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 Grammafi
Time
Contents
'| Iroye got, possessive oqjectives
64 Determiners ond pfonouns 7g
ond pronouns, wl,ose

lil' po"t simpte, used ro il5 Reflexive pronouns, eoch other g2

8
t16 Aqiectives ond odverbs,
'1,$7' Post continuous ond post simpte 14 comporison 86

Use your English (unirs i-3) 20

i,ii erepositions s2

li,!! eresent perfecr (1) Use your English lunirs rz-rzy e e

ffi Present perfect (2) 28 'ii6 woru oroer t oo

,i,jlfl' Post perteo
34 ljO ouestions 104

Use your English lunirs +-oy 38 ff ouestion togs, short

ogreemenls 110
lij" tne tuure 40 21' tne possive 114
ij.$' tvtooot verbs (1): Abitiry,
permission, requests, obligotion, Use your English lunirs re-zr1 '1 18
necessity 46
,;y' ruoOorverbs (2); possibitiry /
c2 -lrg forms ond infinitives 120
probobility, deduction, odvice 5Z 2l Reported speech 124
lj'ft ruooor verbs (3): offers, Lin Defining relotive clquses 128
suggestions 56

Conditionots, wisir
ui Sentence linking 132
'fi1' 60
Use your English lunits zz-zs1 136
Use your English (unirs 7-11) 66
Grommor Reference 138
iij'f' ruouns, orticres 68
Word list 142
i,|i3 auontity: some, dny, no, much,
mdny,dfew,olit e 74
 have gof, possessive odjectives
mmd pronouns, whase

Whot ore gou doing?

Hi, HorrglWhere
tt>Yrt// ore gou?
I'm... er...in o shop.
Whot ore gou doing?
I'm buging something.
But it's Fridog. We
'tt,'
t.lt,l -.,\J usuollg go to the
L,\' I -f'.
.a>
:- m ar)\\ cinemo on Fridog.
Well, I'm doing mg
shopping todog.
Whot ore gou doing?
I'm stonding right
This is o surprise for gou,
behind goul
gou know! I'm buging
gour birthddg presentl I'm buging something.

-sur
kv$ t
Nll

s
Good. I wont the blocl<
T-shirt, then. ldon't
like the brown one!

Complete the tobles. ) Look ot the spelling rules on poge 139.

l/You/We/Theg go I

goes He/She/lt fs( ... )

( re)

not (don't) 9o omnot( .

I ) goinc

He/She/lt (isn't)
not (doesn't)
(oren't)

Do l/gou/we/theg 9o?
I
he/she/it ls he/she/it
4
gou/we/theg
 be, subject pronouns

fi#flt Reod the informqtion.

Present simple
Use
We use the present simple to tolk obout:
. hobits, things thot we do regulcrlg.
We usuallg go to the park after school .
. focts, things thot ore olwogs or usuollg
true:
Mg sister wotlis in o bookshop.
The Earth goes round the sun.
Time expressions
. We often use these time expressions with
the present simple:
in SePterrber, in the momingldftemoonl
eveni n g on Mond o gs lT uesdags
everg daglweekl month, onceltwicel three
ti mes o weekt mo nth I geor
. These time expressions come ot the
beginning or end of the sentence.
Everg weekend we visit our cousins.
Mg dod storts work at eight every ddg.
. We olso use cdverbs of frequencg (olwogs,
usudllg, often, sometimes, never) with the
present simple. Theg come before the
motn verb.
Petet never tidies his room.
Do gou alwoF get up at seven?
And qfter the verb be.
I'm never late for school.
He isn't usuollg busg on Sundays.
Present continuous
Use
We use the present continuous to tolk
obout:
. something thot is hoppening now:
Som ond Alex ore watching TV .
. tempororg situotions:
Fred's stoging with his ount this weekend.
Time expressions
We often use these time expressions with
the present continuous:
now, right now, dt the moment, todag
this weeAmonthlgeor, these dogs.
She's doing her homewotk ot the moment.
Present simple ond present continuous
Compore these exomples:
He usuo//g does hrs homework in the evening.
(A hobit. Use the present simple.)
He s doing his homewod.. (This is hoppening
now. Use the present contiduous.)

Complete with the present simple,

I Horrg often 99.99. ... .. to the pork ofter school. (go)
2 Mg brother.... meot. (not eot)
3 Where ... ? (gour cousins / live)
goidg Beth .... orticles for Teenlir'k. (write)
5 on Sqturdogs? (gour porents / work)
6 Whdt time .. in the morning? (gou / get up)
7 | .. .. ... to the theotre verg often. (not go)
gorn9
w,:!tt Complete with the present continuous.
stop thot noise!
I |
n llAins ... to do mg homework! (tr9)
2 Dove ond Brion wont to go home. The! o good time. (not hove)
3 Whg ?(gou/lough)
. .. to us? (thot girl/ tolk)
5 Vickg . for her test. She's ot the sports centre. (not studg)
6 Horrg's in his room. He... d repoft for Teenlirk. (write)
5
ti;{,,

ffi Complete with everg dog or ot the moment.

Beth's tidging her roolr' 9!.ln? f .o.nP.tl!..
2 Horrg gets up eorlg
3 l4r ond f1rs Dovis ore wotching TV
Peter goes to the pork
5 Beth drinks o gloss of milk
6 LucA s ploging the violin

ffi aeaa ond write.

Today
on Monday allernoofl
Harry - listen to ne!r.
:H'firy edit 'Teenlink'
- CD
Lucy - watch film on
Lucy - do homework TV
gym Mrs Hardy _ visit friend
Mrs rhrdy - go to the
Peter - rcad book
Peter- PlaY footbau Beth - Frite sror-I,
Beth - studY Span$n
Mr Davis _ cook dinner
Mr Davis - run in the Park

I On Mondog ofternoon, Horrg {9!.19119 4it9 '..Tie1-!r!k' but todog h9.il t4ljning.!9 hi9..n9ry.90.
2 On Mondog ofternoon, Lucg..... ..... but todog
3 On Mondog ofternoon, Mrs Hordg .... but todog..
4 On flondog ofternoon, Peter. . ... .. but todog ...
5 On Mondog ofternoon, Beth .. ... .. but todog
3 On Mondog ofternoon, Mr Dovis .. but todog

1'1.,
i111 Reod the informotion.
Stote verbs
We usuollg use the present simple, not the present continuous with stote verbs.
Here ore some common stote verbs:
befieve, belong, cost, feel, hote, hove (= possess), heor, know, like, love, need, ptefer, remember,
see, smel/, tdste, thinK understand, wont
I don't believe gou! y' @.
What do gou wont? y' Whatateaoa-r,dngn{
Does he have a bike? y' @ike?
,ru Circle the correct onswer.
Bell.rl6Gi/ is loving milk.
2 \ly'hg do gou look / ore gou looking ot me?
3 Do gou remember / Are gor.,l remembering mg friend Nikki?
Be quiet! I wotch / I'm wotching the news!
5 Cosmo hdtes / is hoting dogs.
6 Listen to me! | tdlk / I'm tolking to gou!
7 Whot's this? Whot do gou do / ore gou doing?
I I'm sorrg, ldon't understond / I'm not understonding.

6
 iit ,: il,,

hqve got, possessive odiectives ond pronouns , wll.rlse 1

l,,iir Complete with the present simple or present continuous.

I A: Whdt I ar9 a9q..a9t.n9 (gou / do)?
B: 2 .... (moke) some sondwiches. Jen's here - ond we're both reollg
hungrg!
A: Oh. Well, | 3 .. . . . (go) to the supermorket. 4
(gou / need) ongthing?
B: Yes. Could gou get us some oronge juice? No, woit. Jen s (not like)
oronge iuice - cqn gou get us two cons of colol
oK.

2A: | 6 .. ... (not understond) how this progrom works. Con gou help me?
7.
B: I'm sorrg, I con't. l'm lote. Tim (woit) for me downstoirs. Ask Dod
to help gou. He's in the living room he 8 . (reod) his newspoper.
Dod con't help me. He 9 . (not know) ongthing obout compurersr

Reqd qnd complete with the present

simple or present continuous.
)

work on a new film / TV series /

album
ii;t Write qbout gour fovourite film stor / pop 5151-. read / $.rite abook
spend a few da-vs in /
Use some of these ideqs ond gour own ideos. witn ,'
raLr ..lessons
golr)
le.fn how to pln) (the guimf /
STAF NEWS
 ll llllullm ffi

Post simple, used to

Post simple

A Real Surprise! by Peter Davis

A few days ago Mr Staffod, a Maths teachet answered h s front doon There was a
man at the door. He had a notebook in his hand and he said: 'Dd you teach at
Welbourne Primary School thirty yeans ago?'
Mr Stafford nodded.
'Well, this is for youl' said the stnanger and gave him the notebook.
'My name's Henry Craig and I used io be your pupi. I was veny naughty one day and
you told me to write, 'l w l! behave better in class' 1 ,OOO times n my notebook.
Soon after that my fami! moved to France and I nevef gave it to you. Well, here t s
nowl l'm soFrv it took so lonol'

Complete the tobles.

ffi
ffi
|

|
/You / He/ She/ lt/We/Theg

/You / He / She/ lt/ We/Theg

Regulor
onswered
cotl

did ....... (didn't)

lrregulcr-

left

onswer / go

Regulor verbs lrregulqr verbs

Did l/gou/he/she/ onswer? 90 l/gou/he/she/ did.
it/we/theg itlwe/theg
No,

Regulor lrregulor
When did | / gou / he / she / it / we / theg onswer? 9o?
coll? lewe?

o
 Posl simple, used to

lxttit.
:ti, a Reqd lhe in{ormqtion.

Use . In negotive sentences ond questions, we

We use the post simple to tolk obout: use didldidn't ond the infinitive. We don't
. on oction thot storted ond finished ih me use the post simple form ofthe verb.
pdst. We usuollg sog when it hoppened. Theg didn't cotne with us. y'
I Phoned Bob lost night. I+€g{rC€+<ffi€-rfli+h+ls
We bought o new cor two months dgo. Did gou like the film7 y'
. situotions thot were true in the pdst. Did3€d-.lik€C+h€fH
Theg lived in this house ten geors ogo. . The post simple of be is wos/were.
Mrs Smith worked in this bonk two gears Remember: we don't use did/didn't wrtn
490.
. post hobits. I wos ot home ot eigltt o'clock.
Mg gondod trovelled o lot when he was He wasn't at the portg last night.
99unq. Whete were gou?
Form Time expressions
. To form the post simple of regulor verbs, . \ y'e often use these time expressions with
we ddd -ed or -d to the moin verb. the Post simple:
stort -t stdfted crg ) cfied gesterdog, gestetdag morninglafternoonl
srop + stopped like + liked eveni n g two hou rs I dogs lweeksI monthsl gearc
. lrregulor verbs don't form the post simple ogo I ast weekl month Jge ot / F r idog I night,
with -ed. Eoch irregulor verb is different. in 2007llanudg
go + went Tun + Ton Did Wu see lone lost night?
g;ve + gove toke + took Mg uncle bought this house in 1999.

'[,111) Complete the toble with the Post simPle form of the verbs in the box. Write
eoch verb in the correct column.

Serte 9bn€6 drop forget keep know like stoy studg swim toke
tidu trovel tru understond write

wt!l,, Complete with the post simple. Regulor verbs lrregulor verbs
Mr Stofford ,o!rgn!. .
. ot Welbourne Primorg School. (teoch) oanaeo cQme

2 Henrg ... ... ..... his notebook to his tedcher. (give)

3 l'lott on hour ogo. (phone)
4 Liz ... ... with us gesterdog. (come)
5 There ... . .. fiftg people ot the potg on Soturdog. (be)
6 The gome . .. .. ten minutes ogo. (stort)
7 We... ... .. the house ot holf post eight. (leove)
I lrene.. ... ... to Germong in 2005. (move)

I
ffi! Correct rhe sentences.
I Peter ond Horrg went to o restouront on Soturdog ofternoon.
.I!:a 4iln'!..59. b..9 f99!a!la4: fhgg.w9nt.!q on Internet cof6.
2 She sent him o letter.
. dn e-moil.
3 George bought a new computer lost month.
o printer'
+ w" g; h - u."i r.. n,, o *no"v-
" o CD-ROf1.
5 Mdrio downlooded o gome from their website.
some PhotogroPhs'
g t" g"t" pL.n" nr.nufr.
"r'h,,
... ... his e-moil oddress.

ffi Aeoa ond complete with the post simple.

Lost Fridog I wq9 .... . (be) Gug Fowkes night ond there 2
it (be) o big firework
displog in the pork. Evergbodg 3 {
... .. (wotch) it. LucA ond Sophie .. . (9o) to
the displog together. Th.g u . (hove) o greot time!
Peter 6.. ..... .... (visit) everg food stoll ond he 7 (bug) something ot eoch one.
He I . .. ... (eot) six toffee dpples!
Horrg 9 (toke) photos for Teenlink ond Beth l0 . . ... ... (interview) some
oeoDle for her orticle.
Cosmo ond Bello rr .. ... (not go) to the pork. Cots hote fireworks! Cosmo
(stdg) under Horrg's bed ond he 13. .. . (not come out) untilthe fireworks
la.. ... ... (stop)!
iiljiiil Comptete the questions ond write onswers qbout the text in Exercise 5.
| .Did ... ... Luca 9t99.. . dt home lost Friddg? (stog)
. l\9, ehq didllr, O.he y!p.rL..!9. lke pgtk
2 .. ... ... Sophie ..the fireworks? (like)
Yes, Shc .did

5 ... . .. .. Beth.. . to some people? (tolk)

5 ..... ... . Cosmo ond Bello . ... .... gotothe pork? (go)

t0
 Post simDle. used to

t:,;1fi Write questions. Use the post simple.

I A:t w.\.e!e did th.eg..gp .. ...... . .. ? (where / theg / go)

B: To ltolg, lthink.
2 A . .. .... ? (whot time / gou /
get up / on Sundog)
B: At 10.30.
3 Ar ...... ....... ?(whg/he/leove)
B: Becouse he wos tired.
4 A: ? (when / she / coll/ gou)
B: Lost Tr-resdog.
5 A: .. . ? (where / gou / be / ot eighr)
B: I wos ot home.
5 Al ...
(how mong / tickets / gou / ger)?
B: Two. One for me ond one for mg sister.
7k .... ... ? (whot / Tom / sog)
Br ldon't know. lwosn't there.

f Complete the tobles.

used to

ffi | / You / He / She / lt / We / Theg used to plog tennis.

live here.

W | /You / He / She / lt / We / Theg did

()
not use to plog tennis.

l/gou/he/she/ Yes, did'

itlwe/theg
use to plog tennis?
No,
l/ gou / he / she / itl we 7 th"g

Vvhot did | / gou / he / she / it / we / theg use to plog?

Where live?

t4lll] Reod the informotion.

Use Form
. We use used to to tolk obout post hobits, . In positive sentences, we use used to +
or situotions ond stotes thot were true in infinitive.
the post but ore not true now . In negotive sentences ond questions we
Mg mother used to get up lote on Sundags use didldidn't + useto + infinitive.
when she wos a child. Mg grondod used to live in thot house.
I didn't use to like pizzo vetg much, but now We didn't use to go out verg often. y'
I love it. l4'*Fr+e5e+t+9o-€c+-|€fg'ofeB.

tl
_ itn

,;,: Complete with used to.

I Mg grondmother !99d.!9.!9 ... . o tedcher. (be)
2 Mr Anderson .. .. . .. in o bdnk but now he works in on office. (work)
3 Mg sister milk, but now she drink o gloss everg morning (not / drink)
4 .. o lot when he wos o bobg? ffommg / cr9)
5 When we lived in London, | ... bg bus. (trovel)
5 Whot .. in gour free time, Grondmo? (gou / do)
7 We to the cinemo once o week, but now we don't (9o)
.

8 Kellg comedies, but now she loves them. (not / like)

'ffit Look ot the informotion obout Mrs Hordg ond write sentences with used to.
20 geqrs qgo Now
hove long hoir r' X
listen to rock music r' X
plog chess X /
go to porties t/ X
drive o cor )( r'
get up eorlg X r'
I

2
3
4
5
5

::lttl,,t,
ttt,,ilt,,i Reod, choose ond write. Use used to.
edt fight hunt live M moke move trovel

t2
 eost simpte, usao ffir
r,,,7 Reod ond write. Use the post simple.

What was it like to be a teenager in...

rhe 1960s?
Beth Banks 1 .Lolk?d.... [talk] to ou. head teacher. Mr Bostock:
'When lwas a teenager. in the 196Os, many things were different
Finstof all, we
... [not have] any Mp3 playercl We 3 .. .. [have] big black vjnyl
rccords and we 4 ... lcarfyl them from one house to the other when we
lwant) to lsten to music with ouf friends We were veTV careful wrn
them because they 6 [scratch] easlly and then the sound was horfibrel
There were no computers, no Internet and no e mails in the 1g6os _ we
.... [send] letters by post. l8 ... .. [have] a cousin n Australia and
he sometimes s .. . (wnitel to me. His etters usualiy ro
[anrive] aften h^/o on three weeks!
vve arso ' .. LstJ In tront of the ry at the same tTne, on the same day
every week and 12 [watch) our favourite shows because therc were Jro
vrdeo on DVD recondefs back thenl'.

,f Use the prompts qnd write o biogrophg of Wolt Disneg.

