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INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY

OF THE HUMAN PERSON
QUARTER 2 – MODULE 3

THE HUMAN PERSON IN SOCIETY

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INTRODUCTION (What I need to know)
This module will help you understands how individuals form societies and how these
individuals will be transformed to become more socially responsible. The concepts and learning
activities presented in this module will give you knowledge on the roles played by a person in the
society and his/her contributions in social development.

This module is divided into three parts, namely; a) what is society and what inspires
human beings to establish societies, b) types of societies and its characteristics, and c) how does
society influence our development as persons.

(MELC) Most Essential Learning Competencies:

a. recognize how individuals form societies and how individuals are transformed by
societies (PPT11/12-IIf-7.1)

b. compare different forms of societies and individualities (PPT11/12-IIg-7.2

c. explain how human relations are transformed by social systems (PPT11/12-IIg-7.3)

DISCUSSIONS AND ACTIVITIES (What is it)

RECOGNIZE HOW INDIVIDUALS FORM SOCIETIES AND HOW INDIVIDUALS ARE

TRANSFORMED BY SOCIETIES

“Our modern age remains an era of increasing dullness, conformity and lack of genuine”
- Soren Keikegaard

Life was much simpler before. One begins to comprehend how technology evolved. From
medieval crafts to industrial revolution that was dominated by factors such as revolutionary
discoveries in natural resources, detection and extraction of energy resources, invention of
mechanical devices, availability of investment capital, improved means of transportation,
communication, and growing interest taken by scientific and commercial circles of technology
and engineering.
Philosophically, our totality, wholeness, or “complete life” relies on our social relations.
Aristotle said that friends are two bodies with one soul. Mutual sharing, acceptance, and
sincerity. For Buber, the human person attains fulfilment in the realm of interpersonal, in
meeting the other, through a genuine dialog. For Wojtyla, through participation, we share in the
humanness of others. Aristotle, Buber, and Wojtyla stress that the concreteness of our
experiences and existence is directly linked to our experience with others (C. Ramos, 2016).
DIFFERENT FORMS OF SOCIETIES AND INDIVIDUALITIES

Medieval Period: 500 – 1500 CE

Some historians say that the middle ages began in AD 476 when the Barbarian Odoacer
overthrew emperor Romulus Augustulus, ending the Western Roman Empire; still others say
about 500 AD or even later. Historians say that the middle ages ended with the fall of
Constantinople.
The invaders however, lacked the knowledge and skills to carry on Roman achievements
in art, literature, and engineering. In effect, highly developed systems of Roman law and
government gave way to the rude forms of the barbarians. Thus, the early medieval period is
sometimes referred to as Dark Ages.

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 Christianity’s influence widened when the great Charlemegne became king of the Franks
who founded schools in monasteries and churches for both the poor and nobility (the group of
people who are members of the highest social class in some countries).
The way of life in the middle ages is called Feudalism, which comes from Medieval Latin
feudum, meaning property, or possession. Peasants, about nine-tenths of them, are farmers or
village laborers. Many peasants built their villages of huts near the castles of their lords for
protection in exchange of their services. However, the growth of commerce and towns, feudalism
as a system of government began to pass. As changes in business, government and social
customs steadily shaped a new life in Europe, rising interest in artistic and intellectual
achievements reached a peak in the Renaissance – a revival of classical learning.

Modern Period: 1500 – 1800 CE

The modern period is generally said to begin around 1500 CE, less than a decade the
arbitrary date Christopher Columbus had landed his ships in the new world, altering not only
the geography but the politics of the world forever.
Only a decade after, Martin Luther would tack 95 theses to the door of the church at
Wittenberg and initiate the reformation, which would case several centuries of upheaval in
Europe, change the nature of Christian religion, and eventually change the conceptions of
human nature.
Leadership in arts and literature reached peak in the renaissance period. The result is the
revival of ancient philosophy and European philosophers turning the supernatural to natural or
rational explanations of the world.

Experimentation, observation and application of mathematics in the natural sciences set

standards for philosophic inquiry. Discoveries of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, and Newton
influenced the thinking of philosophers. Nonetheless, we should not overemphasize the triumphs
of modern science in the history of modern philosophy.

