Engr. Arthur Niño N.

Calupig
Environmental Management Specialist, EMB Region 7
2
 Transboundary Haze

Marcelo Fernan Bridge,

September 2019
Harrison Blu rooftop, Cebu
City October 2015

3
HOW CLEAN IS THE AIR IN METRO CEBU?
During the start of the implementation of Enhanced Community Quarantine in Region
VII (March 2020), air pollution significantly reduced up to 60% on Total Suspended
Particulate concentration

4
Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City during MECQ
 “HEAT ISLAND EFFECT”
- A phenomenon in which the absorbed heat from structures (concrete, steel, etc.) were radiated
and trapped in the layer due to temperature difference

5
Presentation Outline

1 2 3 4 5
Background Classification of Air Pollution Permitting Relevant
information on Air pollutants and Measurements Requirements – Regulations and
Philippine Clean Air pollution and Emission Permit to Operate Violations - FAQs
Air Act sources Estimates 6

6
 AIR POLLUTION
Any alteration of physical and chemical
composition of air that makes it unsafe or
not suitable for public consumption
can cause adverse health effects
on the cardio-pulmonary system
7
AIR POLLUTION

8
 Who are at great risk?
Sensitive groups such as the elderly,
individuals with asthma, cardiopulmonary
diseases, and children

9
 Air Quality as a Challenge

▰ Many countries and cities around the world struggle with

air pollution.
▰ More than 4 million premature deaths occurred because of
outdoor air pollution every year (WHO)
▰ Air Quality Status Report of DENR in 2015 stated that
transportation sector contributed to about 88% of
particulate matters emission.

10
 HOW DO WE ENSURE THAT WE
BREATHE CLEAN AIR EVERYDAY?

11
Philippine Congress
designed the Clean Air
Act to protect public
h ealth and w elfare
from different types of
air pollution caused by
diverse sources.

12
Clean Air Act - An act
providing a
comprehensive air
pollution control policy
and for other purposes

13
 1
Background information on
Philippine Clean Air Act
14
 PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999

▰ Republic Act No. 8749

▰ Contains Seven (7) Chapters and Fifty-Six (56) Sections
▰ Approved on June 23, 1999
▰ IRR is DAO 2000-81
▰ Section 34 of Chapter 4 converted DENR’s Environmental
Management Bureau (EMB) from a staff bureau to a line
bureau

15
Cooperating Agencies

16
 RA 8749 Principles

▰ Protect and advance the right of the people

▰ Promote and protect the global environment to attain
sustainable development
▰ Recognizes the primary responsibility of LGUs to address
environmental issues
▰ Cleaning of environment is area-based
▰ Polluters-must-pay

17
Recognition of rights
The state shall seek to guarantee that
“THE RIGHT TO BREATHE CLEAN AIR”
is achieved.

18
 2
Classification of Air
pollutants and Air
Pollution Sources
19
HOW CLEAN IS THE AIR THAT WE
BREATHE EVERYDAY?

20
THE SIX (6) CRITERIA AIR
THE SIX (6) CRITERIA
POLLUTANTS
AIR POLLUTANTS

- used in order to protect the

health and welfare of the
public

- mostly occurs as a
product of combustion
activities

21
SUSPENDED PARTICULATE
SUSPENDED PARTICULATE
MATTER
MATTER
▰ Total Suspended Particulates (TSP)
▰ Particulate Matter 10 (PM10)
▰ Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5)

▰ Total Suspended Particulates (TSP)

▰ Particulate Matter 10 (PM10)
▰ Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5)

22
LEAD
LEAD(PB)
(PB)

23
CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)
CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)

24
SULFUR DIOXIDE (SO2)
SULFUR DIOXIDE (SO2)

25
NITROGEN DIOXIDE (NO2)
NITROGEN DIOXIDE (NO2)

26
 GROUND LEVEL OZONE (O3)
GROUND LEVEL OZONE (O3)

27
POLLUTION IS OFTEN
POLLUTION IS OFTEN
ASSOCIATED
ASSOCIATED WITH WITH
SMOKE;
SMOKE;
▰ Black – carbon content

▰ White – moisture

▰ Bluish white - oil

28
 CRITERIA
CRITERIA AIR
AIR POLLUTANTS
POLLUTANTS VS
VS GREENHOUSE
GREENHOUSE GASES
GASES

CRITERIA AIR
POLLUTANTS

Direct effect to
human health GREENHOUSE
GASES
Primary cause of
Global Warming 29
Outdoor air can be polluted by
1. Natural Sources
2. Human Sources