I Wolt Disneg / be / on extroordinorg mon
2 he / hwe / o greot tolent for drowing
3 he / study / drowing ond photogrophg ot the l,lcKinleg High School in Chicqgo
4 Wolt / go / to HollUwood ond soon he / become / successful
5 Rog Disneg, Wolt's brother, / be / his business monoger
6 Wolt / moke / the first cortoon film, Snow White ond the Seven Dworfs, in 1932
7 he / produce I Pinoc.hio, Fontosia, Dumbo ond Bombi ofte. Snow White
I Wolt / build / o huge omusement pork, Disneglond, neor Los Angeles
9 Disneglond/open/ in 1955
l0 Wolt Disneg / die / in Los Angeles in Iqb6

c e0 ecec0ec00fce0cec e0 ccec0c0c0ececc0e 0e ccccce0eece0

WolL Disneg wqs an extaordinorg rnan.

t3
 Post continuous ond post simple

TRUE STORIES
A Friendly Attack
by Bick Grady
one afternoon last sLJmmer, I was playing footbal wth some ffiends at the pa|k wh te
my brothe. was walk ng oua dog. lt was a wafm afternoon, but the sky was fu I of dark
grey clouds. My best fr end, Simon, and I wene playing for the same team. Wh le
Simon was running wth the ball, I fell on top of h m by mistake. He lost the ba L S mon
got really angcy and shouted at me. We were siil arguing about t when it began to
rain very hard. Then thene was a bright flash of lghtning and, a few moments latea, a
loud peal of thunder - t was a thunderstorml I tr ed to run home but mV knee huft
from the fall, so I stood undef a big oak trce to get out of the rcin. I called rny brother
on my mobile to see lf he was 0K. Whie I was taiking on the phone, someone grabbed
me and pulled me away from the tree. I fell on the ground. When I opened my eyes,
Simon was standing over me. 'You idiotl' he ye led. I was shocked. I cou dn't be ieve mV
best friend was still so angry with mel Lt was just a sily football gamel Then another
flash of lightning hit the big oak tfee. When I turned round, I saw o big black patch of
bunned grass night under it.'l was standing iherc only a few moments agol'lsaid. You
idiotl Simon answered. 'Don't you know t s dangerous to stand under a tree or use a
mobile phone in a thunderstorm?'So, now I know that my friend wasn't angry with me.
He just wanted to save my iifel

ll'::

Complete the tobles.

Pqst continuous

ffi l/He/She/lt

ffi
were Progrng.

l/He/She/lt wos not (wosn't) wolk. ....

were not (.......... )

l/he/she/it plog
Yes, l/he/she/itwos.
No, l/ he / she / ...............

Yes, gou / we / theg

gou/we/theg wolking?
No, gou / we / theg weren't.

l/he/she/it qornct,
gou/we/theg

14
 Posl conlinuous ond post simple

i Reod the informotion.

We use the post continuous to tolk obout: . two octions thot were in progress ot the
. dn oction thct wos in progress ot o specific some time in the post. ln this cose, we use
time in the post. whire with the post continuous.
We were having lunch at one o'clock While Be.kg wos watching TV . I wos doing
gesterdog. my nomeworK.
I vrcs sleeping ot half post nine. Dod wos redding his newspoper while fium
wos moking dinner.

Look qt the toble ond write sentences in the post continuous. Then complete
the tqble ond write qbout uou,

At eight o'clock lost night .

Tongo Bitl Rqg qnd Bob Me

do homework x
listen to music x
x
hove dinner x
sleep x x

I Tongo / listen / to music lq4g9 wggp'i l9! 1.119 L;q nqqi9 ... .
2 / do / his homework
Bill
3 Rog ond Bob / wotch / TV
I Tongo/hove/dinner
5 Rog ond Bob / listen / to music
6 Bill / sleep
7 I / do / mg homework
R l/wotch/ry
llii Look, choose qnd complete the sentences.

eot his dinner tolk on the phone wotch TV !:dffi65F plag wosh the cor

Whot were theg doing lost Sundog ot 4 o'clock?

I Luca .rygn.f.qqdllg 9..!qgK
2 Mrs Hordg
3 Peter ond Horrg
4 Mr Hordg
5 Beth ond Bello
5 Cosmo ..

40.

15
a

Wift Look qt the picture in Exercise 4. Then cover it. Ask ond onswer questions.
Lost Sundog ot 4 o'clock ...
I Cosmo / plog / with o tog mouse?
. Wq9 cqging.plggilg w (1.9..lp! n,ou99?... N9, hq. y1/o9t l!. He wqs eaLing his.dinner
2 Lucu / wotch T\n

3 f'lrs Hordg / wosh the cor?

4 Peter ond Horrg / do their homeworl<?

5 Mr Hordg / drink teo?

6 Beth / listen to music?

co^ptet" *ith the pqst continuous.

'{f11111111111111fx

A: I Wefe gqtl. wgfki!,9 ... on gour Historg project ot noon gesterdog? (gou / work)
B:No, 12. ....13 o DVD. (wotch)
A: While gou 1 .. (studg) for gour test, we s reodg
for the portg. (get)
B: I know!
A: 6 ...... tolking to gou? (Suzie / tolk)
B: No.She 7 .... .. . ... (not / tolk) to me, she I .... ! (sing)
A: Where e ? (the bogs / 9o)
B: To the pork, I think.
A: Did Emmo help gou?
B: No! She went out while I lo (tidg) the room!

'$ffi co pt"t" the tobles.

Long qction Short qction

He........... . wotching TV I left.
Theg... .... ....... tolking

Long oction Short oction

1... ....... hwing breokfost,
\Mile we the phone rong.
. ........... . woiting for the bus, it storted to roin.

t6
 Post continuous ond post simpte .l|,j5|

ffi Aeoa the informotion.

We con use the post simple ond post Be coreful! We use:

continuous together, to tolk obout on
oction thot hoppened while onother oction
wcs in progress.
We use the post continuous for the long
oction, the dction thot wos in progress.
We use the post simple for the shorter
oction.
He wos wotching TV when I left.
We often use when before the post simple
(before the shorter oction).
Theg were tolking when I went to bed.
When I got up this morning, it wos rcining.
We con olso use M/htle before the post
continuous (before the longer oction).
While we were woiting for the bus, it storted
to rcin-
The phone rong while I wos having breol,{ost.
when +
post simple: I wos having lunch when
the phone rcng.
while + post continuous: The phone rong
while I was hoving lunch.
Remember!
. When we tolk dbout octions thot
hoppened one ofter the other, we use the
post simple for both octions: Compore:
Igot up ot seven ond had breokfost at etght.
When I got uP, mg brcther wos hdving
bteakfost.
. When we tolk obout octions tho! were in
progress ot the some time, we use the
post continuous for both octions.
Compore:
While I wos listening Io mg new CD. m,
srste/ wos writing on e-moil to her friend.
I was listening to mg new CD when mg sister
come back.

.'il.: iJ' Complete

^ with the post simple or post continuous.
I fim wat.9ltLing... reodg for school when lgot up. (get)
2 Georgio wos hoving o shower when we .. .. out. (go)
3 .. ... when gou left the house this morning? (it / roin)
4 She wos tdlking to Lul<e when Pete .. in. (come)
5 | wos reoding o comic when | . osleep. (foll)
5 When | .. her, she wos doing her homework. (phone)

'ilif'liilt co pl"t" -ith the post simpte or post continuous.

Mike ond Soroh w9l9 watLlll (woit) for us when we gQt . (get) to the cinemo.
2 | ... (get) reodg for bed when I (heor) o stronge
nolse,
3 Mg mum. (live) in London when she (meet) m9
dod.
4 Whot (gou / do) whenI (ring) gou this morningl
5 When | ... (see) them,theg (9o) to the sports
centre,
6 She (moke) c coke for her brother's birthdog when she
(cut) her finger.

t7
(:T

ffit Circle the correct onswer.

. ./'i--"\, ,-
I Wos ir snowing({hg!) while gou wenr !o bed lost night?
2 When / While I wos wolking home, I found f50 in the street.
3 | wosn't sleeping when / while he cdme bocl<.
4 | found gour kegs when / while I wos tidging the living room.
5 Fred phoned when / while Vou were sleeping.
5 We were hoving lunch when / while the fire storted.
7 I sow on occident when / while I wos woiting for the bus this morning.
8 When / While I wolked into the room, Dove wos reoding mg diorg!

tttii't
4 iii:! Complete with the post simple or pqst continuous.
I The ntm qlorlqd ... ... .. (stort) ot eight ond filigl.qd ... ... ... (finish) ot ten.
2 . (gou / studg) when | (coll) gou ldst night?
3 ..
While we (wolk) to school, we (see) Kim ond Amg.
4 He .. ... .... .. ... (get up), ... ... (hove) breokfost ond
(9o) to work.
5 It wos eleven o'clock. l. (hwe) o both ond Pom
(write) on e-moil to her friend.
5 She (close) the door, ... .. (tdl<e ofO her jocl<et ond
.... ... (sit down) on the sofo.
7 | .... ... .... .... .... (lose) mg wotch while | .. ... .. ... ... ....(swim).
8 At 5.30 gesterdog ofternoon, Peter . (do) his homework ond Lucg
..... ... (hove) o French lesson.

',,n Complete with the post simple or pqst continuous.

It wos lote on o Fridog ofternoon ond MrJules | . wo! w9lKtt19 (wolk) home from
work. There wds o big lorrg outside his block of flots. 'Somebodg's moving house , he
. (think).

He 3 .... .... fstond) outside the front door when he 4

(see) two men otthe door. Theg s .
.. .. (corrg) o huge TV. MrJules
6 . . oold) the door open for them, theg 7 ... ... (thonk)
him ond theg I ..... .. .. (cdrrg) the TV to the lorr9.
Then, MrJules
q (go) upstdirs to his flot on the second floor.

While he l0 ... ... (look) for his kegs, he rl (notice)

thot his door wos open.
He 12
. ... .. (remember) the two men with the TV ond he neorlg
... ..... . (foint)!
15
The two men were thieves ond the TV theq (corrg) wos his TV!

t8
 Post continuous ond post simple

tffi Complete tne questions with one word. Then write true onswers.
I Whot ... . gou doing ot ten o'clock lost night?

2 gou worch TV on Sundog ofternoon?

3 Whot . gour best friend doing while gou were hqving lunch gesterdog?

gou sleeping ot six o'clock on Sundog morning?

5 Wos it roining . ..gou got up this morning?

6 Whot time .. ... gou go to bed lost night?

Complete with the post simple or pqst continuous. Then put the porogrophs in
the €orrect order.
l-
Lost Soturdog, Mr Frgt ll9|? (drive) to the centre of the town.
He 2 . ... (pork) his cor ond . (wolk) into o
bookshop.

rl
A police officer 4... ... .... (tell) him: 'While the thief s...
(drive), gour porrot suddenlg 6 . ... . . ... . (shout):
,Stop! police!'.
The mon wos so
scored thot he 7 .. (stop) the cor ond 8 ..... . . (get) out.
A police cor e ..... . (see) him while he lo ..... ... (run) in the
street dnd rr .. . (orrest) him!

l
While he 12
.. .. (pog) for his books o mon with o block mcsk over his heod
13
. ._
...
(get into) Mr Frg's cor ond . .. (drive) owog.
l'lr Frg ls (see) him ond he . (run) ofter him.
Then he 17. ... . . (remember) thot Luckg, his pet porrot wos on the bock
seot. He 18 ... .decide to go to the police stotion. While he
. ... (pog) the toxi driver he 20 ... .. (see) his cor - it
wos in the police cor pork!

t9
t Use your English (Units 1-3)

ffi Complete with the present simple or present continuous.

Norrg .99990'L w9nt. .
to 9o out tonight. (not wont)
Whqt's the mdner? Whg . . ... ? (Bettg / crg)
.. ... .. music? (gou / like)
pop
Let's go home. | ... o good time. (not hdve)
No, thonl<s. | . . ong help. (not need)
We ... . with our grondporents this weekend. (stog)
Whot time . . ... .... work? (gour mum / usuollg / finish)

',i't,ltt What did Beth do on Soturdog? Look ond write sentences in the pqst simple.

1 bug o bir"thdou prese^+forPeler y' :

2 .oll HaftU X l
3 @.lt atlotticLQ,fot T.elLinky' i
4 go to the supen^orket,Y
5 doonlood Lorrq WoLler's neu song y' r
6 lid.| room X I
7 ^t
uosh hq ne0jeons X rl

8 r^e€t Peter ot the stotioh ot six o'clo.k y' I

2
3
4
5
6
7
8

'(f!!tl/ c" pt"t" tne sentences. Use used f,o.

zu
 Complete with the post simple or pqst continuous,
I A: Whot were gou doing (gou / do) when I phglgd (Phone) gou
last nightl
B: I w99 99ttrr!9 (Se| reodg for bed.
2 A:. .. .. (Pete ond Emmo / woit) for gou when gou
(get) there?
B: Yes, theg ... .. . Ben (be) with them, too.
A: lon (breok) his leg while he (plog) footboll.
B: I know. Sorah (tell) me lost night.
A: (€orl / 9o) home when gou (see) him this
morning?
B: No, he. He (rolk) to Emmo - he wos outside
the supermorket.
A: When Mrs Cooper .. (wolk) into the clossroom, the bogs
. . (reod) o comic!
B: Oh no! Whot ... (Mrs Cooper / sog)?
A: Beckg (ring) while | .. (hove) o shower losr night.
B: I know. l. (pick up) the phone, remember?

Complete with one word.

l1 lm really sorry I
2 n't write back last week.
|3 very busyl lt was good to
hear that you a . feeling better
n0wl Nlaybe you can c0me t0 the concert 0n
Friday, then? I've got an extra ticket. I tl Tolk obout hobits ond routines.
I usuollg go to bed ot ten o'clock.
bought it for Jack tuio weeks 5
We don't alwags go out on Soturdogs.
but he can t c0me with us 0ecause he s vefy
busy. He 6 trying to tinisi thal a/ Tolk obout whdt is hoppening now.
project for his Science class. l'm trying to do mg homework!
What 7 you think? Write back Jenng is hoving a shower ot the
soon and let me knowl moment,

Love, Anna r' Tolk obout tempororg situotions.

Mg brother is studging in Spoin this
L
gear.
I m stoging at mg aunt s house fol o
few dogs.
r' Tclk obout the post.
Petet phoned lost night.
We visited Madtid four geors dgo.
a/ Tdlk obout post hobits.
Dod used to toke us to the pork on
5undogs-
I used to plog bdsketboll everg dag.
The blue notebook's mine.

21
 Present perfect (1)

Amazing Msvbl
by Beth Banks
She has cllmbed Mount Everest.
She has drven round the world n her car twcel
She has never woken up later than 6 a.m.
She has been to Afnica and Asia on her motorbike and she has taken hea first fying
esson - a present for her ast b rthday.
Well, which of the two women is Mav s?
Mavis Fletcher is in the photo with her great-gfand-daughter, Alice. Mavis is
l OO years oldl
'l've never been so happy in all my life! These flying lessons have been the best birthday
present of my ifel' says Mavis.

...:i l:r1:i.. ..,.., j -1...ii.i:

Complete the tobles.

ffi l/You/We/Theg

He/She/lt (''
)
climbed
driven
been

ffi
climbed
l/You/We/Theg hcve not ( )
driven
He/She/lt (hosn't) been

l/we/gou/theg Yes, l/ gou / we / theg hove.

No, l/ gou/we/theg
Ftos he/she/it Yes, he/ she / it
No, he / she / it hosn't.

| / gou / we / theg done?

he/she/it

22
 eresent ne*eo lrl .'. .

Reqd the informotion.

Use . We often use the present per{ect with

We use the present perfect to tolk obout:
. things thot hoppened in the recent post
but hove o result in the present.
, ve /ost mg keys. I con't open the door.
. things thot hoppened in the post, without
soging exoctlg when theg hoppened.
Soroh ond Nick have moved to London.
. our experiences, the things we hove or
hove not done in our lives.
She's trovelled oround Eurcpe on her
motorbike.
. We often use eyer ond never with the
present perfect when we tolk obout our
experiences. We use ever in questions.
Hove gou ever seen a shork?
. We use neyer in positive sentences. Be
coreful: neyer hos o negotive meoning but
we use it with positive verbs.
l've never ploged golf.
(= I hoven't pldged golf.)
I+€frcE+-re/€+k*Cglf
superlotives when we tolk obout our
experjences. Studg the exomples below:
This is the wotst film l'ye eyer seenj
Ihdtt the strongest storg I've ever heord!
Form
Remember:
. We use hoye / hos ond the post porticiple
of the verb to form the present pedect.
. The post participles of regulor verbs ore
the some os the post simple forms. We
odd -(e)d to the inlinitive.
climb + climbed
trcvel + travelled
. lrregulor verbs ore different. Theg don't
form the pdst porticiple with €d.
give)gove+given
reod)read+read
drink + dtonk+ drunk

Complete the tqble.

Infinitive Post simple Pqst porti.iple

I drive drove d1ive1
2 send sent
3 9el got
cotch cought
5 €t let
6 be
7 megl met
eot ote
I foll fell
t0
teoch tought
t2 find found
t3 wTote
t4
t5 cos! cosl

23
 ,.'rrtt!!IL[t[ILrI-

4
Complete with the present perfect.
Peter, Lucg ond Beth ore orgonising o surprise portg for Horrg's birthdog. Are theg reodg?
I Beth b lgq9hf ttre tood ond drinks. (bug)
2 Horrg . .. out oll the invitotions. (send)
3 He some €Ds for the pong. rbringi
4 But he the sound sgstem. (not check)
5 LucA ond Beth the living room. (not / decorote)
5 And theg up the bolloons. (not / blow)
7 l'4rs Hordg the coke. (moke)
8 Luca .. o video comero from Sophie. (borrow)

Look, qsl< qnd onswer.

