CEng

Written by: Abebe W.

4.1 Design of a pad footing

A pad footing is required to resist characteristic axial loads of 1000kN permanent and 350kN variable from a
400mm square column. The safe bearing pressure on the soil is 200kN/m2 and the characteristic material strengths
are fck = 30 N/mm2 and fyk = 500 N/mm2.

Solution
Column dimensions: c1 ≔ 400 mm c2 ≔ 400 mm
Materials:
Concrete characteristic strength: fck ≔ 30 MPa

Reinforcing steel yield strength: fyk ≔ 500 MPa

kN
Safe soil bearing capacity: qa ≔ 200 ――
Loading: m2
Gk ≔ 1000 kN
Qk ≔ 350 kN

Assume a footing weight approximately equal to 10% to 15% of the total service load, so that the total permanent
load is calculated and base the design on the Prescriptive Method.
The weight of the footing:
Wpad ≔ 0.111 ⋅ ((1000 + 350)) kN = 150 kN

1. The base plan area is determined for serviceability limit state, the total design axial load
P ≔ 1.0 ⋅ Gk + 1.0 ⋅ Qk + Wpad = 1500 kN

P
Minimum pad area: Amin ≔ ―= 7.5 m 2 Take base area: Ab ≔ 7.84 m 2
qa

Provide a square base: B ≔ ‾‾‾

Ab = 2.8 m L≔B

2. Structural design of footing is performed for ultimate limit state – where load combination 1 will give the
largest set of actions for this simple structure. Hence, using the partial safety factors for load combination 1:
Column design axial load excluding pad's self-weight,

NEd ≔ 1.35 ⋅ Gk + 1.5 ⋅ Qk = 1875 kN

The bearing pressure at ultimate limit state,
NEd kN
qu ≔ ―― = 239 ――
2
B m2
3. Assume thickness of footing with a minimum cover taken as 50 mm
h ≔ 600 mm
The mean effective depth can be taken as
d ≔ 520 mm
Now, Check the provided effective pad depth is sufficient for punching shear, flexure and flexural shear
in both orthogonal x- and y- directions!
Ÿ Punching shear resistance - check at both column face and control perimeter. The maximum punching
shear stress in concrete at any section considered should not be exceeded:
⎛ ⎛ fck ⎞⎞ fck N
vRdmax ≔ 0.5 ⋅ ⎜0.6 ⋅ ⎜1 - ―――― ⎟⎟ ⋅ ――= 5.28 ――
⎝ ⎝ 250 MPa ⎠⎠ 1.5 mm 2

Ÿ At the column perimeter, or the perimeter of the loaded area, the maximum punching shear resistance of
concrete base:
CEng
Written by: Abebe W.

Ÿ At the column perimeter, or the perimeter of the loaded area, the maximum punching shear resistance of
concrete base:
Column perimeter and area: u ≔ 2 ⋅ c1 + 2 ⋅ c2 = 1.6 m Acp ≔ c1 ⋅ c2

VRdmax ≔ vRdmax ⋅ u ⋅ d = 4393 kN

The applied punching shear force and stress at the column perimeter are, respectively
VEd ≔ NEd - qu ⋅ Acp = 1837 kN

VEd N
vEd ≔ ―― = 2.21 ――
u⋅d mm 2
Check1 ≔ if vEd < vRdmax | = “Max. Shear is OK”
‖ “Max. Shear is OK” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “Not OK” |
‖ ||

Ÿ And carry out preliminary check for punching shear resistance of concrete at the basic control perimeter to
ensure that the footing thickness gives a punching shear stress which is within the likely range of acceptable
performance. The basic control perimeter for checking punching shear is at a distance 2d.
Basic control perimeter: u1 ≔ 2 ⋅ c1 + 2 ⋅ c2 + 4 π ⋅ d = 8135 mm

Area within perimeter: Ap ≔ ⎛⎝c1 + 4 ⋅ d⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎛⎝c2 + 4 ⋅ d⎞⎠ - ⎛⎝4 ⋅ ((2 ⋅ d)) 2 - π ⋅ ((2 ⋅ d)) 2 ⎞⎠ = 5.22 m 2

Therefore, the applied punching shear force:

