•Detecting End-of-File

•File opening modes

•File pointers and their manipulations

Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Professor

Engineering College Ajmer
Detecting End-of-File
 An ifstream object returns a value zero on reaching the
end-of-file condition.
 For example-
ifstream fin;
while(fin)
{ ----------- }
 The while loop terminates on end-of-file condition.

Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Professor

Engineering College Ajmer
Detecting End-of-File
 Another approach by using eof() member function of
ios class.
 It returns a non-zero value on reaching end-of-file
condition otherwise returns zero.
 For example-
if(fin.eof()!=0)
{ exit(1);}
 The above statement terminate the program on
reaching end-of-file condition.

Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Professor

Engineering College Ajmer
File opening modes
 The open() function can take two arguments.
 Syntax-
stream-object.open(“filename”, mode);
 The mode specifies the purpose for which the file is
opened.
 The default file mode for ifstream functions is-
ios::in // open file for reading only
 The default file mode for ofstream functions is-
ios::out // open file for writing only

Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Professor

Engineering College Ajmer
File opening modes

Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Professor

Engineering College Ajmer
File opening modes
 ios::app add data to end of the file only, while ios::ate
add data or modify the existing data anywhere in the
file.
 The mode can be combine two or more parameters
using the bitwise OR operator(|) as shown below-
fout.open(“data”, ios::app | ios::nocreate)
 This opens the file in append mode but fails to open
the file if it does not exist.

Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Professor

Engineering College Ajmer
File pointers and their
manipulations
 Each file has two associated pointers known as file
pointers.
1. Input pointer(get pointer) is used for reading
from the file.
2. Output pointer(put pointer) is used for writing
to the file.
 In read-only mode, the input pointer is
automatically set at the beginning of the file.

Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Professor

Engineering College Ajmer
File pointers and their
manipulations
 In write-only mode, the existing contents
are deleted and the output pointer is set at
the beginning of the file.
 Functions for manipulations of file pointers
 seekg() Moves get pointer to a specified
location
seekp() Moves put pointer to a specified
location
Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Professor
Engineering College Ajmer
File pointers and their
manipulations
tellg() Gives the current position of the get
pointer
tellp() Gives the current position of the put
pointer
 Example-
infile.seekg(10);
 Moves the get pointer to the byte number 10.
Note that the bytes in a file are numbered from
zero.
Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Professor
Engineering College Ajmer
File pointers and their
manipulations
 Example-
ofstream fout;
fout.open(“hello”, ios::app);
int p = fout.tellp();
 The output pointer moved to the end of the file
and the value of p gives number of bytes in the file.
 seek() functions can also take two arguments-
seekg(offset, reposition);
seekp(offset, reposition);
Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Professor
Engineering College Ajmer
File pointers and their
manipulations
 offset represents the number of bytes the
file pointer is to be moved from the location
specified by the parameter reposition.
 The reposition takes one of following three
constants-
ios::beg Start of the file
ios::cur Current position of the pointer
ios::end End of the file
Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Professor
Engineering College Ajmer
File pointers and their
manipulations
 Pointer offset calls and their actions where fin is an
ifstream object.
Seek Call
fin.seekg(0, ios::beg)
fin.seekg(0, ios::cur)
fin.seekg(0, ios::end)
fin.seekg(m, ios::beg)
fin.seekg(m, ios::cur)
fin.seekg(-m, ios::cur)
fin.seekg(-m, ios::end)
Action
Go to start
Stay at the current position
Go to the end of file
Move to (m+1)th byte in the file
Go forward by m bytes from the current
position
Go backward by m bytes from the
current position
Go backward by m bytes from the end

Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Professor

Engineering College Ajmer
Thank You

Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Professor

Engineering College Ajmer