E=
l-l l,- J
r=
l-lr---l

Beth/ breok / her sunglosses?

Hql..89!, btgker|. ler sunglosses ? I99,9h9 hq9
she/bug/onewCD?

3 she / drinl< / her lemonodei

4 she / eot / her sondwich?

5 she/write/o letter?

5 she / post / the letteri

7 she / do / well in her Moths test?

8 she / finish / her homework?

24
 eresentcertea 1't1 ffi'
,;fr' Use the present perfect to write questions. Then motch the questions to the
onswers.
I Where / gou / put / mg cor kegs? o Four glosses!
WreJ.e ,ove .ggu put rng car kegs?

2 Whot / mum / cook / for dinner? b Outside the hotel.

3 How much / oronge juice / gou / drink? c On the kitchen toble.

4 Where / he / pork / the cor? d Twelve.

5 Whot / gou / bug / for Lee's birthdog? e Pizzo, I think.

5 How mong / photos i gou / downlood? f A CD.

tt'lili Reod the informotion.

hove been to q,nd hove gone to

Be coreful: hove gone to ond hoye been to ore different. Studg the exomples below.
He's been to the citg centre. (He is bock now.)
He s gne to the citg centre. (He's still there.)

Peter ond Hdftg hove been to the sports centre. (fheg ore bock now.)
Peter ond Horrg have gone to the sports centfe.
Cfheg're still there.)

ffi Circle the correct onswer,

I We'v/56Ei"l gone to New York mong times. lt's o beoutiful citg.
2 Mike isn't here ot the moment. He's been / gone to the pork.
3 Theg've been / gone to ltalg. I think theg're in Fronce now.
4 Ello wos verg tired. She's been / gone to bed.
5 I've been / gone to the shops. Here, this is for gou.
5 We're olone. Our porents hcve been / gone to the theotre.
7 We've been / gone to thot new Chinese restouront. lt's verg good.
8 No, mum isn't ot work. She's been / qone to the supermorket.

25
 I t!]lt I tlullll4 0llulil htI ulm
,1,'4

i:ii Reod qnd complete.

$
.,-*.&..*i
Beth: Whot ore gou writing? Whot is this list?
Lucg: These ore the things | | hav! dgle (do) in mg life!
Beth: And whot is on the other list?
Lucg: Theg're the things 2
(not do) in mg life! | 3
(not finish) this list. Ang ideds?
Beth: Let's see. 4 (gou / ever see) the Stdtue of Libeftg, in New York?
Lucg: Well, l5 ... (see) photos but | 6 .... ... .. (never oe; to
New York.
Beth: (gou / ever flg) in o hot oir bolloon?
Lucg: No, le .. .. . . Heg, thot's o fontostic ideol l'll write it down.
Beth: (gou / ever see) the eorth from spoce?
Lucg: No, I l0 . Thot's number one on mg list. Let's do it together one dog!
Beth: Brilliont ideo!

.l; Complete with eyer qnd the present perfect.

This is tf.q lp.t199sL.9. t.tloil t.'W .ev!:l..,rl.riLt4n ... (longest e_moit / | / write)
This is (best book / I / reod)
Thot's .. . (most boring storg / | / heor)
flike is (funniest person / | / meet)
Conodd is . (most beoutiful countrg / we / visit)
This is .. (best meol / | / hove)
Thot's . (worst photo / l/see)
This is (fostest cor / he / drive)

i,1," neqa the informotion.

Present perfect or post simple?

. We use the present perfect to tolk obout We visited the Eiffel fowet gestedog.
our experiences (often with ever ond We went to Poris lost geor-
nevef), when the exoct time is not
Compore:
impo11ont.
A: Hove gou ever been to Canoda?
I've visited the Effil Tower.
B: Yes, I hove.
We've never been to Paris.
A: When did gou go there?
. We use the pdst simple when we tolk
B: I went there in 2007.
obout post octions thot hoppened ot o
specific time.
26
 eresent perrect 1'ty ffi'
l1l Complete with the present perfect or post simple.
a, I Hou! !9.q .t9{ (gou / meet) Luke's sisterl
B; Yes. l2 .. (meet) her ot Eric's portg lost Soturdog.
A: l3 . (never / trg) l.4exicon food.
B: Reollgl k s fontostic! Mg fother 4 (toke) us to o Mexicon restouront lost week. I loved it!
A: s {gou / ever / be) to Eggp!?
Bl No, l5 .. Hove gou?
A: Yes. I 7 ... .. (go) there in 2005.
A: We 8 .... ... (see) o pondo ot the zoo
lost week. Theg're so cute!
B: Yes, theg ore. lq. . (never/ see) o pondo.
But I J0 .. (see) o kongoroo ond o koolo
beor in Austrdlio lost geor.

li Reqd ond complete with the correct form of the present perfect,

$e0 ecc0ce00e000cc0c cccc0c0 ['c00ec 00cee000cf c0c0e0cce0cc00

Who is Lhe masL omdzing person lou have ever meL?

Mg consr'n lvlichoel is the most omo{ing person l t hgvp. qvel me!. ... ... (ever meet)!He's srill
-
goung he's onlg 2E geors ald- buL he 2 .... (do) dmdzing tiirgs in his lite,
o9l Aichoel loves odventure! He 3 . .... (trovet) raund El,lrope an his bLKe and he
4 (risir) mong pafts af Africa. He '
\naL ga) to Chino hrt he is plonning Lo go Lhere next gear and he 6
(promise) to toke ne with himl

Where is Aichoel at lhe moment? He 7 . . .. G") t, Peru witk his ddd! | hope
he Vings bock laLs of phatDs.
LucA Hdrdg

.,:l Reqd the list. Put q tick (r/) next to the things gou hove done ond o cross (X)
next to the things gou hqven't done. Then write sentences.

go to a wedding climb Mounl Everest

make a snowman win the lottery
sleep at a friend's house play tbotball
tly a kite meet a famous person
go to the North Pole play a computer game
read an English book see a real snake

Things I hove done Things I hoven't done

.t hqy! h99n t9 9..'t!?.44!r)g .l haygrt'L w?.n thq loLLgyg .

27
I

Present perfect (2)

Beth: Whot obout 'The Secfet'?

Perer: ldon't believe it! Horrg ond I hove
just seen thot, too! Right, Horrg?
Let's wotch Horrg: Yes, we got the some DVD from the
'The Last Man'
shop gesterdog!
I hoven't seen
o good oction
Beth: Well, gou've olreodg seen both
film for oges! DVDS! Whot shdll we do now?
But I've olreodg
Fereir We could wdtch the footboll morcn
seen thot filml I
sow rt ot the on TV!
cinemo lost winter! Beth: No, we won't! There's o romontic
comedg on TV. Or hove gou seen
that, too?
P;:i.:r No wog! I hoven't wotched o
romontic comedg since I wos five
geors oro.
Horrg: Well, I like romontic comedies ond
the footboll motch hqsn't storted
get...
Beth: Thonk Horrg! You're o pol!
i's,ier Horrg! Oh, no!

lit lil Complete the toble.

ffi
ffi
Beth hos just come bock.
He.....

We've.
. iust phoned.
I've olreodg seen this film.
.. done our homework.

The footboll motch... ...... ....n't storted get.

ffi
ffi
ffi
Theg hwen't left .. .. .. . .
... ..... ... she come bock get?
Hove theg gone home .... .... .. ..?

Howlong ...... ....... he been in his room?

ffi
How. . .... .... hove theg lived here?
Beth hosnt seen o good oction film for oges.

ffi
Theg .... .. n't colled for dogs.

She's been o doctor since 2003.

We hoven't seen them ... .. Mondog.

28
 Present perfecl (2)

Reod the informotion.

iust, dlreqdg, get

. We often use the present perfect with
just, olrcodg ond get, when we tolk obout
Tecent octions,
. We usejust dnd dteddg in positive
sentences. Theg come ofter hove/hos ond
before the moin verb.
I've just finished mg Science project.
I ve oheodg tidied mg rcom.
. We use get in negotive sentences ond
questions. Yet comes ot the end of the
sentence or question.
Peter hasn't phoned get.
Hove gou told Tim obout the partg get?
for, since
. We con use the present perfect to tolk
obout things thot stdrted in the post ond
continue in the presenr. We often use it
with for dnd since.
Mrs Benning hos been o teochet for eleven
gedrs. (She is still o reocher.)
Theg've lived hete since 2005. (Theg still
live here.)
. We use for (+ o period of time) to sog
how long something hos continued.
Ive known Alex for six months.
She's been here for o week.
. We use sirce (+ o point in time) to sog
when something storted.
I veknouln Alex since June.
She's been here since Mondog.
How long ,.. ?
We use how /on9 in questions, to osk when
something stofted.
How long hove gou known AlexJ
How long hos she been here?

Circle the correct onswer,

7. ..
/,.t::..

I Peter's olreodg / get seen fhe Secret.

2 Hove gou e-moiled Mott get / just?
3 Oh nol I've olreodg / just brol<en mg brother's fovourite CDI
4 Tong dnd Pom ore still ot the librorg. Theg hdven't come bock get / just.
5 We're not hungrg. We've olreodg / get hod lunch.
6 I hoven't reod this book. I've olreodg / just bought it.
7 Eric's wdtching o DVD. He hosn't gone to bed olreodg / get.
8 I've olreodg / get done the woshing-up.

29
t-

w,ifli Write sentences. Use fust ond the present perfect.

A: Where's Tess?
g: Sf.e'siqll let! ... ... ..... ... . (she / reqve)
Al . (l / bug / o new computer)
B! Reollg? Cdn I see it?
A,: .. ... . \Dove ond Beckg / move / to Brighton)
B: I know. Ben told me lost night.
Ai (l / tell/ Kim / obout the picnic)
B: Good. ls she coming?
5 A: Would gou like o biscuit?
B: No, thonks. ... (l/hwe/one)
6 A: (we / come bock / from our holidog)
B: Did gou hove o good time?
t4Nfl Horrg's verg busg todog. Look ot his list qnd write sentences, Use olreodg or get
ond the present perfect,

tid,u mu room y'

7 .!{g a-pre!e41Jo-!:.Uqh6 !!4!@ x -
3 debl\e 99!9ry !
I ooter the Dtonts y'
5 phonzPeter X
5 do the shoDolno y' I
7 k rit€ the report for TeenUnk X ii
!4lash Dod's corl-.- I
'

I .1,9'9..q.tpods Li4!9.4. n i9.p.qn. .

2 .Hp holnl!..lpg\\!.g.p.r9?9rl.l9l.r!9 rq!.n' 9.billfdqs s9L
3
4
5
6
7
8
,t[ii:!ttt
Compfete with for or since,
We've lived in this house..9inqq . ..2005.
I

2 Theg've lived here ...

... rhree geors.
We hwen't seen Jon . . ... dogs.
4 I hoven't seen Kellg ... Fridog.
5 We've hod our cor.. ..... .... three months.
6 I've hod this bike ... ...
.. October.
7 Jenng's been in ltolg lcst week.
8 Theg've been in l4odrid ... ...
... o week.
30
 Prcsent perfect (2)

'il! Choose ond complete.

olreodg (x2) just get for since how long (x2)

I 1'r" glleodg. seen this film. I don,t wont to see it ogqin.

2 . .. hove gou l<nown Kote?
3 Zoe ond I hove been best friends .
I hoven't tidied mg room .
5 Croig ond Noncg hove been morried November.
6 Ouch! l've burnt mg hond!
7 I'm not hungrg - I've .. hod three sondwiches. One for breokfost ond two tor lunch.
I ... . hos gour cousin worked in this office?

i Put the words in the correct order.

lec thejr troin / get / orrived / hosn't
Tr?.il ho,t't qllivd.ggt
tloin ho91't
t.r?.tl Ll9:n gylivgd .g.e,l ....
since / Som / hosn't / Mondog / phoned

3 Trevor/ home/ gone/ hos/ olreodg

4 forl roined/ months/ itl hosn't

5 Kothg / osleep / been / hos / how longl

5 gou / get / to the shops / been / hover

7 Mork / come bocl< / Irom Fronce / just / hos

8 breokfost / we / get / hod / hoven't

li Reod ttre informotion.

Present perfect ond post simple

Present perfeat Post sirnple
We use the present perfect to tdlk oDou!: We use the post simple to tolk obout:
. things thot hoppened in the recent post, . things thot hoppened ot o specific time in
without soging exoctlg when theg the past.
hoppened. He left five minutes ogo.
Het /eft. . things thot storted ond finished in the post.
. things thot storted in the post ond We lived in London two geors ogo.
continue in the present. (We don't live in London now.)
We've lived in London for two georc.
(We still live in London.)

3l
 t t illlul ullNfl Nt frllullmum

Compfete with two weeks qgo ar for o week.

Julio bought o new computer iWP !99k9.999. . .. .. .. .

2 Jim hosn t phoned

3 Peter ond lrene left for Germong .

Mg brother's been ill

5 I hoven t seen Georgro .

6 Our cousins come bock from Poris

,|i{it Complete with the present perfect or post simple,

I lydrid has brok?r! her leg. She b.lgkq it tlvo
dogs ogo. (breok)
2 1.... ....... .. mg sunglosses. L.. ... ... .. them ldst
week. (lose)
3 Mr ond Mrs Hick ... .... ... their house. Theg
..... ..... . itinApril. (sell)
Theg're on holidog.Theg to Jopon. Theg
... .. to Jopon lost geor, too. (go)
5 | . ... .. ..... ... . . mg homework. | .. . it this
morning. (do)
6 We . .... .. .. the tickets for the concert.
We .... .... them on Fridog. (bug)

titiill Reod ond complete. Use the post simple or the present perfect.
Did gou know?
Some things we didn't know qbout our friends!
Beth | ... hgq ap29,or9!, ... .. (oppeor) on TV. She 2
(oct) in o TV seriol when she 3 . ... .. .. ... (be) four. She
onlg 4 (dppedr) for ten seconds dnd she
. . . (not speok) ot oll!
Horrg 6 ... . (trovel) to Fronce, ltolg ond Spoin bg cor ond b9
troin but he 7 (never flg) in o plone!

Peter I (be) incrediblg luckg in his lifel For exomple, he

(lose) his wotch when he lo
(9o)ono picnic with his closs. He ".. .... . .. ....(find)ito geor loter
when theg t2 (go) for onother picnic ot the some ploce.

Lucg 13 (pdint) her mum's portroit when she

... .. ... (be) four. She ls .. . .. . (point) one
hundred portrdits since then.

32
 Present perfect (2)

Complete with one word,

-ucg: Hi, Chrisrino!
:irlstinq: Hi, LucA! r H9fe .. gou finished gour homework?
I've 2
-L c9: done mg Moths but I hoven't
studied for the Historg quiz 3
lhrtstino: I hoven't 4 ongthing get. lwos out oll
ofternoon. I've 5 .. . come bock from the
dentist's. I heord the phone ring os I opened the
front doorl
-ucg: Whg 6 .. gou go to the dentist?
l'r'stiDq: I 7 ... hod terrible toothoche I
gesterdog ofternoon. One of mg bdck teeth is reollg
bod. Actuollg, the lost time I e to the dentist wos njne months ogo. He soid we
should oll go everg six months.
-Jc!: Oh deor, I hoven't been to the dentist l0 .. o georl
lrr srinc: You con come with me tomorrow. Ineed someone to hold mg hond!
-ucgt OK.

Reod the notes below ond write on orticle obout Keiro Knightleg.
I Keiro / plog / her first role on TV/ when / she / be / seven geors old.
2 In 200 | / she / leorn / how to plog footboll for her role in the film
Bend it like Beckhom.
3 She/plog/footboll brittiontlg inthefitm.
4 She / become / world fomous in 2003 for her role os Elisobeth Swonn
in Pirotes of the Coribbean: The Curse of the Block peorl .
5 She / toke / port in mong fllms since 2003.
5 She / olreodg / oppeor on the cover of vorious mogozines.
7 She / not move / to Hollgwood get.
8 She / iust / finish / filming her lost film.

0c0c0cc0eccf c00cccc 0cccccccc0ccc0ccccec0c0ccccccc0c

&lebrtig ofifu rnonth!
Keiro ptoged herirst role oh TV ohenshe ocs seueh qeors old,
 Pqst perfect

Beth: Whg? Whot hoppened? Nol she didn't. She took oges to get
il,:r|rr There were some people from TV ot reodg! When she orrived, theg hod
the porl<, gesterdog. Theg were finished ond evergbodg hod gone
filming some scenes wth Rgon Cosh, home:
Lucg's fovourite soop stor. Lucg: I hdd put on mg best ieons!
. Lucg wos ot home. I knew she I hod colled oll mg friends!
wonted on outogroph, so I cdlled her I hod token mg comero!
ond told her to come quicklg. Beth: Poor Lucg!
Beth: Well, did she get the outogroph?

90ne.
l/You / He/ She / lt /We / Theg hod
finished.
(d)
coll

gone.
| / You / He / She / lt/ We /Theg not^,,
(hodn't)
colled.

',. :. , ..
: :r:
Yes, l/gou/he/she/itl
gone?
we / theg ... . .

Hod | / gou / he / she / it / we / theg finish

No, | / gou / he / she/ itl we/
colled?
theg / hodn't.

34 ) Look ot the spelling rules on poge 140.

 Post perfect

Reqd the informqtion.

