. to check newsprint 27
mill 27 monomer 25 an inexpensive type of paper made from
the factory where paper is made the simple form of a chemical (derived wood pulp or recycled paper, used mainly
mine 22 from oi!, coal or natural gas) from which for newspapers
1. to get ore, metals, coa!, or precious plastic is made. See als o polymer. nitrate 12
stones out of the earth; 2. an opening or motor 19,16 a compound containing N03 and
excavation in the ground for the purpose a machine that changes power, especially including nitrogen and oxygen with more
of extracting minerals electrical power, into movement oxygen than a nitrite
137

.....
 -

noise 9,28 oil and gas 18 optimization 2 'r

unwanted or unpleasant sound used to describe the industry which looks the process of using equipment in the best
noisy 9 for, extracts and produces oil and gas for possible way
loud industrial or commercial use optimize 1
nonload-bearing wall 15 oil field 23 to get the best use of something, e.g. a
a wall that doesn't support a verticalload a place where oil can be extracted machine
nonmetalliferous 22 oily 23 ore 22
not containing meta!. See also covered with oil; having the feel of oil the naturally occurring material from
metalliferous. olefin 12 which a mineral or minerals of economic
non-rusting 25 a family of unsaturated, chemically active value can be extracted
the quality of plastic not to oxidize (rust) hydrocarbons with one carbon-carbon organic compound 13
norm 4 dau ble bond, made by cracking alkanes a compound (material made up of two or
a standard and used to make plastics and antifreeze more elements) containing carbon
notebook (note book) 5 omnidirectional antenna 29 organize 5
a small compact computer, smaller than a an antenna that is equally effective in all to plan; to put together in an orderly way
lap top directions ornamental 22
nozzle 25 onshore 23 describing any stone of beauty and
the narrow end through on the land. See als o offshore. durability used for decoration
which hot plastic opacity 27 orthodontist 14
is squeezed the quality of paper to let the light a medical professional who specializes in
nuclear energy 19 through putting teeth straight
energy which is produced in a power open coal fire 19 orthopaedist 14
station using the nucleus of an atom a small open area (without doors) in a a medical professional who specializes in
nuclear physics 21 house where coal is burned to produce straightening (children's) bones
the study of an atom's nucleus, and the heat osteopath 14
interactions of its parts a medical professional who treats patients
nuclear plant 19 by by moving and applying pressure to
a power station which produces nuclear muscles and bones
energy output 2
nuclear power plant 19 the volume of goods which are produced
See nuclear plant open-pit 22 overcurrent 16
nuclear power station 20 a type of mine where the minerals are a current higher than the rated current
a place where atomic energy is produced extracted from the surface. See als o strip for a device or conductor. An overcurrent
nurse 14 mine. can result from an overload, short circuit.
a medical professional who looks after the open-wire pair 28 or ground fault.
sid:, often in hospital one of four basic types of wire found in overload 16
nutrient management 12 telecommunications, this is a parallel the result of tou much electricity passing
the use of a combination of fertilization copper wire for the forward and return through the system
techniques to ensure healthy growth of current path. The parallel arrangement overtime 2
crops produces a balanced transmission circuit; the working time in addition to normal
nutritionist 14 however, cross talk is more difficult to working time
a medical professional who specializes in eliminate. The other types are single-wire oxide 12
food and food disorders line, coaxial cable, and multipair cable. a compound of oxygen and another
nylon 30 operating system 5 element; magnetic tape is coated with fine
a synthetic fibre that is strong, silky, the basic set of instructions that a particles of manganese oxide
resistant to creases and stains, and computer uses to operate
washable operations 1 pack 7
the production system in a service 1. to put into containers, e.g. boxes,
observe 13 industry cartons, packaging, ready for
to watch closely optic cable (also optical cable) 28 transportation; 2. the goods in a container
obstetrician 14 a cable made of glass fibres through packaging . 7, 27
a medical professional who specializes in which signals are transmitted as puls es of materials, either paper or plastic, used to
the birth of children light. It is a broadband medium that can protect goods in transit
occupational health 9 easily provide capacity for a large number packet 6
the area that deals with your health at of channels. a block of information; a collection of bits
work optical communications 28 that contains both control information
occupational therapist 14 a technology which transmits signals in and data, and is the basic unit of
a medical professional who helps patients the form of light along fibres made of transmission in a packet-switched network
recover from their illness by helping them glass or plastic packet-based 29
to start work again optical fibre 6 a method of transmitting messages
octava 27 a plastic or glass (silicon dioxide) fibre no through a communication network, in
the size of a piece of paper after it has thicker than a human hair that carries which long messages are subdivided into
been folded 3 times, Le. there are 8 pieces signals in the form of laser light pulses. short packets and routed to their final
odour 13 An optical fibre pair can carry thousands destination
smell of telephone calls at the same time, or a packing list 7
offshore 23 combination of video and voice. An a document prepared by the shipper
places in oceans, se as or large lakes. See optical fibre cable can contain tens or listing the kinds and quantities of goods