30
SOURCES
SOURCESOF AIR
OF AIR
POLLUTION
POLLUTION

31
 SOURCES
SOURCES OF AIR
OF AIR
POLLUTION
POLLUTION

32
 Mobile Sources
- refers to any land vehicle propelled by or through combustion of carbon-
based or other fuel, constructed and operated principally for conveyance of
persons or transport of property or goods

Stationary Sources

Mobile Sources

Area Sources

33
 Stationary Sources
- refers to any building or immobile structure, facility, or installation which
emits or may emit any air pollutants

Stationary Sources

Mobile Sources

Area Sources

34
Air Pollution
Control Device

35
 EMB MC 2008-005: Guidelines on Air Pollution
Control Techniques and Devices
Options available for managing, controlling and
reducing emissions:
▻ Engineering Controls
▻ Operating Procedures and Practices
▻ Inspection, Maintenance and Performance
Monitoring
▻ Emergency Contingency Plans

36
 EMB MC 2008-005: Guidelines on Air Pollution
Control Techniques and Devices
Engineering Controls for Particulate Emissions include:

Electrostatic
Bag Filters Precipitators Cyclone Collector Wet Scrubbers
37
 EMB MC 2008-005: Guidelines on Air Pollution
Control Techniques and Devices
Engineering Controls for Gaseous Emissions include:

Packing Tower and Wet

Biofiltration Scrubber Flare/Oxidizer
38
 Area Sources
- refers to sources which operates within a certain locale. It comes from a
wide variety of anthropogenic sources that are too small, too abundant, or too
dispersed geographically to inventory individually

Stationary Sources

Mobile Sources

Area Sources

39
 Emissions Inventory
- a record that shows the amount of air pollutant discharged/emitted within a
specific period of tome and specific location of pollution source

Stationary Sources

Mobile Sources

Area Sources

40
 Emissions Inventory
- the “accounting” of criteria air pollutants from different sources of air
pollution that may be useful in creating future policies and advisories to the
public

Stationary Sources

Mobile Sources

Area Sources

41
 Why we conduct emissions inventory?
• To assess the type and intensity of emissions in the area
• To determine the carrying capacity of an area in terms of air pollutants with
validation to air quality monitoring
• To identify what criteria pollutant that has high concentration present in an
area
• To create future policies/ordinances that will address the issue of air
pollution
• Serve as one of the basis in designating attainment and non-attainment
areas

42
 Sec. 2, Rule XV, Part V of IRR
- the Bureau shall, within three (3) years from the
date of effectivity of these Rules, and every three (3) years
thereafter, make an inventory of emissions form
Stationary, Mobile, and Area Sources

43
Emission Estimates

𝐸𝑅
𝐸 = 𝐴 𝑥 𝐸𝐹 𝑥 1 −
100
E = Emissions, tons/year
A = Activity Rate, L/hr
EF = Emission Factor, lbs/103 gal
ER = Overall Emission Reduction Efficiency, %

44
Case Study

A 100 Hp boiler consumed 1,500 liters per hour of Bunker C fuel. Assuming
that the unit will run 24 hours per day, 7 days per week, and 12 months a
year. The calculated fuel consumption is 13,140,000 liters per year
(maximum). The boiler is equipped with cyclone soot collector and water
scrubber with emission reduction efficiency of 20%. Calculate for the PM
emission rate.

45
Case Study

Emission Factor from AP-42 for Bunker C Fuel of <100 Million BTU/hr

Emission Factors
Parameters
(lbs/1,000 gallons burned)
Particulate Matter 10
Sulfur Dioxide 157(S)
Nitrogen Oxide 55
Carbon Monoxide 5
S = weight percent of sulfur

46
 Case Study

𝐸𝑅
𝐸 = 𝐴 𝑥 𝐸𝐹 𝑥 1 −
100
𝑙𝑖 1 𝑔𝑎𝑙 10 𝑙𝑏𝑠 1 𝑡𝑜𝑛 20
𝑃𝑀 = 13,140,000 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 1 −
𝑦𝑟 3.785 𝑙𝑖 1,000 𝑔𝑎𝑙 2,204.6 𝑙𝑏𝑠 100
𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒔
𝑷𝑴 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟔
𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓
47
 2016-2018 Region-Wide Emissions Inventory
Area AREA
Particulate Matter STATIONAR
Carbon Monoxide
AREA STATIONA
2% Stationary SOURCES Y SOURCES SOURCES RY
(13.112%) (4.805%) (0.243%) SOURCES
14% (0.427%)