Use
. We use the post perfect to tolk obout something thot hoppened before o certoin
time in
the post.
The portg had finished bg 10.00.
Theg hod teftbg 10.30.
. We often use the post perfect with the post simple to tolk obout two octions thot
hoppened ot different times in the post. We use the post perfect for the oction
tho!
hoppened lirst, ond the post simple for the oction thot hoppened loter.

PAST NOW
f--------------------.
r
rhegteft.
; --------*----F.----------'------1
I

Theg hod left bg the time we <,rrived.

Bg the time we qrrived, theU hqd left.

Tirne morkers
. We often use these time expressions with the post perfect:
bg I hod finished my homewotk bg noon.
otreoog I hod abeodg finished mg homework when Mott phoned.
ofter Matt phoned ofter I hod finished mg homewotk
_/ust I hod just finished ng homewotk when Mdtt phoned.
When we use the post per{ect wjth the post simple, we use these time expressrons
with
the post simple:
when When Matt phoned, I hod fnished mg homework.
bg the time Bg the time Matt phoned, I hod finished mg homework.
before I hod finished mg homework beforc Mdtt phoned.

' Complete with the post perfect.

I When Lucg orrived ot the pork, Rgon Cosh. hqd l9.fL .... .. . (leove)
2 lt.. ... roining, so we didn,t go out. (not stop)
3 | phoned Corl ot six but he . . out. (9o)
4 | didn't know the bog's nome becouse L.. him before. (not meet)
5 Aunt Agotho .. . her glosses, so she couldn't wotch TV. (not bring)
6 The gome . bg I t.30. (finish)
7 Ben wellthe night before, so he wos verg tired. (not sleep)
I Peter wos ongrg becouse Lucg his CD. (toke)
lii]:llt ,itt qnswer. Spike is Rocco's qssistont. His iob is to hdve evergthing reqdg
""ascenes theg film in the seriql. He hod o lot to do for the scene theg
for the
filmed in the Pork gesterdog. Look ot the picture. Whot hod he done bg
| | o'clock?
l
I pl94!p!o.c99-:jr!1lo n.1B tq9ltr s r'
2 49llo,--9t!{
3 cleon Rocco's shoes y'
urashthe cor ,x
5 iroh Rocco's shirt ,x
5 go to the superrnorket r/

'[iJ1, Wni.n qction hoppened first? Tick the correct sentence.

I Their lroin hod lefc bg the time we got (o the stotion.
-l
Their troin left. I We got to the stotion
2 M9 sister come bocl< ofter l'd gone to bed.
l'1U sister come bock. tl I went to bed. n
3 After we'd cledned the house, we went for o wolk in the pork.
We cleoned the house. l We went for o wolk in the pork.
When I got up this mornrng, Ken hdd alreodg hod breokfost.
Igot up. Ken hod breokfost. n
I hod met Kote's brother before he come to our school.
I met Kote s brother. Fie come lo our scnool,
6 We did the wdshing-up ofter oll the guests hdd left
We did the woshrng up. Tha."a<r< lafr

,t'i Complete with the post perfect or post simple.

Bg the time we w9!4 19o1 home, we .1.t9d.9P9!t (spend) oll

ouT mone9-
2 Theg (jusr / move) into this house when we
(meet) them.
3 L.. (just / finish) mU Proiect when the Phone (nng)'
\ Horrg (hove) o shower dfter he (wosh) his dod's
coT.
lonlg .. (find) mg pen ofter | .. (buC) o new one'
Bg the time Chrissie .. . (get) to the cinemd, the film
. (olreodg / stoft).
We . . (olreodg / hove) lunch when Penng (orrive)
| .. .. (lock) the door before | (leove) the house'

.to
 Post perfect

Answer the questions obout gou.

I Whotiod gou leorned ro do bg the time gou were six geors old?
6b.the tine I i/os sir geors Dtd I had teofied now ta r;de o
Whot hod olreodg hoppened when gou orrived ot school todog?

3 Whot hod hoppened bg the time gou finished gour homework gesterdog?

Whot hod gour mum olreodg done when gou got up lost Soturdog?

5 Whot hod gou done be{ore gou went to bed lost night?

6 Whot hod gou done before gou went on holidog lost summer?

,oin the sentences ond write qbout Lucg's dog. Use the post perfect simple ond
the post simple.
I got up lote. She forgot to set the olorm clock. (becouse)
She
2 She didn't hove o cleon T-shirt to weor. Her Mum put oll her T-shirts in the wosh. (becouse)
3 She orrived ot the bus stop. The school bus left. (when)
4 She didn't do well. She didn't studg for it. (becouse)
5 Lucg put the phone down. The soop opero finished. (bg the time)
5 She woke up. The kitchen filled with smoke. (when)
7 She colled the fire brigode. She remembered the toost. (when)

Lucg hod on owful dog gesterdog. Things storted to go wrong eorlg in the morning. First of oll,
| ?h9 gqL.qp latg becaqp p.9 hc.d f9r.g9l!9t ta ?.9t Lhg..otqlm ct99k.lh9light betg.rl

.. , so Lucg hod to woll<.

Then it wos time for the Geogrophg test. Lucg hod forgotten oll obout it!
. Lucg's fovourite soop
opero wos on TV ot 5 o'clock. At 4.55, Chrisrino, her best friend colled. She wonted some help
with o l'loths exercise
r9). Loter in the evening, she decided to moke some toost. She put the breod in the tooster ond she
to s t on the sol" tl'lJil"."l;
ds
:vent :" :n" l*
"":
"n
she wos veru
llred
cno
:n" ,. ,n" 0n""".
. There wos no tire - iust
o slice of burnt toostl

,.

37
 Use your English (Units 4-6)

,,, Complete with the present perfect.

I A: fig.v.e 99! p9el. (gou / ever / be) to Milon?
eY(I.
B: No. But | . . (be) to Florence mony times. lt's o beoutiful citg.
2 A: Where (mum / put) mg MP3 ploger?
B: lt's over there - on the desk.
3 A: | (cleon) mg room. Con l9o now?
B: No, gou con't. You . (not finish) gour homework!
4 A: How mong book .. .. . Cfo- Brown / write)?
B: One - Dorng! song. lt's the best book L (ever / reod).
5 Ar Mg brother (never / trg) l'lexicon food.
B: Reollg? ... . . ... .. (he / ever / eot) Chinese food?
5 Ar We . ... (moke) the sondwiches.
B: Good. (gou / bug) the drinks?

I Whot hove theg done todog? Look ond write sentences using the present
perfect qnd the words in brqckets.
do homework hove lunch tidg room check e-mqils finish school proiect
Peterr'XXr'/
Horrg )( r/ X r/ X
BethXXr'Xr'
LucuondSophie r' r' r' X X

Peter / do his homework (just) 5 Peter / tidg his room (get)

PeLer's jusL done hb hanewark
Horrg / check his e-moils (olreodg) 5 Beth / finish her school project (just)

3 Beth / do her homework (get) 7 LucA ond Sophie / check their

e-moils (get)
4 LucA ond Sophie / hdve lunch (olreodg)

,i Compfete with for or since.

I A: I've computer glllce 2005.
hod this B: You should get o new one!
2 A: You've been in there... ... ... hours! Hurrg up! B: OK! I'm reodgl
3 A: I hdven't seen Mike . ... .Tuesdqg. B: Reollg? I sow him todog.
4 A: We've lived in this house geors. B: When did gou move herel
5 A: How long hove gou known Bob? Br Morch.
5 A: Katie hosn't phoned... .. .. weeks. ls she OK? B: Yes, she's fine.
7 A: M9 brother hos been in ltolg . . .lost week. B: When is he coming bock?
8 A: Theg've been best friends ... .. 45 geors! B: Wow! Thot's omozing!

38
 Choose the correct onswer.

Hi Beh

We'fe houihq ofohlostic tihle here in Ve6ice!We

hereJor six dogs. We 2 Rorne
on Tuesdog. We'ue I to ollthe hrus€qhs ono
ort golleries. Yesterddv oe 4 Soiht Mork,s
Cothedrot. lt rdos beoutiful- ohd huqe!Mu|1l hos beenstck
5 lost lhrrrsdoq, so she 6 t,ith
tus Uesterdoq. She stoved ot the hotel.

I
7 o r,reo coftero - lrn qoihq to toke tots of
photos dhd shor, thehl to gou u.rhen ure get bock!

Liso

I o were b hove been c nos oeen

2 o left b hove left c hos left
3 owent bgone c been
4 o visited b hove visited c hos visited
5 ofor bsince
5 o didn't come b hosn't come c hoven,t come
ct
7 o bought just b just hove bought c hove just bought

Complete with the post perfect or pqst simple.

I Mg sister lrgd otreqd| lDne (olreodg /
9o) to bed when Mott
phglgd . lphone;
2 | (go) to the pork ofter | (do) m9 homework.
3 Bg the time we .. (get) to the storion, the troin . (leove)
We ... / finish) our lunch when the phone
(just . (ring)
5 .
Theg (olreodg / hove) breokfost when we . . (get up)
6 John .. (leorn) how to reod ond write bg the time he (be) five.
7 Theg (ust / come) to our school when we (meet) them.
I The police ... (orrive) ofter the two men . (escope)

Tolk obout experiences.

We've been to the USA.
l've never ridden a horse.
Tolk obout things thot hoppened in the post ond hove o result in the present.
Ive woshed the cot. ft's cleon.
He's broken his arm. He.on'tplag footba .
Tolk obout things thot storted in the post ond continue in the present.
Mrs Allan hos been o teacher for twentg-five gears.
I've known Annie since 2006.
r/ Tolk obout two or more octions thot hoppened ot different times in the post.
I hod turned off mg computer before I left the room.
Theg hod gone home bg the time we orrived.
 lt ! fr ,q s""

The future
Becouse I promised to
help Dod in the gorden
ond I don't wont to
now. I don't thinl< we'll
go out in the rdin!

a
--4

Peter, Lucgl I hove to go now. I'm meeting

gour mum in town ot 3 o'clock. Con gou
pleose finish tidging the goroge for me7

Complete the tobles.

'l,li,'!fl
Be going to

ffi I

He/She/lt
wotch o DVD.

W He/She/lt

Yes, I om.
No, l'm..... . ...
Yes, we / gou / theg ore.
we / gou / theg going to wotch o DVD?
No, we / gou / they ...
Yes, he / she / it
ls he/she/it
40 No, he / she / it isn't.
 The future

witl

ffiffi l/He/she/rtlwe /You / Theg will ('ll)

| / He/she/ tt/we/you /Theg not (won't)
W

| | he I she I tt I we / gou /theg go out? Yes, l/ he / she / it / we / gou / theg wi .

No, | / he / she/ t/we / gou / rheg....

b. For the present continuous, see Unit I

ffi Aeoa the informotion.

Be going to wi
We use be goirg tol
. to moke o prediction, when something in . to sog whot we think, guess or know will
the presenr rells us thot something is going hoppen in the future. We often use it wlln
to hoppen in the future. I thinK I hope or l'm swe.
Huffg up! Weie late! Weie going to miss I'm surc goull enjog the poftg.
the bus! . when we decide to do something, ot the
. to tolk obout our plons ond intentions for moment we decide to do it.
the future. Look. There's Hatg. I'll go ond sog'hello'.
.
;i,
0u
l'm going to bug o new computer nert
month.
when we promise to do something.
I'll be bock ot eigftt, Mum. I prcmise!

'i) Present contihuous

We con use the Dresent contiduous to tolk
. when we olfer to help somebodg.
I1l caftV those bogs fot gou'
obout the future, We use it to tolk obout Time expressions
things we hove plonned ond orronged to do We often use these time expressions when
in the future. we tolk obout the future:
We'rc leoving fot Spoin tomorrow. todog, tonight, tomorow, nert Mondog I week I
geor, this week I geor, in Moglthe summer I
2030, on Fridag.

ffiffi Complete with wilt or won't.

I Here, drink this. .!.qu'll .te.91.. ... . .... befter. (gou / feet)
2 ... . .... . ... ongbodg ot the portg! | don't wont to gol (l / not know)
3 ...... .... ... ... mg present ? Whot do gou think? (Amg / like)
4 Borcelono is o beoutiful citg. I'm sure .. . (gou / hove) o fontosric timel
5 ... ..... ..... .. .. gou use his computer. Whg don't gou osk Liso? (Horrg / not let)
6 lhope. ... ..(ourteom/win)

41
 ' Choose ond complete, Use ,'lL

osk be 4ef not tell open phone

I A: l've got o terrible heodoche!
gtl'!! se!. gou some ospr.n.
2 A: Hove gou phoned Peter get?
B: Oh no! | forgot! him now.
3 A: Don r worrg. verg coreful with gour comero.
Br OK.
A: Con Dove help us?
B: I don't know. him.
A: lt's verg hot in here.
B: the window.
A: Pleose don't tellludg obout this. She'll be verg ongrg.
B: I ongbodg. Don't worrg.

Whot's going to hoppen? Look, choose ond complete, Vse be going to.

!6 hove knock lond toke turn

lL's going to be o lovelg dog. 2 She .. .. .. onthedoor.

He .. .. .. right. 4 She o bobg.

5 The plone 5 She .. .. .... .ophoto.

42
 m"nur""i11,
ir Compfete with be going to.
I Kellg !!. S9i!9 L9 hovg ... . o portg for her birthdog. (hove)
2 flike ond Soroh ... with us. (not come)
3 When gour room? (gou / tidg)
4 Mr ond Mrs Allon ..... . to Conddo. (move)
5 ... ... his cor? (gour brother / sell)
6 | Ben mg comero. (not lend)
7 We .. . . dt home on Sundog. (stog)
8 | .. Anno obout the portg. (not tell)

: Compf ete with will or going to.

I A: We hoven't got ong milk.
B: neottgl l1{l 991 .. some from the supermorket. (get)
2A This computer's reollg slow!
B: I know. I o new one hexr month. (bug)
3 A: I con't do this exercise.
B: Don't worrg. | ... .. . gou. (help)
4 A: Mott ond Kote .. . us in September. (visit)
B: l'4ott ond Kote? Reollg? Thot's greot!
5 A l'm sure gou . beoutiful jn thot dress. (look)
B: Thonks!
6 A:. .. the motch tonight? (gou / wotch)
B: No, of course not! | hote footbolll

i Complete with the present continuous.

Hcrrg: Heg, Beth, | .{9. Aq.q..g9tt19 ... (gou / do) ongthing tomorrow morning?
Beth: Hmm ... Whg ore gou osking?
Hcrrg: We 2. (go) on o picnic. Do gou wont to come with us?
Beth: Thdnk, but I con't. l'm verg busg tomorrow. | 3 ... .. (meet) Angelo
ot the librorg ot | 1.00. We've got o Historg project for Mondog.
Hof.LJ Oh. Well,gou con join us ldter.
Beth: lcon't. After h-rnch l4 . (help) mg mum with the housework. Mg
uncle Bob . ..
s (come) to see us. He olwags visits us on Sundogs.
Horrq: Right. Beth, gour uncle 6.... .. . .... .. (not come) tomorrow.
Beth: Whot? Whg not?
Horfg: Becouse tomorrow is Soturdog, not Sundog!And gou 7 ... ..... €o) on
o picnic with gour friends!
43
7
ri' Compf ete with witl or the Present continuous'

Ed,
Auht Jessicol is cg|nil! .. ... (come) roundJorteothis ofternoott.

Be bockJromthe sports centre bg 4'OO! (Dod 00ilt be here, too.)

Jon cotled. He 2 .. (h€tp) his Jother in the shop todo!, so he codt cohe
t,Jlth qou.

Don't forqet: Tohi ohd Lee

3 . . (toke) us outto dihhertohighl'
We a .... .. (qo) to Chez pierre's. B€ reodq ot 200.

Vou to oosh the cor.

dohl houe l5 . (do) ittomorrora' (ButJinish gour
Sciehce project!)

|
6 . (be) bock ot 6.30.

Mumxxx
es.t7 (cott) gouJrom uork.

Complete with one word.

A: I Ar9. gou going to Jeon's portg tonight?
B: No, I'm 2 ..I I .. stoging ot home. Fred
4 coming round loter' We 5 going to wotch o DVD.

A: George 6 be here soon. Are Uou reodg?

B: Yes. I 7 just get mg coot. Hove Uou got the comerol
A: Oh! No. 'll 9o ond get it now.

A: Kim ond l9. going to the cinemo tomorrow. Would gou like to come, too?
B: Thonks! I'd love to.
A: GreotlWe lo coll gou tomorrow, then.

i r'lr Choose the correct onswer,

I We lfg gging .. to the theotre on Soturdog. Dod's olreodg bought the tickets'
o'll 9o b 're going c won't 90
2 | con't reod the menu. I hoven't got mg glosses with me
Don't worrg, gron. .. . it out for gou!
o 'm reoding b'm going to reod c l'll reod
3 Oh, no. lt's roining ond he hosn't got on umbrello with him He '
o 's going to get wet b get wet c 'll get wet.
4 We .. our friends in Austrolio next summer'
o ore going to b 'll visit c visiting
5 I con't come with tlou now. I Penng ot the cinemo in holf on hour.
d 'll meet b going to meet c'm meeting
5 Con I go to Alon's hoLlse this ofternoon? Pleose, Mum! I promise I
o 'm going to be b won t be c wont to be
You've got three sondwiches on gour Plote them oll?
d Will gou eat b Are gou edting c Are gou going to eot
We need some eqqs for breokfost to the supermorket ond get some
o 'll go b'm going c 'm going to go
q4
 The fulure (,r
' Complete with wi , (be) going to or the present continuous.

