COMPUTER NETWORKS (CN-5D)

Assignment # 01

11/15/2022
Umair Ghani
SAP-ID: 8625
QUESTION # 01:
NETWORK PROTOCOLS
Network protocol or communication protocol is a set or rules for exchanging information
between computers on a network. The devices in a network cannot communicate without a
protocol. It allows connected devices to communicate with each other regardless of any
differences in their internal processes structure or design.

EXAMPLES:

Some are the following examples of network protocols are as follows

 HTTP
 SMTP
 FTP

QUESTION # 02:
SIGNIFICANCE OF OPEN STANDARDS FOR PROTOCOLS
Open standards are more significant for protocols because

 It contains technical and physical specifications about the network being designed.
 The network can be reliable and efficient by the use of open standards.

QUESTION # 03:
ORGANIZATIONS THAT FOCUS ON DEVELOPING STANDARDS
Various organizations that focus on developing network standards some of them are as follows

 American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

 International Standards Organization (ISO)
 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

QUESTION # 05:
INITIAL WEB BROWSER
The initial web browser was the World Wide Web created by W3C Director Tim Berners-Lee, in
1990 then renamed Nexus to differentiate from the actual World Wide Web.
QUESTION # 06:
PACKET SWITCHING OVER CIRCUIT SWITCHING
USE:

Packet switching is used for grouping data into packets for transmission over a digital network.

PRIMARY BENEFITS:

Data packets are able to find the destination without the use of a dedicated channel. Reduces
lost data packets because packet switching allows for resending of packets.

EXAMPLE:

For example the school web server sending you a webpage over the internet or you sending an
email to a friend.