MOBILE
SOURCE
(82.083%)
MOBILE
SOURCE
(99.330%)

AREA
Oxides of Nitrogen Oxides of Sulfur
SOURCES STATIONA AREA
MOBILE
(0.513%) RY SOURCES
SOURCE
SOURCES (0.720%) (0.372%)
(15.778%)

Mobile STATIONA
MOBILE
RY
SOURCE
84% (83.709%)
SOURCES
(98.908%)

48
 3
Air Pollution
Measurements and
Emission Estimates 49
Understanding Source Emission and
Ambient Air Quality

50
Types of Measurements:
1. Ambient Air Measurement
• General Ambient
• Source Specific
2. Source Emission Measurement
51
 Comparison of Ambient Air Measurement
and Source Measurement
Ambient Air Measurement Source Measurement
PURPOSE
Performed to measure emission rates over a
Evaluate overall air quality within a community
very short period of time

Useful for planning purposes to set goals, to

Determine whether or not that particular
document progress in reaching those goals,
source is exceeding some legally established
and to identify areas of a community in which
emission rate or standards
additional control measures may be needed

No immediate legal action against an Provide an immediate indication of legal or

individual source pollution is likely to occur illegal operation of the source in question

52
 Comparison of Ambient Air Measurement
and Source Measurement
Ambient Air Measurement Source Measurement
REQUIREMENT

Concentration is lower in magnitude Concentration is higher in magnitude

Lower temperature and humidity range Higher temperature and humidity range

Immediately adjacent to a duct or stack

Usually made at or near ground level carrying the gases to be emitted, 30 meters or
more above ground level

53
Types of Measurements:
1. Ambient Air Measurement
• General Ambient
• Source Specific
2. Source Emission Measurement
54
 Ambient Air monitoring
- is a process composed of inter-related activities which
includes sampling, analysis, data interpretation, and reporting

Stationary
- to check compliance with the standardsSources
set forth of the
Philippine Clean Air Act

Mobile Sources

Area Sources

55
 Ambient Air monitoring
➢ General Ambient
- sample is taken from atmospheric (ambient) air
and no specific source of air pollutants being
considered Stationary Sources
➢ Source specific
-Mobile
sampleSources
is taken from atmospheric (ambient) air
and with specific source of air pollutants being
considered Area Sources

56
National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values
(NAAQGV) of Criteria Air pollutants
PARAMETER SHORT TERM (µg/NCM) LONG TERM (µg/NCM)

TSP 230 (24-hrs) 90 (1 year)

PM10 150 (24-hrs) 60 (1 year)

PM2.5 50 (24-hrs) 25 (1 year)

Oxides of Sulfur
180 (24-hrs) 80 (1 year)
(SOx)
0.07 ppm (24-hrs) 0.03 ppm (24-hrs)

Oxides of Nitrogen 150 (24-hrs) -

(NOx) 0.08 ppm (24-hrs)
140 (1-hr) / 0.07 ppm
Ozone (O3) 60 (8-hrs) / 0.03 ppm
-

Carbon Monoxide 350 (1-hr) / 30 ppm

-
(CO) 100 (8-hrs) / 9 ppm

Lead 1.5 (3 months) -

Air Quality Indices
24-hr Concentration
PARAMETER Index
(µg/NCM)
0-80 Good

81-230 Fair

Unhealthy for Sensitive

231-349
Groups
TSP 350-599 Very Unhealthy

600-899 Acutely Unhealthy

900 above Emergency

Air Quality Indices
24-hr Concentration
PARAMETER Index
(µg/NCM)
0-54 Good

55-154 Fair

Unhealthy for Sensitive

155-254
Groups
PM10 255-354 Very Unhealthy

355-424 Acutely Unhealthy

425-504 Emergency
Air Quality Indices
24-hr Concentration
PARAMETER Index
(ppm)
0.000 – 0.034 Good

0.035 – 0.144 Fair

Unhealthy for Sensitive

0.145 – 0.224
Groups
SO2 0.225 – 0.304 Very Unhealthy

0.305 – 0.604 Acutely Unhealthy

0.605 – 0.804 Emergency

Air Quality Indices
8-hr Concentration
PARAMETER Index
(ppm)
0.0-4.4 Good

4.5-9.4 Fair

Unhealthy for Sensitive

9.5-12.4
Groups
CO 12.5-15.4 Very Unhealthy

15.5-30.4 Acutely Unhealthy

30.5-40.4 Emergency
Air Quality Indices
1-hr Concentration
PARAMETER Index
(ppm)
- -