Liz Stanfield: Our very own championl

by Leslie Banks
We all know her face. \ /e see her at school eveny day, and
in a few days t w9'r9 ggilg Lg 999 [see] her on rhe
tennLs court. Lz has won the Cup twicel Now she's gettng
ready to win her thifd Cup.
Leslie: What do you th nk about the Lizr One dayl6
game nefc week? (openl a tennis schoo and I
Lizt | 2 (tra nl ... ... .. lgive]
ve.y haad and I free lessons to children with real
.. .. . ldol my ta ent from poor fam les.
best on the day of the game. Leslie: What are your plans for this

lyou ,/ continue] your

caneer as a Liz: I B .. ..
). tennis p ayer after school? [spend] two weeks with my
Lizt Yes, I am. 5 . . parents n Spain. haven't had a
rcf,,.l-l q^nrfc q.ion-a ar holday for nearly two yearsl
un veTSlEy, Eoo.
Leslie: What are youc plans for the
future?
)l

''liJ,
writ" obout gou.
Write two things gou ore doing this weekend.

Write obout Vour next school holidog. How ore gou going to spend it?

Write rwo things gou promise gou ll do in the future.

It s verg cold outside ond rhe skg is dork greg. Write two things thor ore going to hoppen.

45
 Modol verbs (1): Ability,
permission, requests, obligotion,
necessity
Could lweor gour jocker, pleose?

No, l'm sorrg, gou con't!

I hove to weor it tonight.

Well, then ldon't hqve to lend Oh, oll right! You con weor
lou m9 gomes! Give it bockl m9 jocket tonight...

And gou con plog wrth mg gomel

Heg! Whot...?

/,,.ll|lf comPlete the tobles.

ffi
{{"ii$i$5.Fffi

ffiffi
I con plog the violin.

He con'
plog the violin.
I could speok French
when I wos five.
Sha h'r .nadlz
French when she wos fle.
He will be oble to ioin

She wont be
to join us tomorrow
.............. gouPlog Could he speck French Willtheg...... ....... oble to
the violin? when he wos five? join us tomorow?
*

ffiffi
.tHffSffi You con use mg computer. Con gou give this to Peter?

ffiffi
|}]l...!,tri-
You ....... .........'t use my computer.

Con / Could I use gour computer?

Could gou not smoke here, pleose.

Could . open the door?

46
 Modol verbs (1): Ability, permission, requests, obligotion, necessity

ffi
ffi We must go. We hwe to go.

,1l
ffi
Reod the informotion.
We mustn't go. hove .... .
We don't
Dowe.. . .togo?
. go.

Modql verbs . To tolk qbout qbilitg in the post, we use

Modol verbs (e.g. cdn, cou/d must) ore could/couldn't.
different from other verbs: I could swim when I was three.
. We don't odd -s in the third person Could gou speok ltolion when you were six?
stngutor. . We con clso use be dble to + infinitive ro
Lucg con plog the violin. y' tolk obout obilitg. We con use be oble to in

.
W1e$* oll tenses.
We use on infinitive without to ofter He will be oble to join us tomorrow.
modol verbs. Theg hoven't been oble to help him .
I could swim when I was three. y' . We don t usuollg use be oble to to rolk
+€€fltC+€-srriFr,yA€r-l-$€s+*J€e, obout generol obilitg in the present ond
. We don't moke questions qnd negdives post. Con ond could ore more common.
with doldoes or did. He is oble to heh us,
Con gou plag tennisT y' I wos able to switn when , wos three.
(not verg common)
He .on help us.
Abilitg
I could swim when / wds three. (more
. To tolk obout obilitg in the present, we
common)
use cdnlcon t,
I con swim. He con't help us.
Con gou speak ltdlion?

t ;li Complete with con / con,t or could / couldn,t.

I This question's too difficult. | 9gl'i .onswerit.
2 gou plog che guicor three geors ogol
3 l. .. .. open the door becouse ldidn't hove the keg.
4 .... . f1r Fox see us now? Or is he busg?
5 Hove gou seen mg bog? | find it.
6 Mg brother .... plog chess when he wos six. And he wos verg good ot it, too!

1;i1r, Compf ete with the correct for m ol be oble to.

I I think Jock w.i!! be gblp tg g.rlpwqf this question. Whg don,t 9ou osk him? (onswer)
2 We ... to come to the portg next week. (not come)
3 Good news! Chris thinks he us che moneg. (lend)
+ ... .. thot project bg Mondog? (gou / finish)
5 l1g sister's hoving driving lessons. She . .. in three weeks. (drive)
6 I'm reollg sorrg. | . .. gou next Soturdog. (not ioin)
47
 Look ond write, lJse can / con't, could / couldn't or will / won't be oble to.
drow ride d bike Teod

tlvo geors o9o x x x x x

)( i< x x
in two gears )(

ron coulon l orqw rwo geors og0. fie co n't drow now.
He wrtl oe oote to drow ,^rhen ne ;s five

,t/{,i!fu
Reod the informqtion.

Permission
. Y''le use Con llCan we ...? or Could llcould You can leove gour bike here.
we ...? ro osk if it is OKto do somelhing. You can t use thot comPuter.
We use Could IICould we ... ? when we Requests
wont to be more Polite. . We use con gou/Could gou ...? to dsk
Cdn I use gour Pen, Ni.k? someone to do something for us. We use
Could I use gour Phone, sir? Could gou when we wont to be more
. To tell someone thot it is or isn't OK to por|Ie.
do something, we use gou con or vou Can gou oPen the door?
con t. Could gou help me with this exerciseT

(liilt Compfete with con / con't or could / couldn't'

I A: . c91 gou hold this for o minute, Tom? B: Sure.
2 A: lYike, ..
borrow gour comero?
..
B: Yes, gou .. .... . But be verU coreful with it!
3 A . .... gou give Jon mg messoge, pleose, Mrs Botes? B: Yes, of course.
4 A: Excuse me, . . ... we book o tennis court for five, pleose?
B: I'm sorrg, gou .. . Theg're oll booked todog.
5 A: Kote? .. I weor gour iocket to the Portg tonight? B: Sure! Here it is.
5 A .... .. gou move gour suitcose, pleose, sir? B: Yes, I'm sorrg.
7 A: .. ... gou help me find mg kegs, Mott?
B: l'm sorrg, L... . ... l'm lote for school
A: . .. we leove our cor here, Mr Allon? B: Yes, of course.

48
 Modol verbs (1): Ability, permission, requests, obligotion, necessity

Reod ond write questions. Use con or could.

You're corrging some heovg bogs ond gou con't open the door. You osk o goung mon:
(open) Qguid yau aPen the door for.ne, pteose) .

You con't do gour homework. You wont gour brother to help gou with it. you osk him:
(help)
3 You're ot d friend's house. You wont to use the phone. You osl< qour friend s morner:
(use)
4 You're trging to do gour homework but gour sister's moking too much noise. you tell her:
(be quiet)
5 You wont gour English teocher to speok more slowlg becouse gou con't understond whot she's
soging. Yo u osK her:
(speok)
5 You're ot o friend's house. lt's roining ond gou hoven't got on umbrello. you osk him / her:
(borrow)

Reqd the informotion.

Obligotion, necessitg earlg. Did he hove to stag ot home?

Must
Must is o modol verb. We use on infinitrye
without to ofter it.
. We use must to sdg thot something is
necessory.
You must be quiet.
. We use must not/mustnt to tell someone
not to do something, or thot it is
necessorg not to do something.
You mustn't leove now. Stay here.
Must and hdve to
. We don't usuollg use must in questions.
Hqve to
. We use on infinitive without to ofter hove
to, but it is not d modol verb. We moKe
questions ond negotive sentences with
dol doesldon'tldoesn't or didl didn't. We con
use hove to ih oll the tenses.
We have to go. I don't hove to get up
earlg. Does he hove to stag at home?
We had to go. I didn't hove to get up
We'll hove to go. We won't hove to get up
eo g Will he have to stog at home?
' ln positive sentences, we use hoye to like
must, to sog thot something is necessorg.
He hos to finish his homework.
. In negotive sentences, we use hdve to to
sog thot something is not necessorg.
We don't hove to go to school tomorrow .
It s Soturdag.
. Be coreful! In negotive sentences, mustnt
ond hoye to ore different:
You mustn't leave now. ffou must stqg.
You con't, or shouldn't, ledve now.)
You don't hoveto leove now. (lt is not
necessorg. You con leove if gou wont to.)
We con't use must to refer to the post.
We use hod toldidn't hoye to insteod.
I had to get up ot 7.30 gesterdag. y'
I must get up eorlg gesterdog. X

ri1 Compf ete with the correct form ol hqve to.

I Yg dod .!1os .99 9?l uP . ot 5.30 everg dog. (get up)
2 | now. lt's getting lote. (9o)
3 Nick's fother couldn't drive him to the stotion, so he the bus. (toke)
4 We .. o new computer next geor. (bug)
5 l"lg mum.. o uniform ot work. She's o nurse. (weor)
6 You ... her obout this ogoin next time gou see her. (osr<7
4q
 ,!r!rrrfsmrl--

t:tt
.lI

,,8
|;;,,,, !i!| w:! n,; i
i:l':i:::
Nlit, Compfete with must or hod to. I hdd to get up eorlg
gesterdog. y'
I Oh no! lt's 7.30lWe nrqpq... ... . hurrg!..
2 We didn't go to the cinemo lost night. we I must get uP eorlg
gesterdog. X
stog ot home.
3 The windows ore dirtg. We ... cleon them.
I OK, gou con go. But gou . .. be home bg 10.30.
5 We. ... .... be there ot 9.00, so we left home ot 8 30.
5 We .... .. . ... woit here. Dod will be bock soon.
7 She wosn't feeling verv well, so we . .. . . .. coll o doctor.
I Jock. ... . . .. lewe eorlg. His friends were woiting for him.

iti'l:r,
tili;,i; Compfete with mustn't or don't hove to,
You dg.l.'l hgve f9 ... .... woit for us. we'll meet gou ot Youmustn't do this.
the stotion. (Don't do this!)
2 Thot's OK. | .. . ... ... . . finish mg Project now. lcon
You don't hove to do this.
finish it tomorrow. (But gou con if gou wont
3 Remember: gou .... . tell ongone obout this. to.)
It s o secret.
Jock con stog ot home. He . ... come with Lrs.

5 Shh! Be quiet!You. tolk in the librorg!

6 We . hurrg. We still hove plentg of time.
7 You ... ... .... forget to tell Chloe obout this. lt's verg imPortont.
I Come on! Hurrg up! We ... ... ... . .... be lote!
ttlrlit !,
riiiiii,!: ComDfete with con / con't or must / mustn't,

Oeor Peter ond Lucq, i

'.

I rritt be hone o blt lote todog (11 . .

firu!.!. .. rrlsit Atrtd Mobet ot the hospitol ofter @ork)- i
2 .... .. gou pteose go to the supermorketfor me? l3 ... do the shoppinq todog
becolrse|muerribusg.Themoner1ortdtheshopp|hg[l5toreonthekitchehtobt€'
0h, ond uou a .. -forqetto returhth€ DVDS to the DVo store. Theq're otreodg one dog
tote! Lucg,gotr5 ... r,rotch TV br.rt qou ... 6 ...
ftdsh gour homeoorkfrst. I
Peter, youT . .
.... ptog footbott @ith goor friehds ih th€ ofterhooh, but gou i
..
be bock home bg 6.30.

Vou e.................co1tme on mg rnobite iJgou need ohqthih4. i

Loue, Mur,n

cu
 Modol verbs (1); Ability, permission, requests, obligation, necessity

Choose the correct qnswer.

Reader's corner
Write to us about any*ing that's on your
mind!
My parents think I'rn still a babyt .you
go to bedlatet ,You 1 a must b can c mustnt
. .. {tint more milkt' 2 a have b w:ll be able to c must
'Oh. you 3 ... watch this 3 a aren't able o canl c couldn't
film, i1's not fbr youl 'When we Dere
your age we r do what 4 a had to b must c were able to
our parents said. too_' Wel1,l m t3 years
old and I want to talrc sone decisions for nyself thev
ro rell lne what to do alt the rimel 5 a couldn't b don't have c mustnt
Adrian. 13

Life su€ksl My ounl ohd uncle ore

9oing oh o ski-ihg holiday to
Aus+rio nexl Fridoy ohd lhey have
osked me to 9o,.loo. The thing is. I
trnd my possport 6 a aren't ab e to b can't c mustn't
ond ihere is no ti|ne io gel o new
one so lT ... ... to gol I 7 a won't be able b can't c must
feel miseroblel
Thomos, 1l

... same.ane PLeese ,e^A" B a Has b Can c Could

rne & cop! a+ the SepLefi'ber istue
ol ''teenL;xk'? | o5Ll.zttL them oJ.d I

ho"y*i'L gaL t*Ls ahe.

M,.ria]-' e, 1L

Write obout gou.

Write two things gou couldn't do when gou were three geors old.

2 Write two things gou hod to do ond two things gou didn,t hove to do when qou were four.

3 Write two things thot gou will be oble to do when gou ore eighteen geors otd.

4 Write two things thot gou will not hove to do when qou finish school.

5l
 Modql verbs (2): PossibilitY /
probobility, deduction, odvice

The school bus is leoving in He con't be there! He

o minute! Where's Peter? hotes modern ort!

(t' tl.)

But I sow him o few minutes

He mog be in the ogo! He wos sitting on o bench
modern ort room, ond he wos looking ot o picture!

He's not looking dt the

picture. He's osleep!

Poor Peter! I think he should

go to bed eorlier.

llli! t c" pt"te the tqbles.

ffi We .......... .. go to the Portg.

ffi
Theg mog come whh us.
I might be lote.
He ... ...... (mightn't) like the pointing.
W You .. .... ..... meet us there

ffi He. .. ..... be in the modern ort room.

W He.... .. . . be there!

You should tolk to gour fother.

You ...... (shouldn't) worrg so much
52 . ........ . l phone him?
 Modol verbs (2)i Possibitity/probobitity, deduction, odvice
trr,,'

Reod the informotion.

Possibilitg/probobititg Deduction
. We use maglmog not ond mightlmight not . We use must when we ore olmost sure
to sqg thdt something is possible in the thot something is true.
present or future. we use mog/fiog not Peter didn't hove breakfost this morning.
ond mightlmight not in the some wog. He must be hungrg.
Jim 6n I in his toom. He moglmight be in . We use con't when we ore clmost sure
the gorden. (Present) thot something is not true.
We mog notlmight not stag ot home Peter's just hod breokfast_ He con't be
tomoftow. (Future) nungrgl
. We con olso use could ro tdlk obour rhings
Advice
thot ore possible.We onlg use it in positive
. We use t to give odvice, ro
shou/d/shou/dn
t\ sentences. In negotive sentences we use
.h sog whot we think is o good or bod ideo.
mog notlmight not, not couldn't.
You should be more careful.
Jim isn't in his rcom. He could be in the
You shou/dn't edt so mong slyeets.
gorden.
. We often use shou/d in questions to osk
+heg-eealdr-++e-rr=+efre.
for odvice.
Theg mog not/might not be ot home. y'
Should I osk Ello obout this?
Where should we go?

Complete with could or mog not,

| | tt)sy 'tut .. bug rhot hot. ldon t like it verg much.
2 There's someone ot the door. lt .. be Alex.
3 Mum ... . . hove time to go to the supermorket. She,s verg ousg.
1 | .. hove lunch. l,m not verg hungrg.
5 Hmm... ges, gou be right. I hodn't thought obout thrs.
5 Croig go to school tomorrow. He's ill.
7 There's o letter on the toble. It ... .. be from Julio.
8 Cosmo isn't in his bosket. He .. in the kitchen.

Compf ete with might / might not qnd o verb from the box.
be bug Jd know need poss Toin weor

I We nigrL t?t gg .. . to the concert. The tickets ore verg expensive.

2 Here, take this with gou. You it.
3 | .. o bit lote. l'm sorrgl
I that jocket. I hoven't reollg got enough moneg.
5 Jock the test. He doesn,t work hord enough.
6 Come on, let's osk Mrc Wolker - she the onswer.
7 |. .. thot dress to the portg. I don't like it verg much.
I Toke on umbrello with gou. lt

53
lti;ry

/lilft c" pt"t" *ith must or con't.

lheg won. lheg "'u.' .. be verg hoPPg.
2 Whot? Thot .. .. be Ron! He phoned me from Jopon gesterdogl
3 No, gou're wrong! This ... .... .. be the right onswer.
Hi. You .. .. be Horrg. Erico's told me o lot obout gou.
5 Wow! You've got so mong CDs! You ... .. love music!
6 You. ... .. ... ... .. be hungrg ogoin!You hod lunch an hour ogo!
7 Thot .. .... be Kevin's brother! Kevin hosn't got o brother.
8 Thdt mon con't understond whot l'm soUing. He be o tourist.

ffit Circle the correct word.

i'i iii Whdt's the motter LucA? You've got dork circles under gour eges.
Lucg: I didn't sleep lost night. I hod o terrible heodoche.
I'lui-'r You l@ mog feel ,re.g tired. whg don't gou go to bed now?
Lucg: I hove to studg. l'm not sure bur we 2 con t / mog hdve d Historg test tomorrow.
. irr, .. You don't look well. dorling. You I mog / con't be ill. Go to bed now.
You 4 must / might feel befter when gou woke up.
Beth: Who's thot bog with Vickg, over there?
Hcrrg: He s must / mog not be her brother. Theg look verg much olike.
Beth: He 6 con't / might be her brother. He is onlg six geors old. This bog
7 con't must be ot leost fifteenr
/
Horrg: He I might / cdn t be o relotive
Vicl<U: Hi, gugs! This is mg cousin,.Jdmes.
Horrg: HiJomes! See, Beth? | wos rightl
(lif1 c" pt"t" nith should or shoutdn't.