VEd2 ≔ qu ⋅ ⎛⎝B 2 - Ap⎞⎠ = 626 kN
The applied punching shear stress:
VEd2 N
vEd2 ≔ ――= 0.15 ――
u1 ⋅ d mm 2

This applied punching shear stress shall be less than the punching shear resistance of concrete, which will
be checked later on.
4. Bending moment resistance - the critical section for bending is at the column face and one of the two sides is
enough for check for square geometry.
The applied bending moment:
⎛ B c2 ⎞ 2
⎜―- ―⎟
⎝2 2⎠
MEd ≔ qu ⋅ L ⋅ ―――― = 482 kN ⋅ m
2

MEd
K ≔ ―――― = 0.021
fck ⋅ L ⋅ d 2
Check2 ≔ if K < 0.167 | = “Provide only bot. tension steel”
‖ “Provide only bot. tension steel” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “Provide bot. and top steel” |
‖ |
The lever arm
⎛ ⎛ ⎞ ⎞
z ≔ min ⎝0.5 ⋅ d ⋅ ⎝1 + ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
1 - 3.527 ⋅ K ⎠ , 0.95 ⋅ d⎠ = 494 mm

The required rebar area is

CEng
Written by: Abebe W.

The required rebar area is

MEd
Asreq ≔ ―――― = 2244 mm 2
0.87 ⋅ fyk ⋅ z

100 ⋅ Asreq
Therefore, the rebar percentage: ρs ≔ ―――― = 0.154
L⋅d

⎛ ⎛ fck ⎞ 0.667 ⎞
⎜ 26 ⋅ 0.3 ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ ⎟
⎜ ⎝ 1 MPa ⎠ ⎟
ρsmin ≔ max ―――――――MPa , 0.13 = 0.151
⎜ f ⎟
⎝ yk ⎠
ρsprov ≔ max ⎛⎝ρs , ρsmin⎞⎠ = 0.154

ρsprov ⋅ L ⋅ d
The area of rebar to be provided: Aprov ≔ ―――― = 2244 mm 2
100

Now pprovide 12f16 bars at 200mm centers ϕ ≔ 16 mm n ≔ 12

π ⋅ ϕ2
Asprov ≔ n ⋅ ―― = 2413 mm 2
4

The maximum bar size:

The steel stress should be calculated under the action of the quasi-permanent loading:

fyk ⋅ ⎛⎝Gk + 0.3 ⋅ Qk⎞⎠ Asreq

fs ≔ ――――――――⋅ ―― = 238 MPa
1.15 ⋅ ⎛⎝1.35 ⋅ Gk + 1.5 ⋅ Qk⎞⎠ Asprov

Therefore from table 6.9 the maximum

allowable bar size is 16 mm. Hence, minimum
area and bar size requirements as specified by
the code for the purposes of crack control are
met.

5. Make a final check for punching shear:

The punching shear resistance of a slab should be assessed for the basic control section with reinforcement
added to the concrete. The design punching shear resistance [MPa] of concrete without shear reinforcement
may be calculated as follows:
where ρ1 can be taken as the average of the steel ratios in both directions.
⎛ Asprov ⎞ ⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
200 mm ⎞
ρ1 ≔ min ⎜―― , 0.02⎟ = 0.0017 k ≔ min ⎜1 + ―――, 2.0⎟ = 1.62
⎝ L⋅d ⎠ ⎝ d ⎠

⎛ fck ⎞ 0.5
vmin ≔ 0.035 MPa ⋅ k 1.5 ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ = 0.4 MPa
⎝ 1 MPa ⎠

⎛ ⎛ fck ⎞ 0.333 ⎞
⎜
vRdc ≔ max 0.12 MPa ⋅ k ⋅ ⎜100 ⋅ ρ1 ⋅ ――― ⎟ , vmin⎟ = 0.4 MPa
⎝ ⎝ 1 MPa ⎠ ⎠

The punching shear resistance of concrete at the control perimeter is

CEng
Written by: Abebe W.