- -

- -
NO2 - -

0.65-1.24 Acutely Unhealthy

1.25-1.64 Emergency
 Conc (µg/NCM)

0
10
15
20
25
35
40
45

5
30
before ECQ
March 25, 2020
March 26, 2020
March 27, 2020
March 28, 2020
March 29, 2020
March 30, 2020
March 31, 2020
April 1, 2020
April 2, 2020
April 3, 2020
PM10 conc during ECQ (µg/NCM)

April 4, 2020
April 5, 2020
April 6, 2020
Aprli 7, 2020
April 8, 2020
April 9, 2020
April 10, 2020
April 11, 2020
April 12, 2020
PM10 Trend (before and during ECQ)

April 13, 2020

April 14, 2020
April 15, 2020
April 16, 2020
average conc before ECQ (µg/NCM)

April 17, 2020

April 18, 2020
Region 7 Ambient Air Monitoring Stations

CAAQMS-PMS

63
 Region 7 Ambient Air Monitoring Stations

TSP Trend (before and during ECQ)

300

250
TSP-IT Park
Conc (µg/NCM)

200

150

100
average TSP
conc before
50
ECQ
0

TSP - IT Park

64
 Region 7 Ambient Air Monitoring Stations

PM10 Trend (before and during ECQ)

80
70 PM10-
Cordova
60
Conc (µg/NCM)

50
40
30 average
PM10
20
conc
10 before
ECQ
0

PM10 - Cordova

65
National Air Quality Standards for Source Specific Air
Pollutants from Industrial Sources/Operations:

66
Ambient monitoring for source-specific pollutants
Ambient monitoring for source-specific pollutants
Types of Measurements:
1. Ambient Air Measurement
• General Ambient
• Source Specific
2. Source Emission Measurement
69
Why do we need to measure source emissions?

▰ Compliance Requirements
▰ Evaluation of Air Pollution Control Devices
▰ Determination and Type of Pollutant emitted from a specific
source
▰ Provide data for air dispersion modelling
▰ Three (3) categories: (1) isokinetic sampling, (2) batch sampling,
(3) continuous automatic sampling and analysis

70
Source Emission Measurement

71
 USEPA Methods of Sampling

Methods of Sampling
▰ Method 1: Sample and velocity traverses for stationary sources
▰ Method 2: Determination of stack gas velocity and volumetric flow rate
▰ Method 3: Gas analysis for the determination of dry molecular weight
▰ Method 4: Determination of moisture content in stack gases
▰ Method 5: Determination of particulate matter emissions from stationary sources
▰ Method 6: Determination of sulfur dioxide emissions from stationary sources
▰ Method 7: Determination of nitrogen oxide emissions from stationary sources
▰ Method 8: Determination of sulfuric acid mist and sulfur dioxide emissions from
stationary sources
▰ Method 10: Determination of carbon monoxide emissions from stationary sources
72
Concentration at the point of emission shall not exceed the
National Emission Standards for Source Specific Air Pollutants
(NESSSAP) of Table 2 (DAO 2000-81):

73
 4
Permitting Requirements –
Permit to Operate
74
Permit to Operate (PO)
All sources of air pollution subject to
the IRR of RA 8749 must have a valid
Permit to Operate.
(Sec. 1, DAO 2004-26)
75
Who are required to secure PO?
ALL establishments operating air
pollution source installation

76
What are covered under PO?
1. Air Pollution Source Equipment
2. Air Pollution Control Device

77
What are considered Air
Pollution Source Equipment?
Equipment that emit smoke, dust,
fumes, fly ash, chemical mist, spray,
gaseous and metallic pollutants
78
What are considered Air Pollution
Control Devices?
Equipment that controls/regulates
emission of air pollutants before leaving
the stack of a known source
79
Examples of Air Pollution Source Equipment

80
Examples of Air Pollution Control Devices/Facilities

81
What are its requirements?
https://r7.emb.gov.ph/downloadables/

Click on Checklist under Permit to Operate Application

82
Where to submit PO
Application?
https://opms.emb.gov.ph/
83
 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE APPLICATION OF P/O:

A. MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS
B. ENGINEER’S REPORT
 MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS
1. Transmittal Letter
2. Duly Accomplished and Notarized Application Form
3. Proof of Ownership (e.g. SEC or DTI Registration & Other Documents)
4. DENR ID Number as Hazardous Waste Generator, if applicable
5. Copy of the Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) or Certificate of
Non-Coverage (CNC) from DENR-EMB, if applicable
6. Project/Company Vicinity
7. Photo of Actual Air Pollution Source Installation (APSI) and Air Pollution
Control Facility (APCF), if applicable
8. Copy of Active/Previous Permit
9. Copy of Latest Emission Test Results (Summary Only) from a DENR-EMB
Accredited Emission Testing Firm, if applicable
10. Accreditation of Pollution Control Officer, if applicable
 ENGINEER’S REPORT
1. Project Information or Company Profile
2. Brief Description of Manufacturing Process (with Process Flow
Illustrations/Diagram), if applicable
3. Tabulated List of Raw Materials, Finished Products and Wastes with
Corresponding Quantities (Volume, Weight or Number of Pieces), if
applicable
4. Tabulated List of Air Pollution Source Equipment (APSE), Process Equipment
(PE) and Air Pollution Control Facility (APCF)
4.1 For Fuel Burning Equipment (e.g. Steam Generating Units,
Boilers, Heaters, Generator Sets, Prime Movers etc.), Specify the
Corresponding Number of Units, Control Device, Fuel Type and
Rated Capacity in Hp or kW
 ENGINEER’S REPORT
4.2 For Non-Fuel Burning Equipment or Process Equipment,
Specify the Corresponding Number of Units, Control Device, Fuel
Type and Rated Material Output in MTons/hr
4.3 For Air Pollution Control Facility (e.g. Dust Collectors etc.),
Specify the Corresponding Number of Units and Capacity in
m3/min

5. Detailed Description of Operation of each APSE, PE and APCF

6. Design Computation or Estimates with Emphasis on the ff.:
a) Computation or Estimates of Quantity of Pollutants Generated
expressed in mg/NCM or Actual 3rd Party Emission Test Results
Summary or Ambient Air Quality Test Results Summary, whichever is
applicable
 ENGINEER’S REPORT

b) Computation/Estimates in the Design of APCF, if applicable

c) Predicted Collection Efficiency expressed as Ratio of Pollutants
Generated with and w/o APCF, if applicable
d) Justification for Non-installation of APCF, if applicable

5. Technical Drawing illustrating the ff.:

a) Plant & Machinery Layout in Block Form clearly showing connections
of APSI to APCF
b) Detailed Plan and Elevation Drawings with Labeled Parts and
Dimensions of APSI and APCF clearly illustrating the Components of
the APSI and APCF
 PLEASE TAKE NOTE THAT..

a) A Chemical Engineer (ChE) or Professional Mechanical Engineer (PME)

or DENR-EMB Accredited Pollution Control Officer of the company
shall sign such engineer’s report concurred by the Managing Head or
Head of Office.
b) All drawings should be submitted in a standard 50 x 90 cm blueprint or
in A3 size paper duly signed and sealed by a Chemical Engineer (ChE)
or Professional Mechanical Engineer (PME) or combination of both
pursuant to DAO 2004-26, RA 9279 of 2004 (Chemical Engineering
Law) and RA 8495 of 1998 (Philippine Mechanical Engineering Act).
 Air Pollution Source Equipment that will undergo
compliance testing:

Classification of Frequency of
Sources
Sources Testing
Boilers: 251 Bo. Hp or greater

Large Twice a year Generator Sets: 1,250 kW or greater, once a year only for stand-by
Sources that has the potential to emit 100 tons/year of any pollutant
Boilers: 100 Bo. Hp to 250 Bo. Hp

Medium Once a year Generator Sets: 600 kW to 1,249 kW

Sources that has the potential to emit 30-99 tons/year of any pollutant

Any source of emission of Hazardous Air Pollutants in

Environmentally-Significant Twice a year the PCL in DAO 1998-58

Boilers: 51 Bo. Hp to 99 Bo. Hp

Once every 2
Small Generator Sets: 301 kW to 599 kW
years Sources that has the potential to emit 10-29 tons/year of any pollutants 90
Exempted of Emission Testing Requirement
(EMB MC 2016-08)

Small Sources
▰ Boilers rated 50 Bo. Hp and below
▰ Generator sets rated 300 kW and below
▰ Other sources that has the potential to emit less than 10 tons/year of any of
the regulated pollutants