54
 Modol ve$s (2): Possibility/probobility, deduction, odvice 9
Complete with the correct modol verb.

Your stories By Tracy Morgan

It was 11 o'c ock n the morn ng on a warm summer day and I was sltlring n the
garden with my brcthef. Atall man n a business su t and a locksmith wef e trying uu
open the front doon of the house across the street. t was very stnange because
Mns Hall, our neighbout had just eft on a long holideyl
'Look, Ethan' I sEid to my brother'they 1 nrq9q be
burglarsj,
'They a .. be burulars, Tracy,he answered. lt,sthemiddeof the ddy
Everyone can see theml
'They s be clever burglans, thenl They know people wi I not think [ney ne
dorng anJ,th ng wrong. Ill ca I the po ice!'
'You a .. cal the polcel lt's none ofyour business Themaninthesuii
5 be Mrs Hal's guest ancl he's lost his keyl,
'He 6 .. .. be a guest I saw Mrc Ha I before she left in the monning and
she d dn't say anlthlng about guestsl'
A few minutes ater the police came and took both rnen to the police statron. I sa o
to my brother: See? | did the r ght thingt The man inthe sut7.. .. belVr.s
H6l's friendl l'm sufel'
And then the phone rang. lt was Mrs Hal.
'Tracy, I forgot to tel yout rny frend, Adam, left some important bustness papers
n
my house, yesterday. He hasn't got a key so he I brng a locksmith wth hm. ,m catrng
you because sorneone B .. think he's a burglafl,

Write whqt gou thinl<. Use the modol verb given.

It is lote ot night ond gou ore in bed. you heor o noise in the kitchen.
(must) .lf mq9l.i9 dad. 19 ul,tqllg. g9L9 yp.t9.llnk g9t79 wqLpl.
(must)
(con't) lt con't
You hove orronged to meet gour friend outside the cinemo. The film hos olreodq storted but
he / she hos not orrived qet.
(might) He / She
(con't)
A friend sogs she likes cots. When gour cot goes neor her she runs owoq!
(con t,,
(mog) ..
Your uncle hos just won o lot of moneg in the lotterg!

(mi9ht)
Your frie nd spends cll dog ploging computer gdmes. He isn't doing verg well ot school.
(should)
(shouldn't)
 Modql verbs (3): Offers,
suggestions

l'll mdke dinner How obout moking some

Sholl I moke gou tonight, l''lum. You Con I help? fresh tomoto souce?
o cup of teo? ger Some resr.

Sure. Let's moke

No, thonks, honeg.
spoghetti.

Now thdt lthink of it, f1um...

Whg don't we order some pizzo?

iffir neoa the tqbles.

l'll moke dinner.

Sholl I moke gou o cup of teo?

Con I help?

Would gou like some ordnge juice?

Let's moke spoghetti.

Sholl we hove something to eot?

We con/could stog ot home.
VVhg don't we wotch o DVD?
Would gou like to hove lunch now?

56 How obout listening to some music?

 Modol verbs (3): Offers. suggestions

Reqd the informqtion.

1 0
Offers Suggestions
When we offer to do things for people, we When we wont to suggest whot to do, we
con use: con use:
. /Ji + on infinitive without to. . Let's +on infinitive without to.
I'llhelp. Let s go to the ainemo .
. Sho// / + on infinitive without to. . Shol/ we + on infinitive without to.
Shall I help? Sholl we goto the cinema?
. Con I + on infinitive without to. . Canlcould + on infinitive without to.
Can I help? We conlcould go to the cinemo.
When we offer something to someone, we . Whg don't welgou + on infinitive without
con use: to.
Wou/d gou iike + o noun. Whg don't we go to the cinemo?
Would gou like some tea? . Would gou like + on infinitive with ro.
Would gou like to go to the cinemo?
. WhotlHow obout + on -ing form.
How about going to the cinemaT

Compfete with I'll or Shqll I.

I A: I hoven't got Will's phone number.
2 A: lt's verg dork in here. open the curtoins?
3 A: I wont to listen to the news. curn on che rodio?
4 A: We hoven't got ong flour. get some from the
supermorket.
5 A: I don't wont to go there olone! B: come with gou?
5 A: I forgor to tellJo obout (he pong. B: Don't worrg. tell her.
7 A: This suitcose is so heovg! B: corrg it for gou.
8 Ar l'm lotel B: drive gou to the stotion?

Complete with I' , Sho l or Would gou like.

Ai I'm storving! Br 5h9ll { .. .. mol<e some sondwiches?
A: o biscuit? B: No, thonks. l've olreodg hod two.
A: I'm cold. close the window.
A: .. some cocooT B: Yes, pleose.
A: I need to speok to Ello. B: .. . . .. osk her to phone gou?
A: I don't feel verg well. B: collthe doctor.
Ai Are gou going to the post office? B: Yes. post these letters for gou?
some more soup? B: No, thonk gou.

57
 . Compfete with Let's, Sholl we or Would gou like.
1 4r Wqqld got-r. like .. to 90 to the cinemo tonight?
B: I'm sorrg, lcon't. I'm busg.
2 At wdtch Ifie Secret ofthe Loke.
B: No. I've olreodg seen thot.
3 A: .. .. go home now?
B: Yes. lt's getting lote.
4 A: to plog o gome?
B: Yes, OK.
5 A: get d toxi?
B: We con get the bus.
5 A: .. .. ... phone Emmo.
B: I hoven't got her phone number.
7 A, .
. ... hqve something to eot?
B: Yes! l'm storving!
8 A: . to listen to some music?
Bl Sure.

tiirii Relvrite the suggestions. Use Whg don't we ond How obout.
I Let's stog ot home tonight. 5 Let's hove o por_tg.
.Whg.!9n.l! w? pLag aL. hafp Lo.ligh.t?
lJ.o.l. 9.baut 9Laltng gt h.qn! lqnigbL.?
2 Let's moke some sondwiches. 6 Let's downlood the photos from the Internet.

3 Let's wotch o DVD. 7 Let's plog Monopolg.

4 Let's go to the beoch. 8 Let's eot out tonight.

i'il/.i Circle the correct ons\,ver.

I Ar Whg don't we /@wotching 5 A whot do gou wont to do tonight?
othriller? B: Well, we could / sholl go to the cinemo.
B: No! | hote thrillers! 6 A: Whot obout / Whg don't we eoting
2 A: Let's invite / inviting Kellg to the portg, too. out tonight?
tomorrow.
B: OK. l'll e-moil her B: OK. Let's go to thdt new restouront
3 A Let's / Sholl we hove some teo? in Willow Street.
B: OK. 7 A: How obout / Sholl we meet ot eight?
4 A: Whg don't we go / going for o wolk in the pork? B: OK. l'll see gou then.
Br OK. l'll get mg coot. 8 A: Whot sholl we dol
B: We could / sholl osk Croiq to help us.

58
 Modol verbs (3): Offers, suggestions ii 6
Reqd ond comolete,

Beth: Oh, Horrg! | reollg don't know whot to do!

l-lorr9: I.cgl1 lhelp you?
Beth: Well, ges! I've got no ideds ond the orticle for feedink must be reodg tomorrow!
| )wrg: z .. don't gou write something obout sports? Kids love sports.
Beth: We've got two orticles obout sports! you wrote them!
Horrg: Yes, gou're right! You write obout the historg of our town.
Beth: Thot's boring!
Hcrrg: { ... obout interviewing the new Music teocher?
Beth: Oh, not onother teocher interviewl
l-lafrg: Yes, gou're right. lt might be too much. s . ... . gou like to write obout thot new
singer, Nodio Newton?
Beth: Idon't know ongthing obour her!
Horrg: Oh, cll right. | 5 . write the orticle for gou.
Beth: Horrg, gou're on ongell Thonks! Bge!

Reqd qnd write q response.

I I wont toio something. I hoven't been out of the house oll dog!
Let's 9q rq: I u!qlk... (go for o wolk)
Whg ? (visit o friend)
Sholl ... ? (ptog footboll in the pork)
rlow ? (cotch the bus into town)
2 | don't feelverg well.
...
Con .. ? (do something for gou)
. ..
Sholl .? (toke gou home)
Would. ? (o gloss of woter)

Write whot gou might sog in these situotions. Trg to use o different expression
eqch time.
I Your friend is thirstg. Offer him / her something.

2 lt snowed lost night. You wont to go out ond moke o snowmon. Suggest this to gour friends.

3 Your grondmo connot open the mormoldde jor. Offer to open it for her.

4 You ond gour cousins ore deciding where to spend o holidog together. Moke o suggestron.

59
 Conditionols, wish

Peter: Whot will hoppen if I pull out this plug?

Horrg: lf gou pull out thot plug. gou'll get o
heodoche.
Peter: You're joking! How con lget o
heodoche?
Horrg: lf gou pull out thot plug, gou'll cut off
the electricitg to mg computer.
lf gou cut off the electricitg, l'll lose oll
this work.
lf thot hoppens, l'll screom so loudlg
thqt gou'll get o heodoche.

@ Complete the tobles.

gou mix red ond white gou get pink.

| get o new CD, we olwogs listen to it together.

gou pull out thot plug, gou......... ..... cut offthe electricitg,
he ....... ......nl invite
me to the Portg, I wont go.

Horry lost oll his work, he would ('d) be verg ongrg.

I were gou, I ................. (wouldn't) work so hord.
60
 Conditionqls, r4li*)

Reod the informqtion.

11
Zero conditionol
Form
Conditionol sentences hove two ports. The if When he hos o headache, he alwogs lies
clouse ond the moin clouse. down ond rests.
. To form zero conditionol sentences, we He olwogs lies down ond rests when he hos
use iflwhen + present simple in the r'f a heodoche.
clouse ond present simple in the moin
Use
clouse. . We use zero conditionol sentehces to rotK
lflWhen gou heot woter, it boils.
. obout something thot olwogs hoppens if
The f clouse con come before or dfter the
something else hoppens first.
moin clouse. When the if clouse comes
If gou mix red ond white, gou get pink.
first, we use o commo ofter it.

Complete the zero conditionql sentences,

I Cosmo ond Bello ..hrdq under rhe sofo when LucA plogs the violin. (hide)
2 lf I don't hove to go to school, I eorlg. (not get up)
3 When Chloe mg sister, theg tolk for hoursl (phone)
4 Mg mum gets reollg ongrg if I mg room. (not tidg)
5 Dglon usuollg goes to the ggm ofter worl< if he tired. (nor oe)
5 lf I don't go to bed eorlg, I tired in the morning. (feel)
7 gour dog when gou 90 on holidog? (Mrs Richords / look ofter)
8 When mg dod .. home eorlg, he helps me with mg homework. (get)

Reqd the informotion,

First conditionol . Remember: the ifclorjse con come before

Form or ofter the moin clouse. We use o
. To form first conditiondl sentences, we commo when the f clouse comes first.
use if + present simple in the ifclouse ond lf gou don't get o map, gou'll get lost.
ralill in the moin clouse. You'll get lost if gou don't get o mop.
lf he comes, l'll go.
Use
. We con olso use the imperotive or moctol
verbs (e.9. con, mog, must) in the moin
' We use first conditionol sentences to tolk
obout something thot mog hoppen in the
clouse.
future, os o result of on oction or
lf gou see him, give him mg messoge.
situcrtion.
(if + present simple + imperotive)
lfshe phones me, l'lltell her obout the
If I see him, I con gire him gour message.
paftg.
(rf + present simple t modol verb)

6l
, l' Comolete the first conditionol sentences.
I lf Lgdio P99999. .. her test, her fother will
bug her o new computer. (poss)
2 If Horrg comes, I to him. (tolk)
3 Mg mum won't let me go to the pork if l .

.... .. mg homework. (not finish)

4 lf gou do thot ogdin, dod verg
ongrg. (be)
5 We'll be ldte if we . (not hurrg)
5 lf she goes to Poris, she ... us d
postcdrd. (send)
7 Liom will be verg disoppointed if Emmo .. .. to the Portg. (not come)
8 lf you .. now, gou'll miss gour bus. (not leove)
9 lf it roins, we .. out. (not go)
l0 lf he sees our messcge, he .. us (phone)
Complete the first conditionol sentences, Then odd commos where necessorg.
I lf gou leoye (leove) gour bog here,i. mighL geL (might / get) lost.
2 Collum ... (stdg) ot home if he (not feel) better.
3 lf gou (osk) her she (help) gou.
4 lf gou . (see) KVle Pleose (not tell) him obout the
Poftv.
5 (gour dod / be) ongrg if he (find out) obour rhis?
6 We (mog / miss) the lost bus if we (not hurrg).
7 lf gou .. (finish) ot six I .. (con / meet) gou dt the
stotion.
8 lf theg . (be) tired we (not 9o) to the Porl<.
9 lf we .. (not mdke) some sondwiches we ..

(get) hungrg.
l0 .. .. . (coll) me if 9ou ineed) help. OK?

Complete the first conditionol sentences so theg ore true for gou.
I M9 mum . wrll De @e) furious if I foil mg English test.
2 lf mg best friend .. (forget) mg birthddg,
3 lf | . (not be) busg tomorrow, I

lf | ... (sove) enough moneg this geor, | .. ..

8 lf L.. . (linish) mg homework eorlg todog,

6 l{ | (stog up) lote tonight
7 | (bey verg disoppornted if
8 lf | ... (hove) some free time next week, | .... ..

62
 Conditionols, wisll,71

Reod the informqtion,

H
,* Second conditionql Use
Form We use second cohditionol sentences:
To form second conditionol sentences, we . to tolk obout things thot ore not true now,
use if + post simple in the ifclouse ond ond ore not verg likelg to hoppen in the
F
I,
would F infinitive without to in rhe moin future.
clcuse. If I won the lotterg, l'd travel around the
b .
lf I knew the onswer, I would tell gou.
In the rfclouse, we con use were insteod of
worid. (l con't trovel oround the world

lr wos ofter I be, she ond tt.

lf I woslwere tich, I'd bug thot house.
. Remember: the ifclduse con come before
or cfter the moin clouse. Vy'e use o
commo when the f clouse comes first.
lf theg weren't so busg, theg would come
with us.
Theg would .ome with us if theg weren't so
busg.
now. And I probablg won't win the lofterg
in the future.)
to toll< obout imoginorg situotions, things
thot ore completelg impossible.
lfpeople hod wings. rheg would flg. Cfhis is
completelg impossible. People will never
hove wings.)
to give odvice, with the phrose f/ were
gou in the ,fclouse.
If I were gou, I would tell her the tuth.
I wouldn't do that if I werc gou.

Circle the correct onswer. Then odd commos where necessoru.

lf Rgon ond Ellie@
I wouldn't live in Combridge, we would see them more often.
2 If he didn't need / wouldn't need his comero he'd lend it to us.
3 Kotie got / would get better mork dr school if she studied horder.
\ lf I were / would be gou I'd coll the police.
5 I'd bug thot computer if I had / would hove enough moneg.
5 Whot would gou do if this hoppened / would hoppen to gou?
7 lf I went to Poris I visited / would visit the Eiffel Tower.
8 I didn't help / wouldn't help him if I were gou.

Complete the second conditionql sentences,

I ll I l.od .. ftove) his phone numuer, Lld plqng (phone) him.
2 | .. .. .. (not lie) to her if lwere gou.
3 lf we. (not hwe) to go to schooltomorrow, I

(stog) in bed oll dog!

4 We . (get) o dog if we (hove) o bigger hor.rse.
5 lf that jocket . (not be) so expensive, | (bug) it.
6 lf he .. .. (not lil<e) gou, he (not coll) gou everg dog.
7 Whot (gou / sog) if somebodg (osk) gou the
some question?
lf | . (be) gou, | (not spend) so much moneg on
clothes.

63
ffi; a"oa ond complete.

llijiiil' C" pt"t" the toble qnd reqd the informotion.

i wish + post simple I wish I hod more moneg.

, wish + wos / were wish I wos / were fomous.
| .. ...... Peter wos / were here.
I wish + could I wish I could help gou.

We use wish + post simple to show thot we would like something to be different, thot we
ore not hoppg with o present situotion.
twish I didn't have to go. (l hove to go. But I don't wdnt to )
. We con use lvere insteod of wos ofter i, he, she ond it.
I wish I was I were rich.
. We often use I wish + could.
I wish I could flg! I wish gou could come with us.

64
 Condilionols, *, ii{
Peter is ill todqg. Reqd ond write sentences wilh I wish.
| | / not hove / o heodoche
2 l/notbe/ill
3 lYum / be / here
4 I / not hove to / stog in bed
5 | / con / 9o / to the pork
6 | / con / eot / some ice creom
Reod qnd complete.
Christinoi Hi, Lucgl l'4g sister ond I ore going to the cinemo. Would qou like to come with us?
Lucg: I con't, Christino.l'm sorrg. lf I | .di!n'l hgyp (not hove) sJ much to oo,
2. (9o) with gou.
r

Chrjstina: Whg ore gou so busg?