also onshore. even hundreds of fibres. in the shipment
oil 12, 19 optical transmission 28 paddle 20
a viscous, combustible liquid that does a process which sends signals in the form a sluice that is raised and lowered to allow
nat mix with water of light along fibres made of glass or plastic water in or out of a lock
138
,
 paediatrician 14 pasteurization 26 physical 10
a medical professional who specializes in process to destroy dangerous organisms concerning material things
children's diseases in liquids. e.g. milk, by heating physical connection 6
paint 24 patent 3 a link made with cables
1. to put a liquid (a pigment plus oil or an exclusive right by law for inventors to physics 10
water) on a surface to change its colour; 2. make use of their inventions for a limited the science which deals with matter and
a liquid (a pigment plus oil or water) that period of time natural forces
can be put on a surface to change its patient 13 physiotherapist 14
colour a pers on who goes to hospital for a medical professional who uses exercise
paint finish 12 treatment to help patients to use their bodies
a paint's finish affects how shiny the pavement 20 again
finished paint surface willlook a special area where pedestrians can walk picking list 7
paint shop 11 PBX 29 the list of products to be taken to fulfill
the place in automobile manufacturing See Private Branch Exchange an order
where the body of a car is painted PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) 29 pickup 11
painter 15 a handheld computer that serves as an a truck with a closed cab and an open
a worker who uses pigments to decorate organizer for personal information box
and protect coatings peat 22 pie chart 8
paints and coatings 12 peat is formed in marshes and swamps a graphical tool. drawn like a cake, that
a group of emulsions generally consisting from the dead and partly decomposed helps you to visualize the relative
of pigments suspended in a liquid medium remains of the marsh vegetation importance of several categories of a
for use as decorative or protective coatings. pedestrian crossing 2 O variable
Modern paints and coatings consist of very a place where pedestrians can cross a pier 2 O
many compounds designed to fulm the busy road a structure built out into the water. usually
different requirements of hundreds of people carrier 11 a sea or a lake. which can be used as a
thousands of applications. a range of large vehicles. which combine landing place for boats, as a walking area
pallet 7 size and comfort for pedestrians or to protect a harbour
a platform with or without sides, on which permit 23 pile 15
a number of packages or pieces may be a document which allows you to do a long substantial pole of wood, concrete
loaded so that they can be moved more something or metal. driven into the earth or sea bed
easily. e.g. by forklift truck. personal organizer 29 to secure a firm foundation. on which the
panelboard 16 See PDA foundation footing is laid
electrical power distribution device in pest 2 6 pill 14
commercial and industrial applications an animal or insect which damages a tablet
which provide circuit control and food pilot 3
overcurrent protection for light. heat or pest control 26 a small-scale experiment
power circuits the activity of stopping animals or insects pipeline (in the pipeline) 3.24
from damaging food. either by better undergoing preparation, production. or
hygience or by chemicals completion
pest management 12 placebo 13
the reduction of pest problems a substance which is given in place of a
pesticide 12. 2 6 real medicine
a substance that kills or destroys small planning 1
paperboard 27 animals the stage in a process when you say what
thicker paper petrochemical 12.24 you are going to do (see als o controlling)
papermaking stock 27 a chemical derived from petroleum or plant l, 13
a mixture of water and fibres natural gas a factory
=
paramn (BrE) kerosene (AmE) 24 petrol (BrE) 24 plasterer 15
an oil made from petroleum which can be an oil made from petroleum used to power a craft worker who covers walls and
burned to give heat and light cars, planes. etc. ceilings with a material. usually made of
paramedic 14 petroleum 19 portland cement mixed with sand and
a medical professional who helps at the mineral oil found under the earth or water
scene of an accident. but who do es not seabed which is used to produce petrol plastic 12.24
have the same training as a doctor and other chemicals a carbon-based substance consisting of
Pareto chart 8 petroleum production 10 long chains (polymers) of simple
a graphical tool for showing causes from the process which takes crude oil and molecules
most significant to least significant. It is turns it into petrol plastics and fibres 12
based on the suggestion that most effects pharmaceutical 18 man-made polymers, made by the
corne from relatively few causes; that is, relating to the production of medicine chemical industry, using raw materials
80% of the effects corne from 20% of the pharmaceuticals 12 obtained from crude oil
possible causes. The Pareto chart is one of describing drugs or medicines in general plate 10
the "seven tools of quality". pharmacist 14 1. to cover one metal with a thin layer of
part 11 a medical professional who sells medicines another, e.g. silver plate; 2. the metal
a component of a vehicle phone line 29 covering
particle size 13 includes all wires. cables. instruments. plate girder 2 O
the size of a tiny mas s of material etc.. to make a phone call a horizontal iron or steel place in a
PAS 11 phosphate rock 22 building or bridge that supports vertical
See power-assisted steering a mineral containing the element loads
passive 17 phosphorus, a basic plant nutrient; it is platform 23
a passive device does not need a source of essential to all forms of life and is used in an offshore structure from which wells
energy for its operation. See also active. the manufacture of fertilizer are drilled
139