The punching shear resistance of concrete at the control perimeter is

VRdc ≔ vRdc ⋅ u1 ⋅ d = 1672 kN

Check3 ≔ if VEd2 < VRdc | = “Shear reinforcement Not required”

‖ “Shear reinforcement Not required” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “Provide Shear reinforcement, or increase h” |
‖ ||

6. Check the beam shear force at the critical sections:

At the critical section for shear, 1.0d from the column face:
The applied beam shear force:
VEd1 ≔ qu ⋅ L ⋅ ⎛⎝0.5 ⋅ ⎛⎝B - c1⎞⎠ - d⎞⎠ = 455 kN
The beam shear resistance of concrete:
VRd.c ≔ vRdc ⋅ L ⋅ d = 576 kN

Check4 ≔ if VEd1 < VRd.c | = “No shear reinforcing required”

‖ “No shear reinforcing required” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “Provide shear reinforcing, or increase h” |
‖ ||

For this type of situation, checking for one direction is enough!

7. Where applicable, both foundation and structure shall be checked for overall stability at ULS:

8. Detailing - bending reinforcements at the bottom of the base should extend at least a full tension anchorage
length beyond the critical section of bending using bends if necessary at the outer edges of the base.
CEng
Written by: Abebe W.

4.2 Design of a pad footing - eccentric loading

The structural pad foundation is to be designed against a permanent load of 1200kN and 250kNm, and imposed
load of 550kN and 200kNm.Use the prescriptive method.
Solution
Column dimensions: c1 ≔ 450 mm c2 ≔ 450 mm
Materials:
Concrete characteristic strength: fck ≔ 40 MPa

Reinforcing steel yield strength: fyk ≔ 500 MPa

kN
Safe soil bearing capacity: qa ≔ 200 ――
Loading: m2
Gk ≔ 1200 kN Gmk ≔ 250 kN ⋅ m
Qk ≔ 550 kN Qmk ≔ 200 kN ⋅ m

Assume a footing weight approximately equal to 10% to 15% of the total service load, so that the total permanent
load is calculated, and base the design on the Prescriptive Method.
Assume weight of the pad: Wpad ≔ 0.15 ⋅ ⎛⎝Gk + Qk⎞⎠ = 263 kN
1. The base plan area is determined for serviceability limit state, the total design axial load is
P ≔ 1.0 ⋅ Gk + 1.0 ⋅ Qk + Wpad = 2013 kN

P
Pad area: A ≔ ―= 10.06 m 2 Take base area: A' ≔ 10.1 m 2
qa

Adding additional 25% area for moment, the minimum pad area: Amin ≔ 1.25 ⋅ A' = 12.6 m 2
Ab ≔ 14.06 m 2
Provide a square base with: B ≔ ‾‾‾
Ab = 3.75 m L≔B
Calculate the load eccentricity, e
M ≔ Gmk + Qmk = 450 kN ⋅ m

M
e ≔ ―= 0.224 m
P
For no tension requirement:
B |
if e < ― | = “No tension”
6 |
‖ “No tension” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “Adjust the base” |
‖ |

The combined soil bearing stress at serviceability limit state:

1
y ≔ 0.5 ⋅ B I ≔ ― ⋅ L ⋅ B3
12

P M⋅y kN P M⋅y kN
qmax ≔ ― + ――= 194 ―― qmin ≔ ― - ――= 92 ――
Ab I m2 Ab I m2
check1 ≔ if qmax > qa | = “Base area is OK!”
‖ “Increase the base area” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “Base area is OK!” |
‖ ||

2. Structural design of footing is performed for ultimate limit state – where load combination 1 will give the
largest set of actions for this simple structure. Hence, using the partial safety factors for load combination 1,
column design axial load pad's excluding self-weight
CEng
Written by: Abebe W.

2. Structural design of footing is performed for ultimate limit state – where load combination 1 will give the
largest set of actions for this simple structure. Hence, using the partial safety factors for load combination 1,
column design axial load pad's excluding self-weight

NEd ≔ 1.35 ⋅ Gk + 1.5 ⋅ Qk = 2445 kN

The design bending moment from column:
Mu ≔ 1.35 ⋅ Gmk + 1.5 ⋅ Qmk = 638 kN ⋅ m
The design soil bearing pressure
NEd Mu ⋅ y kN NEd Mu ⋅ y kN
qmax' ≔ ―― + ―― = 246 ―― qmin' ≔ ―― - ―― = 101 ――
Ab I m 2
A b I m2
The average design soil bearing pressure
qmin' + qmax' kN
qav ≔ ――――= 174 ――
2 m2
3. Assume thickness of footing with a minimum cover taken as 50 mm
h ≔ 615 mm
The mean effective depth can be taken as
d ≔ 550 mm
Now, Check the provided effective pad depth is sufficient for punching shear, flexure and flexural shear
in both orthogonal x- and y- directions!
4. Bending moment resistance - the critical section for bending is at the column face and one of the two sides is
enough for check for square geometry.
Moment in x- direction:
To calculate the design bending moment on pad, first
ly ≔ 0.5 ⋅ ⎛⎝L - c2⎞⎠ = 1.65 m
Then,
MEdx ≔ 0.5 ⋅ qav ⋅ B ⋅ ly 2 = 887 kN ⋅ m