LucA: I've got o Historg test tomorrow. I wish | 3 .. (con come) wrtn gou.
We 4 (hove) o greot timel
Christina: But, Lucg... tomorrow...
Lucg: !f" t (be) much eosier if we didn,t hove to go to school. We
(do) so mong things if we 7 (hwe) more free time.
Christinot Lucg! Listen to mel You don,t hove to do ong homework for tomorrow! lt,s
o school
holidog!
Lucg: Oh deor! You're right. lwish I I (not be) so sillg!

Write obout gou.

I You hove to stog on o desert islond for one week. you con bring onlg three things
with gou.
Whot would gou tol<el
lf thodtostogql o.legerL i9lo,l4.lCf q week,t,dLqke...

2 Whot do gou do when gour mum is ongrg with gou?

3 Whot will gou do if gou finish gour homework eorlg, todog?

4 Whot would gou do if gour best friend lied to gou?

6 Whot will gou do if it roins tomorrowi

65
 i'| :it'tit','1,,",,

Use your English (Units 7-11)

,, I:;
"

t,,,,

i'tli Look dt the text in eoch question. Whot does it sog? Choose the correct qnswer.

' From: Anna .-: -o

lo: tlld
Anno is sure her gldsses ore on Fred's
.i :_ ". _:: ::: r': r: :r: _r i: r ':_:r oesK.

Ella, can you l00k l0r my glasses? | think I

Anno is sure her glosses dren't on Fred's
left them at y0ur house yesterday. Check in oesK.
Fred's r0om - they might be 0n his desk /,4 Anno isn't sure exoctlg where her glosses

o You don't hove to feed the onimols.

DO NOT FEEI)
THE ANIMALS b You mustn't feed the onimdls
c You con feed the onimols.

(l Koth doesn't wont to 9o to the Portg.

Deor diorg,
b Koth doesn't hove to go to the pqdg.
I rrish I dlddt houe to go to thot portg
c Koth wonts to go to the poftg.
tonight!Wetl, ot leost Nikki Dill bethere!
Koth

o Ben's mum thinks he should Phone Fiono.

Ben,
b Ben's mum thinks he shouldn't Phone
Fiona's back. Why don t you
Fiono.
phone her and ask her to help
you with your Science project? Ben's mum thinks Fiono con't help him
Mum with his Science project.

, t, Complete with one word.

A: Whot dre gou doing?
B: l'm looking ot this cool website. Emmo I i9 . . hoving o birthdog Poftg on Soturdog ond
I'm trging to decide whot to bug for her.
A: Oh, ges, I know. I'm going 2. ... get her Horrg Rowler's new CD'
B: A CD, huh? I'm sure she 3 . .. . like it - she loves Pop music!

A: 1.. ... gou coming to the sports centre tomorrow?

B: No, | 5 not!You know I hote Ploging tennis with Ericl
A: But Eric isn't coming. He's 5. to stog ot home dnd look ofter his bobg brother'
B: oh, goodl | 7 .. join gou, then!

. Circle the correct 6nswer.

I A:@/ Might I borrow gour comero? Br Sure. lt's on mg desk.
2 A: I couldn't / won't be oble to join gou tomorrow. B: Whg notl
3 A: I'm reollg hungrg! B: Sholl / Will I moke gou o sondwich?
4 A: lt's OK. You mustn't / don't hove to do this. l'll do it. B: Oh, OK then.
5 A: Could / Mog gou open the door for me, pleose? B: Of course
5 A: Thot con't / mustn't be Kim! She's in Jopon! B: Thot's Liz, her tlvin sister.
oo
 Complete the second sentence so thqt it meons the some qs
the first,
Use l-3 words.
I con't bug thot MP3 ploger becouse ldon't hove enough moneg.
I would bug thct MP3 ploger if. hod
. enough moneg.
I lied to mg fother ond now l,m sorrg.
I wish | .. to mg fother.
Let's wotch o DVD.
whg don't o DVD?
Leove now or gou'll be lote.
If gou now, gou'll be lote.
I think gou should tell her the truth.
lf I were gou, her the truth.
Sholl I get gou some more oronge juice?
Would gou some more oronge juice?
Unfortunotelg, lcon't help gou.
lwish I gou.
Sholl we go to the pork ofter school?
How obout to the porl< ofter school?

Complete the sentences so theg ore true for gou.

I Next month I'm going
2 I mog
.. . tomorrow,
3 When I'm twentg-one, I will be oble
When I wqs four, I couldn't
4 I don't hove to
on Soturdog.
5 lf I don't do mg English homework,
5 I wish
7 lf I were rich,

Tolk obout the future. Could gou heh me7

I'm going to the cinefio with mg I won't tell ongone. I promise.
friends on
Sdtutdog. Sholl I carrg that bag for gou?
We'll be bock ot seven. Whg doh't we go to the cinemo?
Tolk obout obilities. Give odvice.
Emmo cdn speak Getmon and French. You shouldn't drink so much colo.
We won't be oble to join gou next week. lf I were gou, I wouldn't tou.h that button!
Tdlk about things thot ore or oren't
necessorg.
v Tolk obout thinks thot ore true now cnd
are often impossible or not verg lil<elg to
I don't have to weor o uniform at school. happen in the future.
We must finish this toddg. lf we don't cdtch the fi6t bus, we,ll be lo!e.
Ask for or give permission. lf we weren't busg, we'd help them.
Could I use gour computer? lf I hdd wings, I would ftgl
You con borrow mg bike. Express wishes ond regrets.
lYoke requests, promises, offers ond I wish I had t|,500.
suggestions. I wish I hadn't bought these jeons.

ot
12 Nourns, srticles

Well, I don't know o lot obout

Aft but I thinl< | con see the
sun, up there. There's o Pond
ond some fish in it. lthink lcon
see two deer behind the
bushes, on eogle in the sl<g ...
oh, ond some butterflies?

Wow Christinol Con Uou reollg

see oll these things? | thinl< |

con just see two children

ploging with o boll.

Mogbe tlvo ships in the seo...?

Whot's the nome of the

pointing, Mrs Rhodes?

Complete the tobles.

book bool<s mon men tooth teeth

dress womon mouse mtce

child children fish

person people sheep

deer deer

We need four eggs for the coke

Theg've got three children.
There ... . two sondwiches in the fridge'

His clothes ore diftg.

Where mg sunglosses? ) Look ot the spelling rules on poge 139
68 I bought ovo pdirs jeons.
 Nouns, orticles

Reod the informqtion.

Plurols . VVe ccn moke countobie nouns countoble

For regulor nouns, we odd -s, -es, -ies or bg using the contoiner or the quontitg.
- ves to form the plurol. For exompfe, we sog.. a bottle ofwoteL
' aomputer ) computers box I boxes o con of cola, o cotton of orcnge juice, a
lorry + lotries knife t knives gloss of milk, o loof of breod, o slice of pizzo,
lrregulor nouns chonge in differenr wogs in a pot of goghutt, o kilo of sugar, 400 groms
the plurol. Some irregulor nouns don,t offlout, o lite of woteL o piece of
chonge in the plurol.
PoPet, etc.
. mon + men tooth + teeth
Plurol nouns
fsh + fsh deet + deel Some nouns ore clwogs plurol, ond we
Countdble ond uncountoble nouns olwogs use o plurol verb ofter them. These
. Countoble nouns con be singulor or nouns mog refer to:
plurol. We con count them. . things thot ore mode of two similor ports:
one book two booksthree books gldsses, trousers, jeons. shorts. pgomos.
. Uncountoble nouns hove no plurol form. scissors
We con't count them. . groups ofthings: c,othes, stoirs
cheese woter gold wood Your trousers are on gour bed.
ene-eheese Where ore mg glasses?

Complete with the plurol form of the words in brockets.

There ore twentg-five .9trd9ltP . (student) in mg closs: rwelve bqgg (bog) ond thirreen
I'Ilq. (girl).
2 Con gou get two ... .. (loof) of breod ond some .. (tomoto) from the morketl
3 Pleose put these .. (gloss) in the cupboord - ond leove the . (plote) on the
toble.
4 Mg.. ... (foot) hurtl Con we sit down here for o few .. (minute)?
5 Good. Now odd the ... (strowberrg) ond ... (cherrg) ond put it in the fridge
for three ... .... (hour).
5 How mong (person) hove gour ... . (cousin) invited to the portg?
7 Dinner's reodg. Con gou get the. (knife) ond .. .. (fork) pleose?
(deer) live in... .. (forest).

ititfl C" pl"t" the toble. Write the plurol form of these words in the correct cotumn.
sA3,e6i bobg becch child closs dictionorg fish fox knife lodg leof
librorg loof monkeg portg person ploce rodio restouront shelf tomoro
tooth wife wish womon

-5 -es -Ies -ves lrregulqr

ons!\,ers

6S
;,.,2 Comptete the tqble. Write C for 'countoble' noun ond U for 'uncountdble' noun.

month oil mogozrne

oir skirt mone9
friend milk fomilg
photo help rice
love leof cofton
meot breod T-shirt

tli;/l Circle the correct onswer.

I The scissors is /@in thot drower.
2 There's / There ore lots of oronge iuice in the fridge. We don't need onU more
3 Whg ore gou still in gour Pgjomo / pgjomos, Ben? Hurrg up!We're lotel
4 I'm not going to weor thot / those jeons. I don't like it / them.
5 Grondpo couldn't reod the newspoPer becouse he'd lost his gldss / glosses.
5 We need two cdrtons / cons of milk for the dessert.
7 Con gou give me o piece / slice of Poper?

'liiiiii neoa the informotion.

Articles Mississippi), mountoin ronges

o/on
We use o/on with singulor countoble nouns:
. when we tolk obout o thing or Person but
don't sog exoctlg which one: I need d pen.
. to tolk obout people s jobs:Jock s fother is
o doctot.
. before odiectives, to describe PeoPle or
things: Theg've got d beoutiful house.
. in expressions with numbers: I see her
twice o week.
He makes {50,000 o geor.
. to rolk obout o kind or group of people.
things or onimols in generol: A cheetdh is
foster thon o tiger. (All cheetohs ore foster
thon tigers.)
the
We cdn use the with singuldr, plurol dnd
uncountdble nouns. We use it:
. when it is cleor which person or thing we
mecn: Ihe mon on the left is Mott's fother.
. when there is onlg one:
The sun wos shining.
. with the nomes of oceons (the Atlontic
ocedn), seos (the Red Sed). rivers (the
(the Himologas) ond deserts
(the Sohoro Desert).
. with the nomes of some countries:
the USA/U5 (= United Stotes of Americo),
the UK (= United Kingdom),
tfie Nether/onds, the Czech RePublic
. with the nomes of cinemos (the Odeon),
theotres (tl'e Ndtiondl Theotre), museums
(the Louwe) ond hotels (the Hilton)
. with musicol instruments:
Mg btother Plogs the guitar .
. with newspopers: the Sun, the Guordion
. with surnomes, lo tolk obout fdmiliesl
Hove gou met the Smiths get?
. in some time exPressions:
in the moning/ofternoonlevening, ot the
weekend BUT: in Decembet, ot night, on
Fridogs.
Remember: when we tolk obout something
for the first time, we use o/dn. When we tolk
obout it ogoin, we use the.
Mum gove me a T-shirt ond a skirt fot mg
birthddg. The f-shirt is red ond the skirt is
blue.

70
 Nouns, orticles

I Zero orticle (breokfost) ond longuoges (Spon,sh)

We don't use d/on or the: before plurol ond uncountoble nouns,
. with names of people (Horrg, Mr Davis), when we tolk obout things, people or
continents (Asio), most countries (/tolg), onimols in generol
cities (Lordon), streets (Bdkef Street), Dogs ore friendlg.
squores (Irofolgor Squdre), lokes (Ldke life
is stronge somettmes.
Superior) ond mountoins (Mourt Fuji) in these expressfons: dt home. at s<hool, in
. with sports (foorbdll), gomes (cfiess), bed: Is Anne ot home?
school subjects (Geogrophg), meols

Complete with o / on or the.

I LucA plogs..rhg ... violin.
2 This is . MP3 ploger ond thot's loptop, Grondpo!
. . MP3 ploger is mine ond loptop is Kotie,s.
ls gour mother ... teocher?
Do gou know Robinsons? Theg live in thot house over there.
Thot wos . excellent film!
girl next to Amg is l4ike's sister.
I'm going to bug new computer next month.
. oir conditioner is ... mochine thot mokes the cir in TOOm Or COT
stog cool.

Complete with theor-. Then do the quiz.

ffi
' , Compfete with o/on, the o( -

A THINGS YOU MAY NOT KNOW ABOUT CATS

A cat can see six tmes betten than you at
1 I night
ln 2 .. ... hot counries, cats sleep up to 18 hours a day
A cat can be 3 excellent sw mmer'
4 ... adu t cat has 30 teeth
5. .. klttens have 26 teeth, called mllk teeth"
6 .. cats can make more thon 1OO different sounds'
7 .. oldestc6tlne. .. world lived to be 34 yeafs o dL
The best way to c ean a cats teeth is with
s . s6lty watef'

lli,it Compf ete with a / on, the or - .

DeM I'/$tt,, Do-^" d, P?jzr,

l'm ha"vLng 1^ * . wana'e4uL time t^
Porb. O^ :r"rnd.^! Ne Yb*e/-
LL+kL lc,wex a,r'i, MG Rhad.&t tl.ak u. tr)
Louvre !!e,tud"4!. I baugh'
5

p:&ate o+ lhe Mon4. LLst" for M(m {rom t}re lvkseum

Fro:r..z $
beauA,fut] ax\d 1
M. vet'! pol*e oAd. d2!6^L.
Its o, pt+4 | ca speak
',al ' -
1.tu1g!r44e buL l'.vz

d.PaAd" *4t l'm qo}! to t"Arh r

wdre tokutg a" ba4d a^d' we'te tro.YdJ\ng dnw".

rNex seu\e. I haPe Chr't'5liao" L5 weL e ouqh La
6ne, toa . She ale chocbtLtz3 !es@ra"o! 6:\d 3ne
sPznL 0U e\e tr\g M
11

l've 9ol to go tloN

Love, Lt(cg

ii;'!!11 Circle the correct onswer.

.iomie: Hi, Leoh. lt's Jomie.

Lll;h: Oh, hi, Jomie. Where ore gou? Whdt's oll thdt noise?
l@ the present for Connor's
jcmie: I'm ot the shopping centre. I wdnt to get
2 birthddg / birthdogs. whot obout gou? whot ore gou doing?

Well, l'm ot 3 home / the home - working on mV Biologg Project'

jamier Ugh, I hote 4 Biologg / the Biologg Listen, Ledh - I'm meeting Lgdio ot
s stotion / the stotion ot 3.30
- we're going to thot new cof6 in
6
South Street / the South Street. Would gou like to join us?
Sure! I'd love to! But I hove to finish mg project first l'll meet gou there
ot 4 00
L.:(!l):
lc!m1e: Greotl See Uou loter, then!

72
 Itouns, ortictes iI2
Compf ete with o I on, the or -.

Choose q word from the box ond complete the storg. Decide if gou need the
singulor or plurol form of the noun.

thief the man fdce the on the mouse on gloss / moneg o

Cqreful! Some gops need the some word so theg hove the sqme number.

AN UNUSUAL BANK ROBBERY by Matthew Vine

There was 1 9 fobbery in ABC bank, last week
lwas in the bank when tvvo tall 2 .. came in. They were wearing hats ono
dark 3 . They seemed a bit stnange but lthought: Maybe they,r.e fanrous,
tie/ do,lr warL peop e co see L,let-
Suddeny, thefe wds a lot of nose and llooked roufd. Guess what lsawl There were
four ittle grcy s in the middle of 6 rcom. people paaicked.
I eldery lady cimbed on her chaI scfeamng. Suddeny
bank menagen shouted: I ! They have taken al oun
lD l'llooked outsde and lsawtwo people runnng wth rl
or6nge bag tn their hands. They got into 12 white car and drove away fastl
They were the 2 .. wlth the hats and the 3 . lt was
13. clever tnck with the 5 ... I We were al looktng at them so no
onesaw14 ... two3 .. robbing the bank unti twa;bolatetodo
anlrn ng

Mg nome is I ond llive

Complete the sentences obout gou. in 2 (nome of countrg).
Mg countrg is in 3
Globolfriends.
(nome of continent). I con speol<
Write six things we should know obout gou. 1
. onc
... Mg fovourite scnool
subjects ore 6
 Quontityi some, ony, no, much,
mony,ofew,qlittle
Would gou like You got o lot of
some coke, Beth? presents, Peter!

now mong
ore there?

No coke for me, thonks. Eight, I think. Let's

I've olreodg hod some. open Lucg's first!

Erm... There's nothlng in How much moneg do I owe gou?

the box. lt's emptg.
lly',,en gou gwe
$e b6rk lhe
moheg gor,{ oNe
ne I'L bo abl.e
t, Dug u0l1
No, there's sowelhutg tor
d piece of laur b;u+hd,a4l
poper In rt.
You borrowed {20 to get o new CD
Whot does it sog? lost week ond gou hoven't given it
bock get, so I didn't hove ong
ri rliir Complete the tobles. moneg to bug gou o present!

some, ong, no

ffi
ffir We've got some biscuits. We've got some coke.
i*t1"t*:",j+ti] we t aor onu biscuits. We hqven't got ..... coke.

ffiffi.$ffi w"u"eo. i bi.,its.

hoven
We've got no cdke.

fiffi,.$ffi Hove we got ong biscuits? Hove we got... coke?

much, mong, o few, d little

Peter didn't get mong Presents. Lucg hosn't got much moneg.

.. .. mong presents did Peter get? How.. moneg hos LucA got?
Peter got o lot of / lots . . .... presents. Lucg's got.... lot of/ lots of moneg.