-"""""rr..
 -

plumber 15 power station 19 product development 3

a craft worker skilled in the installation, see power plant ~ changing and improving a product to
repair, and maintenance of water and achieve the best possible result
waste systems in buildings product labelling 13
plutonium 19 the use of written, printed, or graphic
a manmade substance widely used in the materials with a product or its container
production of nuclear power or wrapper, giving information about the
pneumonia 14 product and its use
a serious disease of the lungs which causes power train 11 production la
difficulty in breathing an engine and transmission combination 1. the department of a company
poison 9, 14 powerhouse 19 concerned with making something, often
a substance which is harmful if eaten or See power plant in a factory; 2. the activity of making
drunk practical application 3 something in a factory
polish 30 the action of using something for a productivity 1,2
1. to smooth the surface of a fabric; particular purpose the output rate per worker or per machine
2. material used to smooth the surface of a precautionary 9 program 5
fabric describing action taken to stop loss, this gives a computer instructions which
poliu tant 24 damage or injury provide the user with tools to perform a
something that makes the air, water or soil preliminary design 21 task, e.g. word processing
dirty the development stage in which proposal 21
pollute 24 dimensions, materials and costs are a suggested plan for a structure, usually
to make the air, water or soil dirty estimated giving technical and price information
pollution 24 preliminary feasibility study 21 propylene 12
the effect caused by making the air, water an investigation to assess both financial a petroleum derivative used to make
or soil dirty. and engineering aspects of a number of plastics; it is a colourless unsaturated
polyester 3 O proposals in order to choose one or more hydrocarbon gas, with boiling point of
a synthetic fibre that is crease resistant, for more detailed examination -47°C; used to manufacture plastics and
quick drying and strong, used in clothing preservative 13 as a chemical intermediate
r and carpets a substance, usually a chemical. that prospect 22
polyethylene 12 helps to keep something good for a to examine a territory for its mineral
I a polymer made trom ethylene; it is a longer time wealth
tough, sturdy plastic film having very press 26,27,30 prospector 22
, good, low temperature characteristics to squeeze out liquid by pressure; a person who looks for valuable minerals
I polymer 25 to squeeze out water between rollers (in protect 9
the compound form of a chemical made papermaking) to keep safe from loss, damage or injury
I
I from a number of monomers. See also press shop 11 protection 9
monomer. the production stage in automobile the act or material to keep someone or
polypropylene 12 manufacturing when the bodywork something safe from loss, damage or injury
a derivative of propylene used to make panels are pressed into shape protective 9
plastics and fibres. with a wide range of pressure 2 3 describing something that keeps someone
applications, e.g. kitchen tools and carpets the natural force of the oil underground or something safe from loss, damage or
porosity 27 which can push it naturaily out of the well injury, e.g. clothing
the porosity describes the extent to which a prevent 8 protocol 6
paper's surface allows air to pass through to stop something happening rules for communicating, particularly for
and ink to penetrate. Generally, coated prevention 8 the format and transmission of data
papers have low porosity and hold ink on the action of stopping something trom prototype 2, 3, 11
the surface well. happening the first version of a product
portable 29 prioritize 8 psychosis 14
describing something that can be easily to organize activi ties according to their a serious disease of the mind, where the
carried importance patient loses touch with reality
poster 2 7 Private Branch Exchange (PBX) 29 pulp 27
a type of highly mechanical. highly filled, a private telephone network used within 1. to convert wood into a fibrous material
mostly coloured paper that has been made an organization. Users of the PBX share a by a mechanical or a chemical process;
weather resistant by sizing certain number of outside lines for 2. a cellulose plant fibre cleaned and
post-harvest handling 26 making external calls. beaten into a wet mixture used to form
activities in the food and fibre sector that process 5,8,21, l,12,24 sheets of paper
occur arter agricultural products are sold 1. to examine data; 2. a system(s) used to pulp and paper 18
trom, or leave, the farm manufacture products; 3. to change a raw the industry which converts wood into
pothole 20 material into a finished product paper
a hole in the surface of a road caused by process control 8 pump 10,22,23
traffic or bad weather methods to keep a process within 1. to force a liquid, air or gas out of or
power 15.16,18,24 boundaries and minimize the variation of into something; 2. a machine to force a
the force generated by electricity or other the process liquid, air or gas out of or into
energy processing 26 something
power assisted steering 11 the treatment of agricultural outputs into pure basic research 3
a steering system in which a hydraulic fmished (food) products the study of pure scientific principies
pump helps the driver to turn the steering produce 1 pure research 3
wheel to make research carried out to increase
power plant 19 product approval 18 knowledge about an area with little
a place where energy is produced, e.g. the process which gets permission for a concern for any immediate or practical