MEdx
Kx ≔ ―――― = 0.02
fck ⋅ B ⋅ d 2
Check2 ≔ if Kx < 0.167 | = “Provide only bot. tension steel”
‖ “Provide only bot. tension steel” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “Provide bot. and top steel” |
‖ ||
The lever arm
zx ≔ min ⎛⎝0.5 ⋅ d ⋅ ⎛⎝1 + ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
1 - 3.527 ⋅ Kx ⎞⎠ , 0.95 ⋅ d⎞⎠ = 522.5 mm
The required rebar area is
MEdx
Asreqx ≔ ――――= 3904 mm 2
0.87 ⋅ fyk ⋅ zx

100 ⋅ Asreqx
Therefore, the rebar percentage: ρsx ≔ ―――― = 0.189
B⋅d

⎛ ⎛ fck ⎞ 0.667 ⎞
⎜ 26 ⋅ 0.3 ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ ⎟
⎜ ⎝ 1 MPa ⎠ ⎟
ρsminx ≔ max ―――――――MPa , 0.13 = 0.183
⎜ f ⎟
⎝ yk ⎠

ρprovx ≔ max ⎛⎝ρsx , ρsminx⎞⎠ = 0.189

CEng
ρprovx ≔ max ⎛⎝ρsx , ρsminx⎞⎠ = 0.189 Written by: Abebe W.

ρprovx ⋅ B ⋅ d
The area of rebar to be provided: Aprovx ≔ ――――= 3904 mm 2
100

Now, pprovide 20f16 bars at 200mm centers ϕx ≔ 16 mm nx ≔ 20

π ⋅ ϕx 2
Asprovx ≔ nx ⋅ ――― = 4021 mm 2
4
The maximum bar size:
The steel stress should be calculated under the action of the quasi-permanent loading:

fyk ⋅ ⎛⎝Gk + 0.3 ⋅ Qk⎞⎠ Asreqx

fsx ≔ ――――――――⋅ ――― = 236 MPa
1.15 ⋅ ⎛⎝1.35 ⋅ Gk + 1.5 ⋅ Qk⎞⎠ Asprovx

Therefore from table 6.9 the maximum allowable bar size is 16 mm. Hence, minimum area and bar size
requirements as specified by the code for the purposes of crack control are met.
Moment in y- direction:
To calculate the design bending moment on pad, first
⎛⎝qmax' - qmin'⎞⎠ kN
qcfy ≔ qmin' + ――――― ⋅ ⎛⎝B + c1⎞⎠ = 183 ――
2⋅B m2
lx ≔ 0.5 ⋅ ⎛⎝B - c1⎞⎠ = 1.65 m
Then,
2
lx 2
MEdy ≔ 0.5 ⋅ qcfy ⋅ L ⋅ lx ⎛ ⎞
+ ⎝qmax' - qcfy⎠ ⋅ L ⋅ ―― = 1149 kN ⋅ m
3
MEdy
Ky ≔ ―――― = 0.025
fck ⋅ L ⋅ d 2
Check3 ≔ if Ky < 0.167 | = “Provide only bot. tension steel”
‖ “Provide only bot. tension steel” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “Provide bot. and top steel” |
‖ ||
The lever arm
zy ≔ min ⎛⎝0.5 ⋅ d ⋅ ⎛⎝1 + ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
1 - 3.527 ⋅ Ky ⎞⎠ , 0.95 ⋅ d⎞⎠ = 522.5 mm
The required rebar area is
MEdy
Asreqy ≔ ――――= 5056 mm 2
0.87 ⋅ fyk ⋅ zy