A “New Normal” Community

Relationships that we experienced in our lives depend on the level of our

experience (R. Abella, 2016). For example, when we were yet a child, we always
depended on our family. As we grow older, we start to go with people in the community,
from there; we began to relate ourselves with our opposite sex. In our doing such, we
exercise our freedom to do what we want to do. We are capable of establishing society by
way of our different relationships with other people such as friendships, alliances or
associates sharing common interests and territory.
Our relationships with other people caused us to survive. We survive because of our
parents, our friends, our neighbours, our schoolmates and, workmates. The education we have
starts from our home. Our parents taught us everything - from talking, reading and writing,
values, good manners and right conduct; simple household chores. This education will continue
when we go to school. When we finish our education, we are already equipped with abilities,
skills and knowledge for us to become productive members of the society. Therefore, society
helps us grow as a better person (C. Ramos, 2016)

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 TYPES OF SOCIETIES AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
1. HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETY

This form of society is recognized as the earliest and the simplest; basically small and
composed mostly of families. They are nomadic, meaning, they kept on transferring from one
place to another to look for food, thus, they do not have permanent houses. Men are tasked to
hunt large animals while women are tasked in the collection of vegetables and other crops.

2. PASTORAL SOCIETY

This form of society is characterized by the raising (alaga) of animals to supply their food
especially in the regions of the world where vegetable growing is not possible. They also engage
in buying and selling of goods with other groups.

3. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

This form of society engages in the growing of plants, fruits and vegetables. In this society,
there is enough food supply. Some members of the society also engage in making crafts and
buying and selling of goods.

4. AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY

This form of society grows rice and other crops. They also began to farm and raise animals
for food. They lived permanently and improved the technology for farming. Money became a form
of exchange for goods and services.

5. FEUDAL SOCIETY

It is a form of society in which the ruler or lord owned all the land while the farmers or
laborers farmed it.

6. INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

This society used machineries in the production of goods and services. Through
innovations and technological advances, daily activities become easier and the lives of the people
become better.

7. POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

Also known as the virtual (computer) society, people use technology and the Internet to
communicate, to engage in business and access different information that can be if used to deal
with daily activities.

How does Society Influence our Development as Persons?

As members of the society, we learn, we interact, we exercise our freedom and we follow
common beliefs, traditions and norms or standards.

Norms are set of traits and behaviours that society considers good and acceptable. The
society expects us to behave the way it is used to. When we do not obey to the established
norms, then we experience punishments for not doing so. Moreover, laws are made to provide us
proper guidelines to sustain peace and order. Violation of the law means punishment. On the
other hand, folkways are traditional in nature and do not result in punishment if not followed.

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 The person and society are inseparable. One cannot exist without the other. It is a two-
way relationship that binds both the person and the society for growth and development. We
have our own individual assigned social roles in the society (R. Abella, 2016).

Social roles are set of connected behaviours expected to a certain person. Individuals
with common or similar roles are grouped together to form social groups and eventually the
different social groups would become social institutions that include our family, school,
government among others (R. Abella, 2016)

ACTIVITY 1-A: SHOOT IN THE BOX!

Directions: Choose the concept in the box that corresponds to the statements in Column A.
Write your answer in Column B. Use a separate sheet for your answer.

Ite COLUMN A COLUMN B

m Concepts:
Norms Social Role Social Values
1These are less normal norms that arise from tradition and do
Laws
not result in Folkways
punishment when violated. Culture
2 These are more formal norms that establish and define
acceptable behavior of citizens.
3 Actions and behaviours expected of a certain individual
4 Actions or ideals that are considered important by society.
5 These are set of traits and behavior that society considers
acceptable.
ACTIVITY 1-B: BE COOL!

Directions: Write Cool if the statement is correct and Uncool if the statement is incorrect.

_____1. In the medieval era, faith and reason were separate and never related.

_____2. Changes in the society remained simple.

_____3. Feudalism as a system of government began to pass because of growth of commerce and
towns.

_____4. Globalization is both beneficial and destructive.

_____5. At present, modern success is measured by how one masters science.

ACTIVITY 2: MIX IT WELL!

Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to form the correct word, the answer the guide questions
below. A scoring rubric is provided as your guide in answering this activity. Use a separate sheet
of paper.