nuclear power plant, gas power plant product to be used benefits that might result.
,140
 purity standards 13 rag 27 recover 17,23
the extent to which a substance is free the two main rag fibres used in to return something, e.g. a radio or TV
from harmful or damaging matter papermaking are cotton and linen. Rag signa!, to its former or normal state so
pylon 20 paper consists of 25-60% rag fibre and that the information in the signal can be
a tall tower to support the ends of a the rest is chemical wood pulp. heard or seen
number of power wires over a lang span railway line 20 recovery 1 7
e the metal tracks along which trains run the process of returning something, e.g. a
qualitative research 4 rainproof 16 radio or TV signa!, to its former or normal
this type of research gives an in-depth describing the ability to stay dry in spite of state so that the information in the signal
understanding of why people hold the rain can be heard or seen
n particular views. It is used to identify nat raintight 16 rectify 8
only what people think but also. more describing the ability to keep rain out to correct a problem
importantly, the rea sons why they hold raise 22, 26 recurrent 14
such views. 1. to keep animals and help them to grow: something that happens again and again
ne quality 1 2. a vertical or indined opening in a mine recyde 9,25
the level of goodness: the concept of driven upward from a level to connect to prepare a material so that it can be
quality concerns how well and for how with the level above, or to explore the used again, e.g. paper, glass
lang a product or service meets the ground for a limited distance above one redundant 28
requirements of the customer level describing that part of the total
quantity surveyor 15 RAM (Random Access Memory) 5 information contained in a message that
a person who measures and prices the memory that can be used by can be taken away without loss of
building work applications to perform necessary tasks essential information
quarry 22 while the computer is on refine 24, 27
an open or surface mineral working, random 4 to make pure or dean; to break down into
usually to extract building stone, such as having no specific pattern fibres for pulp making
slate and limestone rate process 10 refiner 27
quartz 22 the speed at which a manufacturing step a machine containing rotating disks
a mineral which indudes amethyst, rock is carried out between which wood chips are broken
crystal and tigereye raw materials 1 down into fibres for pulp making
query 5 items which are used in the conversion refinery 24
a question which allows a computer user process from input to output a plant or equipment to dean
to extract data from a database rayon 30 petroleum
quick-fi-eezing 26 an early synthetic textile like silk, made
process which keeps flavours in food by from fibres produced chemically from
reducing the temperature of the food very cellulose. It is similar to polyester but
quickly more elastic.
quire 27 react 25
ry 24 identical pieces of paper to change when mixed with another
chemical reflected propagation 28
te radar 16,18 reaction 12 the movement of energy in the form of
a device that uses electromagnetic waves the recombination of two substances waves which have contact with a very
to calculate the distance of an object using parts of each substance to produce large object when compared to the
radiation 9, 14 new substances wavelength of the propagating wave.
Ir the (harmful) effects of heat. light or reaction injection moulding 25 Reflection occurs from the surface of the
other energy in the form of energy a process in which two chemicals are earth and from buildings and walls. See
radiator 11 mixed together and squirted into a mould. also surface propagation.
equipment which keeps the engine cool The chemicals react together. This is how refrigeration 26
they make car bumpers, some disposable the keeping of food cool to preserve it
cups and plates, and the meat trays in register a patent 3
supermarkets. to record an exdusive right in law to
ream 27 make use of an invention for a limited
al 500 identical sheets of paper period of time
receive 6,17,29 regulated 9
to obtain a signal: to turn electrical waves controlled
radio 18 into sound and pictures regulator 26
a device to receive wireless audio signals receiver 28 something which controls, e.g. a plant
radio transmission 28 a device that captures a broadcast over growth regulator controls the speed at
the process and technology of sending the air, or a transmission by satellite or which plants grow
signals as radio waves through the cable or microwave, and then presents it regulatory authority 13
atmosphere for listening, data processing, or viewing the organization that checks whether
radio wave 17,28 reception 17,29 rules and regulations are being
a a sound wave which is sent or received the ability of a radio or television to turn followed
electrical waves into sound and pictures reinforced-concrete 15
through the air
radio active dosage form 14 receptive 1 7 a combination of steel and concrete
a medical preparation based on X-rays being willing to take in new ideas (usually relay station 29
radiographer 14 of a pers on) an intermediate station that passes
a medical professional who takes X-rays record 4, 5 information between terminals or other
for medical purposes 1. to set down in writing: 2. all relay stations
radiologist 14 documentary material set down in writing; release 18
li a medical professional who uses X-rays to data which can be stored in an electronic a (new version of a) product that is
treat patients form, e.g. as a file or in a database offered to users
141