100 ⋅ Asreqy
Therefore, the rebar percentage: ρsy ≔ ―――― = 0.245
L⋅d

⎛ ⎛ fck ⎞ 0.667 ⎞
⎜ 26 ⋅ 0.3 ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ ⎟
⎜ ⎝ 1 MPa ⎠ ⎟
ρsminy ≔ max ―――――――MPa , 0.13 = 0.183
⎜ f ⎟
⎝ yk ⎠
ρprovy ≔ max ⎛⎝ρsy , ρsminy⎞⎠ = 0.245

ρprovy ⋅ L ⋅ d
The area of rebar to be provided: Aprovy ≔ ―――― = 5056 mm 2
100

Now pprovide 17f20 bars at 200mm centers ϕy ≔ 20 mm ny ≔ 17

π ⋅ ϕy 2
Asprovy ≔ ny ⋅ ――― = 5341 mm 2
4

The maximum bar size:

The steel stress should be calculated under the action of the quasi-permanent loading:
CEng
Written by: Abebe W.

The maximum bar size:

The steel stress should be calculated under the action of the quasi-permanent loading:

fyk ⋅ ⎛⎝Gk + 0.3 ⋅ Qk⎞⎠ Asreqy

fsy ≔ ――――――――⋅ ――― = 230 MPa
1.15 ⋅ ⎛⎝1.35 ⋅ Gk + 1.5 ⋅ Qk⎞⎠ Asprovy

Therefore from table 6.9 the maximum allowable

bar size is 16 mm. Hence, minimum area and bar
size requirements as specified by the code for the
purposes of crack control are met.

5. Punching shear resistance – check at both column face and basic control perimeter. The maximum punching
shear stress in concrete at any section considered should not be exceeded:
⎛ ⎛ fck ⎞⎞ fck N
vRdmax ≔ 0.5 ⋅ ⎜0.6 ⋅ ⎜1 - ―――― ⎟⎟ ⋅ ――= 6.72 ――
⎝ ⎝ 250 MPa ⎠⎠ 1.5 mm 2
Ÿ The maximum punching shear resistance of concrete base at the section considered, at the column
perimeter, or the perimeter of the loaded area:
Column perimeter & area: u ≔ 2 ⋅ c1 + 2 ⋅ c2 = 1.8 m Acp ≔ c1 ⋅ c2

VRdmax ≔ vRdmax ⋅ u ⋅ d = 6653 kN

The applied punching shear force and stress at the column perimeter are, respectively
VEd ≔ NEd - qav ⋅ Acp = 2410 kN

VEd N
vEd ≔ ―― = 2.43 ――
u⋅d mm 2
Ÿ And carry out preliminary check for punching shear resistance of concrete at the basic control perimeter to
ensure that the footing thickness gives a punching shear stress which is within the likely range of acceptable
performance. The basic control perimeter for checking punching shear is at a distance 2d.
Basic control perimeter: u1 ≔ 2 ⋅ c1 + 2 ⋅ c2 + 4 π ⋅ d = 8712 mm

Area within perimeter: Ap ≔ ⎛⎝c1 + 4 ⋅ d⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎛⎝c2 + 4 ⋅ d⎞⎠ - ⎛⎝4 ⋅ ((2 ⋅ d)) 2 - π ⋅ ((2 ⋅ d)) 2 ⎞⎠ = 5.98 m 2

Therefore, the applied punching shear force:

VEd2 ≔ qav ⋅ ⎛⎝B 2 - Ap⎞⎠ = 1404 kN

The applied punching shear stress:

VEd2 N
vEd2 ≔ ――= 0.29 ――
u1 ⋅ d mm 2
For eccentric loading, the applied shear stress is enhanced by a factor β > 1 where
c1 2
k' ≔ 0.6 W1 ≔ ―― + c1 ⋅ c2 + 4 ⋅ c2 ⋅ d + 16 ⋅ d 2 + 2 ⋅ π ⋅ d ⋅ c1 = 7.7 m 2
2

MEdav ≔ 0.5 ⋅ ⎛⎝MEdx + MEdy⎞⎠ = 1018 kN ⋅ m

CEng
Written by: Abebe W.