Jumbled Letters Answer

1. YTEICOS _____________

2. NTINGHU _____________

3. PASRALTO _____________

4. GALATURIUCLR _____________

5. TDUNSLRIAI _____________

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Guide question:

1. Choose at least three types of society which you think is the most conducive place to live.
Explain your answer in two sentences.

1. __________________________________________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________________________________________________

Scoring Rubrics

Criteria Indicators Score

Concept and Content Brilliant ideas are evident; with example 5
Organization All ideas are logically arranged 5
Presentation Well-written and free from tardiness 5
Total 15

ACTIVITY 3: WHO AM I?

Directions: Read the statement and give your personal insights. A scoring rubric is provided for
you as your guide in answering this activity. Use a separate sheet of paper.

Do you know that actors and actresses play different roles in teleseryes or movies? Just like
them, we play different roles in our family, in our school and in the community. How about you?
What is the role you played in your family, school and community? List your answers below.

1. Family _____________________________________________________________________________

2. School ____________________________________________________________________________

3. Community _________________________________________________________________________

Scoring Rubrics

Criteria Indicators Score

Concept and Content Brilliant ideas are evident; with example 5
Organization All ideas are logically arranged 5
Presentation Well-written and free from tardiness 5
Total 15

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ASSESSMENT:
I. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Use separate sheet of paper.

1. It refers to the social conditions which enable persons and groups to fulfil their goals and
achieve well-being.

A. common goal B. common good C. social being D. socialization

2. It is an organized group of people whose members interact frequently and have a common
territory and culture.

A. family B. Individual C. Society D. Siblings

3. It gives us the opportunity to pursue various activities to achieve our goals and attain well-
being or happiness.

A. freedom B. Justice C. Opportunity D. Happiness

4. The principal means of subsistence (hanapbuhay) of pastoralists is

a. trading c. farming

b. animal domestication d. hunting and gathering

3. The oldest and the most basic way of economic subsistence.

a. gathering and fishing c. pastoral and fishing

b. hunting and pastoral d. hunting and gathering

II. Directions: List down five (5) Filipino traits/behaviours that you are practicing at home.
Answer the guide question that follows. A scoring rubric is provided below as your guide in
answering this activity.

1.___________________________________________________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________________________________________________

4. __________________________________________________________________________________________

5. __________________________________________________________________________________________

Guide question:

1. From your lists, choose at least two Filipino traits which you consider the most important.
Explain in three sentences only.

1.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

2.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

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 Scoring Rubrics

Criteria Indicators Score

Concept and Content Brilliant ideas are evident; with example 5
Organization All ideas are logically arranged 5
Presentation Well-written and free from tardiness 5
Total 15

III. Directions: Read the paragraph below and answer the question that follows. A scoring
rubric is provided below as your guide in answering this activity.

Due to the pandemic, we had the chance to have a longer vacation, not in our dream
destination, but at home. Sometimes we say, we feel bored doing our daily routine at home. How
did we deal with boredom? First, think of happy moments in life. Reflect on what you have done
to stay happy despite the crisis. Realized that life is still worth living after all.

List down three positive changes that happened in your life brought about by the
pandemic situation.

1. ________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

Scoring Rubrics

Criteria Indicators Score

Concept and Content Brilliant ideas are evident; with example 5
Organization All ideas are logically arranged 5
Presentation Well-written and free from tardiness 5
Total 15

References

-Books

Christine Carmela R. Ramos, Ph. D. introduction to the Philosophy of Human Person. REX Book Store
Inc., 856 Nicanor Reyes, Manila, Philippines. 2016

Abella, Roberto M.Div., D. Min. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. C& E Publishing,
Inc., Quezon City, 2016.

Cornejo et al. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Mindshapers Publishing, Inc.

DIVISION QUALITY ASSURANCE MANAGEMENT TEAM IN HUMSS

WRITER: JEFFREY A. DEL CAMPO

VALIDATORS: 8
DR. MARILEX A. TERCIAS
DR. ALBERTO O. RABANG
JEANNEROSE M. ACOSTA
MA. JOCELYN J. SOTONG
DR. EUGENE M. TORALBA
DR. VIRGINIA B. FREGILLANA
ZOSIMA IRENE H. FERNANDEZ
DANILO T. SIBLAG
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