- - - "
 -

reliability 4, 17 rice mil!ing 26 run 2

the extent to which different experiments the process of crushing rice into small 1. to operate equipment; 2. the time when
using the same data produce consistent grains equipment operates; 3. the output from
results, rig 23 the operation of equipment
reliable 17 a structure that contains all the necessary
the quality that an item has when it equipment for dril!ing safetyengineer 22
can perform a required function under rigid connection 15 an employee who inspects all dangerous
stated conditions for a specified period a connection between two structural places in a mine or plant
of time members that prevents end rotation of safety risk 13
rely 1 7 one relative to the other a danger; something that can cause
to trust someone or something to perform rinse 9 injury or damage
a required function under stated to wash in clean water safety standard 13
conditions for a specified period of time risk 9 rules or models to ensure freedom from
removal 22 danger danger
the process of taking out minerals road 2 O salt 12
repair 1,8,18 a general word for open ways along the chemical sodium chloride (NaCI),
to mend which vehicles, persons, and animals can which is used in baking and cooking to
repeater 28 move add or improve the t1avour of food
a device inserted at intervals along a road roller 20 sampling 4, 8
circuit to boost. and amplify an analogue a machine with heavy wide smooth the pro ces s of choosing cases or elements
signal rollers used in ro ad making to make the for a study
report 4 surface smooth sanitary 27
1. to make or present often official. robot 18 a type of paper made from waste paper
formal. information; 2. the official. computer software that runs and/or chemical pulp. These grades are
formal. information collected continuously and responds automatically used to make toilet paper and other
requirement 2 to a user' s activity; machine that is sanitary products, such as handkerchiefs,
something that is needed for a particular programmed to do some of the work kitchen wipes, towels and cosmetic tissues.
process of man sanitary engineering 26
requirements (usually pi) 8 robotics 16 the treatment of animal waste with
what someone, usually the customer, the study of how robots are made and machines
needs (see also needs) used satellite 28
research 4, 11 rock 22 a man-made object that is sent into orbit
1. to investigate the causes and effects of in geology, the material that forms the around the earth, the moon, etc.. for
a subject of interest; 2. an investigation essential part of the earth' s solid crust; a some purpose
into the causes and effects of a subject of combination of one or more minerals satellite communications 18
interest rock formation 23 the use of a man-made object that is sent
research assistant 3 the particular location and type of rock into orbit around the earth, the moon,
a pers on who helps with research rock mapping 23 etc., to send and receive electronic
reserves (normally pi) 23 the activity of drawing a map to show the signals
the total quantity of oil or gas which can location and type of rock satin 30
stil! be extracted rocket 24 a very shiny, soft fabric made of silk,
reservoir 23 a vehicle for space trave I rayon or polyester. It is often used for
rock formation containing oil and/or roll 10.25,27 formal dresses and men's evening wear.
natural gas 1. to turn over; 2. to make t1at by satisfy 2
resistor 17 pres sure applied by a roller. e.g. to to give customers what they want, need
an electrical component that limits or make thin sheets of steel by passing it or expect
regulates the t10w of electrical current in between large rollers; 3. a mas s of scanner 5
an electronic circuit material in cylindrical or rounded form; a device which analyses an Image, and
a quantity of paper formed into a large then captures and processes it so that
cylinder or ball it can be saved to a file on your
response 4 roof 15 computer
a reply, an answer the top cover of a building or structure schedule 2
restore 2 8 roofer 15 1. to timetable (a part 01) production;
to return a signal to its previous state a craft worker who constructs or repairs 2. a production timetable
retransmit 28 roofs scheme 21
to transmit again rooting felt 15 a plan
retrieve 5,29 a fibrous material saturated with asphalt scientitic 3
to get back, e.g. data which has been used under the roof describing knowledge obtained by the
stored on a disk rotary table 23 collection of evidence or data.
reverse osmosis 2 6 the revolving or spinning section of the scientist 3
filtration process to remove particles from dril!t1oor that provides power to turn the a person who collects evidence or data in
a solution. It is used to purify water and dril! string in a clockwise direction (also order to convert it into knowledge
remove salts and other impurities in order called turntable) scrap 8
to improve the colour, taste or properties rubber 12 a product which cannot be used, usually
of the t1uid. a natural. synthetic. or modified high because it has a defect
reversible fabric 3 O polymer with elastic properties; it is a screen 5
a fabric that can be worn in two different good insulator a monitor on which the user can see text
ways by simply reversing it to the other rubbery 25 and graphics
side t1exible, easy to bend, like rubber seal 9
rework 8 rug 30 to fasten or close tightly so that air or
to correct a fault in a product small carpet water cannot get in
142
,
 search 3 shelter15 skip 22
1. to make a thorough examination of; a place which provides protection against an open iron vehicle or car on four
2. the act of making a thorough the elements wheels, running on rails and used
examination of or exploration for shift 2 especially on inclines or in inclined shafts
search engine 5 the period of time worked by a group of slack 2
a special site on the web that is designed workers the period of time when there is low
to help you find information stored on ship 7, 24 demand for products and for production
other sites. A search engine searches the 1. to transport, especially by sea; 2. a slate 22
internet, based on important words, keeps vehicle for transporting goods by sea a rock that can be split into slabs and thin
an index of the words it finds, and where shipment 7 plates
they find them, and allows you to look for goods for tansportation slippery 25
words or combinations of words found in shipper 7 difficult to hold or stand on, especially
that indexo a company which transports goods when wet
secondary feasibility study 21 shock 9 sluice 20
an investigation to choose the best violent force, often of electricity passing a structure that allows water to flow in or
scheme from those that have been through a body out in order to change the water level in a
shortlisted shock absorber 11 canal
sediment 22 an oil filled device used to control the slurry 27
solid broken material that comes from movement of the springs in the a liquid mixture consisting of fibres in
weathering of rocks and is carried or suspension system water used in the papermaking process
deposited by air, water, or ice shoe sole 25 small family 11
seize 13 the underside of the front part of a a range of cars intended for a small family
to take, usually by force shoe smoking 9
semiconductor 18, 17 short circuit 16 the habit of taking in the smoke from
a special type of material with more a situation where the electrical current cigarette, cigar or pipe tobacco, which
resistance than a conductor, but less than takes an easier path than the one is often prohibited or is a risk in
that of an insulator. intended factories
shovel 20, 22 soap 12,24
a long-handled tool with a broad blade a material with which you can wash
Transisto~ Diode used to lift and throw material soft shoulder 2 O
showroom 11 the edge of a motorway or other ro ad
separate 24 a large room where customers can look at where cars can stop in an emergency
to divide into parts cars for sale soften 10,25
separation 24 shrinkage 3O to make something softer, e.g. fibres
the process of dividing into parts the amount of loss due to contraction of software (program) 5
sequence 2 the fibres, especially during washing the set of instructions that make
the order of steps in which production sign 25 computer hardware perform tasks
will be carried out a notice giving information Pro grams and operating systems are
server 5 signal 6, 16,28,29 examples of software.
a networked computer that provides a pulse of light, current or sound that is soil 26,20
services to client computers. Servers used to convey information top layer of the earth where plants grow
include file servers, disk servers, print silencer (AmE muffler) 11 soil makeup 26
servers, etc. a unit through which exhaust gases pas s the elements that you can find in soil
service panel 16 to reduce the nois e of the running soil mana gement 12
main power cabinet through which engine soil management can improve soils in
electricity is brought into a building silicon 17 terms of their fertility
serviette 2 7 very common substance widely used to soil mechanics 21
soft paper for wiping one's mouth when make semiconductor material a branch of mechanics that evaluates the
eating silk 30 load-bearing qualities and stability of the
set up 2, 11 a fine, strong fibre produced by the larva ground
1. to put in place ready for use; 2. the of silk worms and silk moths. It is strong, solar cell 19
physical organization of equipment in a resilient and takes colour very well. a device for producing electricity from
workshop or factory single-wire line 28 sunlight
set-up time 2 one of four basic types of wire found in solar energy 19
the time needed to change the physical telecommunications, a single wire is energy which is produced by the sun
organization of equipment strung between pales without shielding or solar panel 19
severe 14 protection from noise interference (used a collection of solar cells fitted into a
serious in early days of telegraphy). The other board
sewer 20 types are open-wire pairs, multipair solid dosage form 14
an underground structure to carry off cables, and coaxial cables. a medical preparation based on solid, e.g.
waste and surface water a tablet, rather than a liquid
shallow 15 solid-state electronics 16
nat going far down, usually into the describing equipment that contains
ground. See also deep. semiconductor devices in an electronic
share files 6 circuit
when two or more users give each other
access to electronic information site 1
shear 30 the place where a factory is built
to cut off the wool from sheep site investigation 21
sheet 2 7 a survey of the area where a structure
acut piece of paper will be built
143