MEdav ≔ 0.5 ⋅ ⎛⎝MEdx + MEdy⎞⎠ = 1018 kN ⋅ m

MEdav u1
β ≔ 1 + k' ⋅ ――― ⋅ ――= 1.5
VEd2 W1

The revised applied punching shear force is then

VEd2 N
vEd2' ≔ β ⋅ ――= 0.44 ―― VEd2' ≔ vEd2' ⋅ u1 ⋅ d = 2097 kN
u1 ⋅ d mm 2
This applied punching shear stress shall be less than the punching shear resistance of concrete, which will
be checked later on.
Also, the applied punching shear force and stress at the column perimeter are
c1 2
W ≔ ―― + c1 ⋅ c2 = 0.304 m 2
2
MEdav u
β' ≔ 1 + k' ⋅ ――― ⋅ ― = 2.5
VEd W

VEd N
vEd' ≔ β' ⋅ ―― = 6.09 ―― VEd' ≔ vEd' ⋅ u ⋅ d = 6030 kN
u⋅d mm 2
Check4 ≔ if vEd' < vRdmax | = “Max. Shear is OK”
‖ “Max. Shear is OK” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “Not OK” |
‖ ||

5. Make a final check for punching shear:

The shear resistance of the concrete slab without shear reinforcement for the basic section with bending
reinforcement added to the concrete can be obtained from Code equation:
where ρ1 can be taken as the average of the steel ratios in both directions:
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
Asprovx Asprovy
ρ1av ≔ ――― ⋅ ――― = 0.002
B⋅d L⋅d
⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
200 mm ⎞
ρ1 ≔ min ⎛⎝ρ1av , 0.02⎞⎠ = 0.002 k ≔ min ⎜1 + ―――, 2.0⎟ = 1.6
⎝ d ⎠
⎛ fck ⎞ 0.5
vmin ≔ 0.035 MPa ⋅ k 1.5 ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ = 0.449 MPa
⎝ 1 MPa ⎠
Then, ⎛ ⎛ ⎞
fck ⎞ 0.333
vRdc ≔ max ⎜0.12 MPa ⋅ k ⋅ ⎜100 ⋅ ρ1av ⋅ ――― ⎟ , vmin⎟ = 0.449 MPa
⎝ ⎝ 1 MPa ⎠ ⎠
The punching shear force: VRdc ≔ vRdc ⋅ u1 ⋅ d = 2153 kN

Check5 ≔ if VEd2' < VRdc | = “Shear reinforcement Not required”

‖ “Shear reinforcement Not required” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “provide shear reinforcing, or increase h” |
‖ ||

6. Check the beam shear force at the critical sections:

CEng
Written by: Abebe W.

6. Check the beam shear force at the critical sections:

At the critical section for shear, 1.0d from the column face:
Shear in x- direction:
The applied beam shear force at d where
ll ≔ 0.5 ⋅ ⎛⎝L - c2⎞⎠ - d = 1.1 m

kN
qdx ≔ qav = 174 ――
m2
VEd1x ≔ qav ⋅ B ⋅ ll = 717 kN
The beam shear resistance of concrete:
VRd.cx ≔ vRdc ⋅ B ⋅ d = 927 kN

Check7 ≔ if VEd1x < VRd.cx | = “Shear reinforcing Not required”

‖ “Shear reinforcing Not required” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “provide shear reinforcing, or increase h” |
‖ ||

Shear in y- direction:
The applied beam shear force at d where
lb ≔ 0.5 ⋅ ⎛⎝B - c1⎞⎠ - d
⎛⎝qmax' - qmin'⎞⎠ kN
qdy ≔ ――――― ⎛⎝0.5 ⋅ ⎛⎝B + c1⎞⎠ + d⎞⎠ + qmin' = 204 ――
B m2
VEd1y ≔ qdy ⋅ L ⋅ lb + 0.5 ⋅ ⎛⎝qmax' - qdy⎞⎠ ⋅ lb ⋅ L = 929 kN

The beam shear resistance of concrete:

VRd.cy ≔ vRdc ⋅ L ⋅ d = 927 kN

Check8 ≔ if VEd1y < VRd.cy | = “provide shear reinforcing, or increase h”

‖ “Shear reinforcing Not required” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “provide shear reinforcing, or increase h” |
‖ ||

7. Where applicable, both foundation and structure shall be checked for overall stability at ULS:

8. Detailing - bending reinforcements at the bottom of the base should extend at least a full tension anchorage
length beyond the critical section of bending using bends if necessary at the outer edges of the base.