91
 Source specific air pollutants/parameters (SSAP) for
fuel combustion sources for permitting purposes:

APSE FREQUENCY OF OPERATION FUEL TYPE SSAP

Internal Combustion Stand-by with/> or <12” stack Diesel/Natural Gas/LPG/ CO, NOx
Engine (Generator diameter Biogas
Sets/Gas Turbine, etc.)
Continuous with/> or <12” BFO or Mixed Fuel PM, CO, NOx, SOx
stack dia.
External Combustion (e.g. Boilers, Fuel burning steel mill Liquid fuel oil e.g. BFO or PM, CO, NOx, SOx***
furnace) Mixed Fuel
Solid Fuel e.g. Coal PM, CO, NOx, SOx ***,
Metals****
Wood, Rice Hulls, Biomass, PM, CO
Baggasse etc.
Textile Waste PM, CO, Metals***
92
What happens when the results do
not conform with NESSSAP?

93
 • Technical Conference
NOV • Signing of Commitment, Retrofitting
• Fail again, 2nd NOV
2nd NOV • Re-sampling
• Fail again
PAB • Endorsement to the PAB
94
What are the functions of
Pollution Adjudication Board?
1. Equivalent to the Regional Trial Court
2. Makes decisions in the imposition of
fines and penalties and/or cease and
desist order 95
What are the penalties?
For actual exceedance, a fine of not more
than One Hundred Thousand Pesos
(P100,000) for every day of violation, until
such time that standards have been met
96
Self-Monitoring Report?
Quarterly status of operation and
maintenance, fuel consumption, and
emission test results shall be reflected in
Module 4 of the SMR
97
98
99
100
101
 5
Relevant Regulations and
Violations - FAQs
102
What happens if our company
fails to apply for PO?
1. Issuance of Notice of Violation
2. Fine of not less than Ten Thousand Pesos (P10,000) but
not more than One Hundred Thousand Pesos (P100,000)
or six (6) years imprisonment or both shall be imposed

103
What happens if our company
violates any provisions of RA
8749?
1. Issuance of Notice of Violation
2. Fine of not less than Ten Thousand Pesos (P10,000) but
not more than One Hundred Thousand Pesos (P100,000)
or six (6) years imprisonment or both shall be imposed
104
Is incineration prohibited?
Supreme Court ruled that RA 8749's Section 20 "does not
absolutely prohibit incineration as a mode of waste disposal;
rather, only those burning processes which emit poisonous
and toxic fumes are banned.“

G.R. No. 147465: 2002 Case Resolution of Metropolitan Manila Development

Authority vs. Jancom Environmental Corporation et al

105
Is incineration prohibited?
AND provided that it conforms to emission
standards (Table 2) including those
stipulated under Table 5 for the emission
of toxic and poisonous substances
(DAO 2000-81)
106
Is open burning of solid waste
allowed?
In RA 8749, prohibition did not apply to traditional small-scale
method of community sanitation “siga”. With the effectivity of
DAO 2001-34 in 2001, Section 1(c) of Rule XVIII prohibits
open burning of solid waste.

Are waste leaves included? YES!

107
Is smoking in public places
prohibited?
YES! And any person who smokes inside a public building or
an enclosed public place shall be punished with six (6)
months and one (1) year imprisonment or a fine of ten
thousand pesos (P10,000)

108
Pollution Prevention
Clever Way to Stop Polluting Our Environment
109
What can you do to help clean
the air?
For vehicle owners:
1. Maintain vehicle oil-changing
2. Keep the engine well-tuned
3. Keep tires properly inflated
4. Plan trips and observe proper driving habits
5. Do not overload!
110
What can you do to help clean
the air?
For commuters:
1. Educate driver about the high health risks of poor
vehicle maintenance and improper driving practices
2. Patronize mass railway transit

111
What can you do to help clean
the air?
At home:
1. Use energy-saving lights
2. Limit the use of air condition units
3. Do not burn garbage!
4. Avoid using aerosols
5. Properly dispose of refrigerant
112
What can you do to help clean
the air?
For industries:
1. 4-Day Work Week Scheme
2. Shuttle Services
3. Bike Lanes and Racks

113
What can you do to help clean
the air?
For everyone:
1. Report smoke belchers to LTO
2. Walk or ride your bike to places
3. Work with residents to stop burning waste
4. Spread the word about the smoking ban
5. Plant trees
114
Thank you for listening! 👍

CHECKMATE!
#BeatAirPollution ✌️ 115
Q & A Portion

116