-
 solubility 13 squeeze 2 5 storage system 17
the ability of a solid or powder to dissolve to press a liquid through a narrow hole or a physical or electronic method to store
in water space items so that they can be easily retrieved
solution 14 stability 15, 21 at a later date
something in the form of a liquid ability to restore to original condition store l, 5, 17,24
solvent 24 after being disturbed by some force 1. to put something into a system so that
a chemical substance that dissol ves other stamp 11 it can easily been found again; 2. the
substances to form or cut Dut place where materials are kept, e.g. a
sort 25 standard 4 warehouse storage
to arrange things into different groups 1. an accepted measure which can be strand 20
sound-deadening material 15 used for comparison; 2. serving as an one of the wires twisted together to form
a material which prevents the passage of accepted measure the cable which supports a bridge
sound statistics 4 strategic basic research 3
source encoder 28 techniques and procedures for analysing, studies that are carried out with the
a device which maps the source into a set interpreting and displaying data expectation that they wilI produce a
of binary strings steam cracking 24 broad base of knowledge likely to form
space technology 18 a process in which hydrocarbon molecules the background to the solution (compare
practical science which deals with what is are broken into small fragments by steam with pure research)
outside the earth's air at very high temperatures string 2 5
span 20 steam power 19 a long thin piece of material
the stretch between two supports on a energy which is produced by the vapour stringent conditions 13
bridge (steam) given off by very hot water demanding strict attention to rules and
speaker (= loudspeaker) 29 steel 11 regulations
a device that converts electrical signals hard, shiny metal made from iron practices that set hard standards
into sound waves steering system 11 strip mining 22
specialty chemicals 12 the equipment (steering wheel, steering the mining of coal by surface mining
a group of chemicals that improve the column, steering gear, linkages, and the methods as distinguished from the mining
performance of paints and coatings, front wheel supports) that allows the of metalliferous ores by surface mining
computers and electronic devices, driver to guide the car and turn the methods
household goods, adhesives, personal care wheels as he wishes stripping machine 22
products, etc. steering wheel 11 a machine used in strip mining to cut the
specification 8, 18, 21 the wheel which controls the car's rock
detailed plan which states, e.g. the size, movement stroke 14
weight, functionality of a product step 21 a sudden and serious disorder in the brain
spilI 24 a part of an activity which can lead to paralysis of the body
to allow a liquid to pour or fall out stereo 18 structural 10
spilIage 24 a hi-fi or other sound system which gives concerning the main part of a building
the act of allowing a liquid to pour or fall out sound from 2 places, creating a three- structural works 20
out; the quantity that pours or falls out dimensional sound effect any building work
spin 26, 30 sterile medicament 14 structure 15, 10,20
to draw out and twist fibre into thread a medicine that is free from germs a building
spoilage 26 stilf 12 study 4
the action or waste that resuIts when describes a material that does not bend 1. to investigate; 2. the results of an
something, e.g. food goes bad easily investigation ,
stiffness 27 substance 9, 13 ~
sports 11 B
a range of small and fast cars the ability of paper not to bend too a material; it can be a liquid, a solid or a
spray drying 26 easily gas
stilI-frame 29 subsurface 23 tI
process to change a liquid into a dry
the area under the surface 11)
powder or partides a single image transmitted over a
spray gun 11 communications link suffer 13
equipment shaped like a gun which stock 1,2 to be ilI or in pain
delivers an atomized mist of liquid for products or materials which are stored sump 22
painting and ready to sell or use an excavation made underground to
stock -out 2 collect water, from where it is pumped to
the situation where there is no product for the surface
delivery to customers sun 19
stope 22 burning star in the sky
spraying 9 an excavation from which ore has been sunroof 11
the act of scattering liquid in very small removed in a series of steps a panel in the roof of a car which can tiIt
drops usually under pressure, e.g. storage 1,7,17 or slide open, either manually or
spraying water on a fire see store electrically, to provide extra light and/or
spread footing 15 storage capacity 17 ventilation
a type of foundation with a large the maximum quanitity of data that a supercomputer 17
base, which distributes the weight device can keep (store) in any form, a very powerful computer
over a large area, rather than usually for the purpose of orderly superconductor 16
concentrating it retrieval and documentation a material that allows electricity to pass
spreadsheet 5 storage device 5 through freely at the lowest possible
the computer equivalent of a paper ledger a piece of equipment, e.g. a floppy temperature
sheet, it consists of a grid made from disk, hard disk or CD, on which supermini 11 ..
columns and rows, which can make you can record your data for later a range of cars between mini and sm all
number manipulation easy retrieval family
144
,
L
 supplement 26 synthetic fibre 12 temper 10
something that is added, e,g, to auimal a fibre made from materials such as glass, to heat and then cool metals to obtain
food, to make it better rayon, or nylon the required hardness and elasticity,
support 15 synthetic rubber and fibre 24 e,g, steel
the structural foundation for essential products which are used in place of tender 2l
building elements rubber and fibre, typically derived from 1. to make an offer to carry out works,
surface 22 petroleum e.g. an engineering contract; 2. an offer to
the top of the ground synthetics 24 carry out works
surface propagation 28 man-made materials that are made by terminalS, 24
the movement of energy in the form of putting together various chemicals a computer work station which is usually
waves through the lowest portion of the system 16 part of a network
atmosphere close to the earth a group of related (electrical) parts test 4,13,18
surgeon 14 system failure analysis 8 1. to put to test or proof; 2. a critical
a medical professional who specializes in an investigation into why (a part 01) the examination, observation, or
operations production system has not worked as evaluation
survey 4,20 intended test 11
1. to carry out a well-planned research systems analysis 10 to put the car through a series of tests
study; to collect data for measurement; a study carried out to help a person or under hard working conditions
2. a well planned research study organization to take a better course of textile 3 O
suspender 2O action and make a better decision than any cloth or fabric produced by weaving,
a structure on which a part of a bridge they might otherwise have made knitting, or felting
can be hung therapeutic practice 13
suspension (bridge) 20 tablet 14 actions that treat medical conditions
a bridge that has its roadway hanging a medicine in a small round form thermal cracking 24
from two or more cables tail pipe 11 the process by which petroleum is heated
sustainable production systems 12 exhaust pipe which runs from the silencer to a high temperature and the heavier
a sustainable production system benefits to the rear of the vehicle parts of the oil are cracked (converted)
society, the manufacturer and the talc 22 into petrol (gasoline)
cus torner a mineral which has a greasy or soapy thermal processing 26
swamp 22 feel, easily cut with a knife process to treat food with heat to make it
land which is very wet tan 26 safe
sweetener 12 to convert animal skin to leather thermodynamics 10,21
a substance used instead of sugar to make tanker 7,24 the science which deals with the
food or drink sweet 1. a vehicle for carrying liquid goods by relationship between and the power that
swing (bridge) 20 road; 2. a large ship for carrying liquids, works and drives machines
a bridge that moves through 90 degrees especially oil thermoplastics 25
to open and allow boats to pass along the a type of plastic which softens with heat
river and hardens with cooling
switch 6, 16 thermoset 25
1. to select the paths or circuits to be used a type of plastic which is cured or
for transmission of information; hardened by heat
2, a device that selects the paths or throughput 2
circuits to be used for transmission of tarmac 20 the volume of products that can be made
information and establishes a connection a mixture of tar and very small stone s within a certain period of time
switchboard 16 used to make the surface of roads tidal barrage 19
a large panel or assembly of panels technical drawings 21 a manmade bar built in a shallow part of
containing switches, overcurrent specialist designs and plans the sea to change the energy of the water
protective devices, buses, and associated technical know-how (TKH) 3 into electrical power
instruments techical specialist Imowledge tidal power 19
technical support 18 the electricity produced by the sea
scientific he\p tide mill 19
technician 3, 18 a power plant where tidal power is
a pers on who is skilIed in carrying out converted into electricity
operations in a specific field; usually tightly 9
someone who understands and can work closed so that neither air nor water can
in fields using modern technology get in
switching machine 29 technique 6 tin 22
a device that opens or closes circuits or the systematic procedure by which a a soft, bluish white mineral, used as a
se\ects the paths or circuits to be used for complex or scientific task is accomplished coating to protect iron and copper
transmission of information telecommunications 18 tinplate 10
switching system 28 the use of different technologies to send to cover a metal with a thin layer of tin,
a set of one or more systems that act and receive messages e.g. food cans. See also plate.
together to route data from its source to telephony 29 tissue 2 7
its destination the science behind telephones a type of light paper mainly used to wrap
symptom 14 television 18 delicate items and for hygienic purposes
a change in the mind or body that shows the method of sen ding electrical signals tough 12
that someone is ilI (audio and visual) which can then be describes a material that is hard; difficult
synthesize 24 received (viewed and heard) to break
to make or put together television station 29 tower 24, 20
n
synthetic 12,30 the organization or business that produces a large tower (cylindrical column) used to
artificial and/ or broadcasts television content separate the different liquids in crude oil
145

-
 town-gas 19 trap 23 ultrahigh image definition 17
gas produced from coal which is used in a configuration of rocks that may contain an image which is very clear on a TV or
homes and in industry hydrocarbons other visual device
toxic 9, 12 traprock 22 uncertainty 2
poisonous any dark-coloured fine-grained the situation when the future is not
toy 25 nongranitic rock, such as a basalt clearly known
something that children play with travertine 22 underdrain 20
track 11 a dense, finely crystalline, limestone; a drain below the surface of the road
area where cars are put through a series of generally white, tan, or cream underground 22
tests under hard working conditions treatment 13 below the earth' s surface
tractor 24 the process or substances given to an ili unit 1
a machine that pulls farming machines pers on to make them better (healthier) an item of production
transducer 17 trial 4 unload 7
a device which coverts energy from one the act of trying and testing to remove a shipment from a vehicle, e.g.
form into another, e.g. microphone, trial pit 21 boat, truck, etc.
loudspeaker a shallow hale, usually dug by an update 2
transfer 6, 29 excavator, to assess the ground and what 1. to provide more precise information
to move (data) is under it about the present situation; 2. more
transfer process 10 trona 22 precise information about the present
a manufacturing process which takes a mineral. Na3(C03)(HC03).2(H2O); soft; situation
laboratory tests and applies them to a vitreous; colourless to white; alkaline upholstery 30
practical application tasting; found in saline lake deposits and the cloth covering on padded furniture
transformer 16 desert soils such as sofas and armchairs
a piece of electrical equipment to convert truck 7, 11,24 upload 6
electric power from one voltage to another a large vehicle for transporting goods by to transfer data or code from a client to a
road larger server (see also download)
P'ima,y Seconda,y
truss 15 upstream 23
Coil Coil
a prefabricated framework of girders, exploration and production activi ties for
struts and other items which support a oil and natural gas. See also downstream.
transistor 17 roof or other load-bearing elements uranium 19
a tiny electrical device that can amplify an tuberculosis 14 heavy radio active metal used to produce
electrical signal and switch a device on and a serious disease, especially of the lungs nuclear power
off tumble dry 30
transmission lI, 17, 29 to make or become dry by turning about vacuum tube (AmE) 17
a device that changes the ratio between in the heated drum of a clothes dryer a sealed glass tube with
engine rpm (revolutions per minute) and tumour 14 no air in it, used to
driving wheel rpm when diseased cells grow too quickly and control the flow of
transmission line 16 cause swelling and sickness electricity, e.g.,
a power line to carry large quantities of tunnel 20 in radio or TV
an underground passage, often for a ro ad validate 13
high-voltage electricity between regions
transmission network 19 or a railway, through a mountain or to ensure that something is legitimate or
under a river correct
the systeg¡, oV¡;;lpes and wires that is used to
carry electricity from the power plant to the turbine 10,19,16 validity 4
users (homes and industry) an engine or motor in which the pres sure the extent to which a test measures what
transmission speed 6 of a liquid or gas turns a wheel. usually to it is intended to measure.
the rate at which information is passed produce energy valve (BrE) 17
through communications lines, generally See vacuum tube
measured in bits per second (bps) van 7, 11
transmit 6,17,18,28 a small vehicle for carrying goods by road
to send information from one location to vaporize 24
another to turn in to gas
transmittable 17 vaporous 24
describing the ability of a signal to be sent turnkey 21 like gas
transmitter 28 a building or installation which is built, vapour 9,24
a piece of radio equipment capable of supplied, or installed complete and ready a mixture of liquid and gas, e.g. steam
transmitting electromagnetic signals but for use vapour barrier 15
nat capable of receiving them turntable 23 a building product installed on exterior
transparent 12 See rotary table walls and ceilings under the drywall and
describes a material that allows light to pass twill 30 on the warm side of the insulation
through one of the three basic weaves - Plain, variability 8
transponder 28 Satin and Twill. Twill has diagonal the extent to which the results of
a combined receiver and transmitter whose patterns throughout the fabric production are different from their
function is to transmit signals automatically twisted pair 6 specifications
transport 24 two insulated wires twisted together, variable 4, 8
to move from one place to another by a which can be shielded (STP) or unshielded any characteristic in a study that is not
vehicle (UTP). fixed and can change in numerical value
transport fuel 19 variance 4
petrol used in vehicles, e.g. cars and trucks ulcer 14 a measure of how spread out, or
transportation 7, 18,24 a break in the skin (inside or outside the scattered, a distribution is
the movement of goods from one place to body) which may bleed and cause velvet 30
another poisonous matter a soft fabric made of silk rayon or nylon
146
,
 vendor 18 wash and wear 30 weatherproof 16
a seller describing clothes that do not need describing the ability to stay in good
ventilating 15 ironing arter washing condition in spite of bad weather
a system through which vapour or dirty washer 25 weave 26, 30
air is removed from a room or fixture a ring of plastic which is put between two to make cloth with thread
ventilation shaft 22 surfaces to make a better joint weaving mill 30
a channel in a mine that delivers air to waste 27 a factory where fabric is made by weaving
miners underground what is thrown away (by interlacing yarns on a 100m)
viaduct 20 waste disposal 15 web page 6
a structure which carries a road or the process of permanently isolating a World Wide Web document, usually
railway across water waste based on Hypertext Markup Language
water 19 (HTML), that may contain text, graphics,
one of the renewable sources of energy online audio, video, Java or ActiveX objects
used in hydroelectric schemes and wave website 6
power a collection of files that covers a
water desalination 20 particular theme or subject and managed
the process of removing salt and other by a particular person or organization. Its
unwanted matter from groundwater to opening page is called a home page. A
make it drinkable website is accessed through a web address
vibration 9 water main 20 known as a uniform resource locator
a continuous shaking movement, for a chief pipe which supplies water (URL).
example when using a power dril! water power 19 weir 20
video carnera 29 the energy produced by water in a dam in a stream or river to raise the
a hand-held carnera used for taking hydroelectric schemes and wave power water level or change its flow
moving pictures. A video carnera can water resistance 27 well 20,23
record data on magnetic tape or it can be the quality of paper not to absorb water 1. a deep hole in ground where people
uploaded to a computer. (see als o absorbance) can get water; 2. a hole drilled into the
video game 18 water supply 15 earth to recover oil or gas
an electronic game which the player can the system in a building which is wellbore (= borehole) 23
control with a keyboard and view on a composed of the water service pipe, the well
television screen water distributing pipes and the various well-ventilated 9
video signal 1 7 connecting pipes, control valves and allowing fresh air to enter and circulate
a signal intended to be seen fittings in a room
videophone 29 watercourse 20 wide area network 6
a telephone-like service with a picture as a natural or manmade channel through See WAN
well as sound which water flows wildcat (wildcat well) 23
viscosity 13 waterfall 19 an exploration well
the measurement of a fluid's resistance to water falling from a great height wildcat well 23
flow, orten used to describe its thickness sometimes used to produce energy See wildcat
visible 29 water-proof 11 wind 19
describing something that can be seen to cover the outer materials so that rain one of the renewable sources of energy
visual 29 does not go through produced by the air moving at a high
producing something that can be seen water-supply system 20 speed
voice 29 the network of reservoirs, tunnels, and wind (wound - wound) 27
speech pipelines that supplies water to users in a to turn around so as to form a roll
(high) voltage 19 community wind farm 19
electrical force measured in volts; a volt is watertight 16 a place where the energy produced by the
the standard measure of force describing the ability to stay dry wind is changed into electrical energy
vomiting 9 waterway 2O wind power 19
the act of being sick a way or channel for water the energy produced by the wind
waterworks 19 wind tunnel 11
wall 15 network of buildings, pipes and water a test area where vehicles are tested to
a member, usually vertical, used to supplies within a public water system check their aerodynamic properties and
enclose or separate spaces wave 19,28 the effects of wind pressure
wallpaper 27,29 1. movement of the sea; 2. an electric, windmill 19
a type of paper that is suitable to cover electromagnetic, acoustic, mechanical or a device consisting of large
the walls inside a house. other form whose physical activity rises sails that are driven by the
WAN (wide area network) 6 and falls as it travels through a medium wind to produce electrical
a network linking computers, terminals, wave power 19 power
and other equipment over a large area the energy produced by the sea wire 28
WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) 29 wavelength 28 a thin piece of metal for conducting
a global standard which enables WAP the distance travelled by a wave in one electrical current
devices such as mobile phones or period (the period is the time required to wire transmission 28
Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) to complete one cycle) the process and technology of sen ding
access internet services and information wax 24 signals along metal wire
(like email and news bulletins) a solid or semi-solid material derived from wood pulp 27
warehouse 7 petroleum, which is resistant to water and wood reduced to a pulp for papermaking
a place for the reception, delivery, scratches woodchip 27
distribution, and storage of goods weapons system 17 small pieces of wood which have been cut
wash 9 the collection of instruments used for from logs in chippers before conversion
to make clean in water attack or defence into pulp in a digester
147

.J
I
 ...

wool 30 workforce 2 wrapping paper 27

the soft. curly hair of a sheep which is all the people who work in a particular a type of paper that is used to cover
spun into yarn company products. e.g. presents. This type of paper
word processing 5 workload 2 is often attractively designed.
a program which provides the user with the amount of work that has to be
the tools necessary to create. edit and done yarn 3O
format text workshop 1. 2 continuous strand of textile fibres
work in progress 2 a part of a factory where an item is made
goods that are not yet finished or a product is assembled zero defects 8
work plan 21 World Wide Web 6 the policy and practice of making
a document which lists all planned a collection of internet sites offering text. products which meet specifications
activities. the date of completion. the graphics. sound. and animation resources zinc 22
resources that will be needed. and the in an easy to use way a bluish-white metal used in alloys with
people responsible for carrying out the wrap 27 other metals including brass. nickel silver.
activi ties to cover with paper and commercial bronze;it is used
work station (workstation) 5 wrapper 27 extensively by the automotive. electrical.
a desktop machine. usually considered paper that is used to cover a product. e.g. and hardware industries
more powerful than a personal computer a chocolate bar

148
,
l