Peter got o few presents. Lucg's got o little moneg.

74
 Quontity: some, qrtl, no, much, mony, o few, o little

Reqd the informotion,

13
some, qny, no with positive verbs.
We use some, ong ond no with plurol There ore no letters for gou.
countoble nouns ond uncountoble nouns. (= There aren't ong letterc for gou.)
. \rye use some in positive sentences. . There's no juice in the fridge.
Il,ere dre some /ettefs for gou on the toble. (= Therc isn't ong juice in the fridge.)
Therc's some juice in the fridge.
someching / qngthing / nothing
. We dlso use some in questions, when we
offer something to someone, or when we
' We use some- ond no- in positive
senlences,
osk something from someone.
Come here. I wont to tell gou something.
Would gou like some teo?
We hod nowhere to go.
Con I have some woter, pleose? . We use dny- in nego[ive sentences ond
. We use ong in negotive sentences ond
questions.
questions.
She didn't sog angthing.
I didn't tdke ong photos.
There was nobodg I no one in the room.
There isn't ong soup left.
Did gou go angwhere lost night?
Did gou take ong photos?
Does ongone I anglodg know obout this?
Is there ong saup left?
. No meons'not one'or'not ong'. We use it

Compf ete with some, ong or no,

I Hcve we got .9f9 flour?
People: someone
2 Mum's just mode .. teo.
(o( somebodg), ongone
3 We con t moke poncokes. We ve got e99s
(or ongbodg), no-one
\ There oren't sondwiches left.
(or nobodg).
5 We need to bug milk.
Things: somethirg,
6 There ore .. opples in this bog. lt's emptg.
ongthjng, nothing.
7 ls there . cocoo for me?
Ploces: somewhere,
8 Would gou like pizzo?
ongwhete, nowhere.

Choose ond complete.

something -tfl4etrddt somewhere ongthing ongbodg dngwhere nothing nobodg

I There's somebodg ot the door. I think it's gour friend, Luke.

2 lsweor! ldidn't do I Kevin did itl
3 Did osk to see me?
4 She's going to toke us speciol on her birthdog. She hosn't told us where get.
5 There wos in the living room. Theg hod oll gone to bed.
6 Did gou go. on Soturdogi
7 I'm so hungrgl Come on, let's hove .. to eot.
There's . in this box. lt's emptg.
 Reod the informqtion.

d lot of Have \/'/e got much time?

We use d /ot of with countcble ond
uncountoble nouns, to tolk obout o lorge
number or o lorge quontitg.
There ore a lot of I lots ofvitdmins in
vegetobles.
He slends o lot of moneg on CDs
(not) much, (not) mong, How much?
How mong?
. We use not much ond not mong in negotive
sentences, to tolk obout o smoll number
or o smoll quontitg. We use not muah with
uncountoble nouns ond not mang wilh
plurol countoble nouns.
Hutg uP. We hoven't got much time
I hoven't got mong CDs.
. We con use much, mong, how much ond
how mdng in queslions, to osk obout
quontrfles,
Hove gou got mong CDs?
How much time hove we got?
How mong CDs have gou got?
. We often use o /ot in positive short
onswers ond not much I not mongin
negotive shortonswers.
A: How mang CDs hove gou got?
B: A lot!
A: How much time hove we got?
Bi Not much.
o little, o few
. A little meons 'some, but not much'.We
use it with uncountoble nouns.
l've got a little moneg. I con get the tickets
for the concett.
. A few meons 'some, but not mong'. We use
it with plurol countoble nouns.
We've got a few egE. Let's make on
ome/ette.

, Compfete with how much ot how mong.fhen circle the correct onswer'
bugl gr one. /@
1 4, f]gw mqgh . breod did gou
2 At . peoPle did she invite to the portg? B: Not much / A lot!
I A: moneg hove gou spent? B: Not much / Not mong'
4 A: honeg is there in thdt jorl Bl Not mong / A lot!
5 A: .. glosses of mill< do gou drinl< everg dog? B: One / Not much
5 A: salt do gou put on gour food? B: Not much / Not mong'
7 Ar eggs do we need? B: Not much / Not mdng'
8 A: . .. comPuter gomes hove Uou got? B: Fifteen / Not much

Compfete with o few or o little'

I Don t worrg. This wrll onlg toke o fefr minutes
2 Con I osk gou questions?
3 The soup needs more solt ond pePPer.
4 Grdcie's going to stog with her grondmother for '. dogs
5 I've got time. I con help gou with gour homework.
5 Now odd lemon iuice to the souce
7 l'll come with gou. But there ore things I need to do first'
8 'l'1ore teo?' 'lust , thonk gou.

TO
 .: -1,1,

Quontity: some, ory, n o, much, mdny, o few, a tittte l:,13

Reod ond complete.

EAT WELL. STAY HEALTHY

ls there anything you'd I ke to know about the things you eat of df nk?
Just ask Dn Emma Evansl Let's have a ook atths week's questons.
Bob: 1 flOlv :tll'gli sugar s there ln a g ass of co a?
Dn Evans: Thefe's 2. . . sugar n colal We shouldn't drink 3 coa.
It's not hea thy.
Alicer 4.. vtamins are thene n harnburgers?
Dr Evans: Therearen't5.. .. ... vtamins in hambungens [onyvtamin A] But
thenes 6 .. . fatl So be carefull
Maria: . calonies are there in a piece of chocolate cake?
Dn Evans: There are a caofies n chocolate c6ke, Therc ane 235 caones n
just one a piece of c8kel
Alex: I .. fat is there in a glass of mik? ro .. giasses of mik
should I drink eveny day?
Dr Evans Thene sn't 1' .. .. fat in mlk. Mlk is realy good for you and you can
dn nk lE .. . . g asses every day - but no more than thTee. you need
variety in your everyday diet

.''li l'
'"''"'i"l
Reod ond write.
Reod Lucg's diorg. Now imogine things were completelg different. Reploce the underlined words
ond phroses with their opposite ond write obout Lucg's horrible dogl

Deir DiLer!,
Dear Diat),
I ha.d o" 1 wond,.erluL a-44 ladotJl
a hdd a I horrible dq +oda)l
FxsL, I wenL tD lhe pMk vrUh 6A ftie^d,'.
-lltere L hrs+, l- wen+ +o +he parK wi+h Yn)
wexe LoLs ol pe/tpLe be<*use the +r,ends There I weren+ 6an) pecple
Nedher wds ) t*ntasttct. -fre*e
a was t wt a+ ,r\n'hL e erd a *dt rz^-4
5 p4to. We 6 LaLt a+ i.z ueLrn, Ne
^+z
pr04e4 a l2L a{ qaJr,e' o!,a t*,e" br.
d,PAAzd, tD go lb the cbRno".
there b wuen'L naml peopLe to we
to
' An'L spend q4!h tirn. L Ihet1qt e1 e. tt
wo"e o, s.iehce tirion fum, iL ha.d, lL
^Ad"
@! 9f sperLoJ e{+e<B. lL N^5 rea!14
1z br.j.l).o.hLt.

77
14 Detenminers cnd pronouns

Whot obout these photos for the Look, Beth! All of these photos
ofticle on brothers ond sisters? show brothers ond sisters.

\,/
i- ' --\ 15
\'l l*J

Both of them ore prettg, but neither

of them hos got ongthing to do with None of them is
people. These ore photos of treesl verg interesting!

Peter mog hote it but

evergone else will love it!

Complete the tobles.

cre preftg.

wos good.

(o0 lhese photos show brothers ond sisters.

them
of the books wos Interestrng.

t6
 Reod the informqtion.

Both / Neither All / None

We use bot, ond neithel'to tolk obout two We use o/l ond none to tolk obout more thon
things or people. Both meons 'one ond the two things or people. A// meons 'everg one
other'. Neither meons 'not one or the otner . of. None meons 'not ang of,

. both + plurol noun + plurol verb: . oll (of) +

noun + plurolverb: A/t (of) her
Both T-shirts ore nice.
friends ore going to her portg.
. both of + plurol noun / pronoun *
plurol . o//of+ pronoun + plurolverb
verb: Both ofthese l-shirts ore nice. All of them ore going to her portg.
Both of them ore nice. . none of + noun / pronoun + singulor /
. neither + singulor noun * singulor verb plurol verb:
Neither dress iooks good. None ofthe girls ,kes / Iike pop music.
. neither of + singulor noun / pronoun + None of them likes I like pop music.
singulor / plurol verb.
. Neither ofthese dresses /ooks / /ook good.
Neither of them looks I look good.

Complete with both or neither.

I l\19iLh9l. of them wonts to come to the concert. Theg hote this bond.
2 book were verg interesting. You should reod them.
3 of them were ill, so theg stoged ot home.
4 I'm sorrg but.. onswer is right. Trg agoin.
5 of these jockets ore too expensive. I con,t buu them.
5 of them come to che pong becouse cheg wer-e busg.
7 of the films were good. Theg were reollg boring.
8 We've got two computers but .. of them ore reollg old.

Adom qnd Eric ore identicql twins, Look ot their onswers ond complete with
both of them or neither of them.
Questioh Adom Eric
I Do gou live in London? No No
2 Hovy 9!d 9q9 gqli 1L 1L
3 Are gou o good student? yet te5
4 D9 gorl pl99.q lrlqslcgl tnsq!me!1!l No No
5 qo 9og llkg pop m,u!!cl No No
! Dojo! 9p9g! 919 {greign lolguoges? ye, '{ es
7 Hove gou got o computer ot home? No No

I NeiLher af Lhem lives in London.

2 .. ore twelve geors otd.
3 ore good students.
1 plogs o musicol instrument.
5 tikes pop music
5 speok rwo foreign longuoges.
7 . hos o computer ot home. 79
 I

Complete with oll or none,

',iiili
WowlAre.gll .. these flowers for me?
I

2 ... of mg friends Phone me dn9 more l'm so lonelg!

3 . of these idckets fit. Theg're too smoll.
\ We didn't find ongwhere to stog. . the hotels were full'
5 of the students possed the exom. lt wos too difficult.
6 We hod o fdntostic time! And we visited the museums in the citg'
7 lcouldn't onswer ... .. the questions in the test lonlg onswered two
8 .. of us dre reodg get Con't gou woit for five more minutesl

f;,ifl,1 r-oot< ot trre toble ond complete with oll or none.

Look what we've found fon You!

You ask. we find,
1 wan+ +o bu\ o d,3i+aL camel-o C,jln )otr fird se a loo 6 aPixel d\sera +r''\t s Socd bu+
nc;r +etribl) exPensive? Oh, and.ah + be red?
Chris, e
\rye've found three camerastnai mlgm Interest you l All of them cost
between €1OO -12O, so the prce is night They
2.. have a large LCD
scneen, so you can see the photos you have taken more cleady tlnfortunately,
3 .. of them comes n red. They 4.. .. come n grey oa black The
other bad news ls that 5 .. . of them is 10 megopixe s [lo O megapixel
cameras are more expensivel 6 cameras come with a built-in flash

Riva SP"23O SuPerpix 3OO Greatshot series I

Price €1OO E11O E12A
Megapixels B.O fi Bo
Large LCI' screen Yes Yes Yes
Built in flash yes Yes Yes
Colours black,/grey black/grey black/grey

,tii Reqd the informotion.

One, ones
. We con use orle insteod of rePeoting o singuldr countoble noun'
This sondwi.h is for me ond that one's for gu
. We con use ones insteod of repeoting o Plurol noun.
I don't like these shoes but I like those ones-
. We often use one/ones with which in questions.
There ore two books on the desk Which one is youts?
There ore lots of books on the desk. Which ones ore gouts?

80
 Determiners ond pronouns iJ 4
:' Complete with one or ones.
I A: Do gou like these eorrings? B: No. But I lil<e those 9199
2 A: This computer's reollg slow! B: I know. We need to bug q new
3 A: Which gloves should I weor? B: The block
4 A: There ore two bogs. Which 's goursi B: The red
5 A: Which shirt ore gou going to weor to the portg? B: This
5 Ar Don't bug these boots bug those B: I con't. Theg're too expensive.
7 A: Those CDs cre Emmo's. B: Are these .. hers, tool
I A: Thot's Fred's house over there. B: Which 7

' Complete with one word.

Sophie: Are gou getting reodg for the concert?
Lucg: Yes. Peter, Horrg ond Beth ore here. Theg're I 9{1 .. wolting for me ond lcon't
find ongthing to weor! | don't like the red dress ond the green 2 is too short.
Sophie: Whg don't gou weor one of the two dresses gou bought lost week? 3 . of them
ore reollg nice.
Lucg: Well, a of them is cleon. Mum hosn't woshed them get.
Sophie: Oh, I know!You con weor gour blue dress.
Lucg: 5 .. one? l've got
three blue dresses.
Sophie: The 6 ... with the white flowers.
Lucg: Oh, thot 7 . Yes, thot's o greot ideo!
Sophie: I'm sure gou'll look greot. But don't weor gour block shoes with thot. Weor the white
I
Lucg: Thonks, Sophie! You've been o big helpl

, irt , tl
, t, ,.t

Join the sentences using bof,h, neither, qll, none ond one. Then complete Lucg's
e-moil to her cousin in Austroliq.
I Sophie is verg prettg. Beth is verg prettg.
2 Beth is the girl with the brown hoir. Sophie is the blonde girl.
3 Sophie goes to this school. Beth goes to this school. I go to this
scnoot.
4 | love music. Beth loves music. Sophie loves music.
5 Sophie hos o good singing voice. Beth hos o good singang voice.
6 Sophie doesn't think I'm good. Beth doesn't think l'm good.

I've got t\/o good friends, S0phie and Beth. 1 BaLh of Lhen ore very Pret\ | as you
2
can see in the photo.
but we aren't in the same class. Beth is in my brotheas class.
4 and listen t0 CDs together alt the time. We Often say
that we shOuld start our own pop gr0up: 5 . and Sophie
can play the piano. I can't sing but I can play the violin. Ljnfortunately,
o so I think t,ll probably be the group,s managerl
4 B't
 Reflexive pronouns, eoch other

.d.{|lllll,
WHAT TYPE OF OUEST ARE YOU?
At parties:
1 Do you Lrsually:
A enjoy yourself?
B sit in a corner snd look at the others?
C eat, drink and go home?
2 Your friend has nvlted somebody you don't llke
A You say it's OK. lt's her party, aftef all
B You sit by yourself and feel upset
C YoLJ start a fght and you end up shouting at each othen
3 At the buffet:
A You eat a little of everyihing.
B You don't eat anythlng because you only eot youn Mum's food
C You help yourself to as much food as you can
4 When it is time to dance:
A yot-r dance wth the shiest boy,/ girl intheroom
B you hide yourself n the darkest corner'
C you tum on the TV and watch your favoufite programme
5 The music rs:
A greatl You are ihe DJ and you've got all the latest hitsl
B owful! You complain to the DJI
C bofing! You tunn on youn personal stereol
6 When its time to leavel
A you thank your friend for the lovely party
B you go away when nobody is looking
C you tell yourself you will never go to another party.

^,*","l!l"i,Jllill
"," i$anb l.a}Jad .ql nol
aJ
::B::#;:Bl:l:fH
asvalou no^ a^eH
rcE

ffi Complete the toble.

mgself

90u
he himself
her herself
itself
us ourselves

90u gourselves
theg themselves

82
 Reflexive pronouns. eoch other
F
Reod the informotion.
1 c
Reflexive pronouns . with bg, to meon 'olone', 'without help from
We use reflexive pronouns: dngone e,se .
. when the subiect ond obiect ore the some She wentto the cinema bg herself.
Person / thing. (She went olone. Nobodg went with her.)
She cut herseill I burnt mgself. He mode dinner oll bg himself.
' with these verbs: enjog (gour)self (= hove (Nobodg helped him.)
fun), behove (gour)set11= be polite dnd not
Be coreful: when the subject ond obiect ore
couse trouble), helP fgouf)seif(= toke
different, we use object pronouns (me, him,
something thot gou wont).
her, etc.). Compore:
Did gou Lwo enjog gourse/ves ot Lgnni
She cut rhe coke. + She cut ir. (fhe subject
Partg (sfie) ond object (it) ore different.)
StoP thot, Carl! Behove goutselfl
She cut hersefl (fhe subject ond obiect ore
'Con I hdve some more juice?' 'Of course.
the some person.)
Help gourself.'

Complete with q reflexive pronoun.

I Anne slipped on the ice ond hun .heflelf
2 Stop shouting, both of gou! Behove ... I

3 We hoven't got our kegs. We've locked . . out.

4 Dove looked ot in the mirror ond stofted loughing.
5 Did theg enjov . ot the picnicl
5 Look ot thot ktrten. lt s woshing
7 Amg, there's more ice creom in the freezer. Go on, help
8 Emmo cut with the breod knife.
q Nothon ond Connor never behove . in closs.
l0 | helped ... to some more coke.

Complete with bg ond o reflexive pronoun.

I MV brother is twentg-seven. He lives bg hinrlqlf
2 Did Soroh decorole rhe whole house
3 Of course l'll help gou, Leoh! You con't corrg oll those book
4 No, bogs. lt's post midnight. You cdn't go out
We found our wog bock here oll
5 I con't cleon the house oll . I'm going to need some help.
7 Fred moved oll the furniture
8 lwos oll .. .. in the house. Evergone hod gone out.

83
 r- ,1r. I Il
15
Reod ond complete with o reflexive pronoun.

Hi, Horrgl Where cre gou?

ilr;rrir: I'm ot the zoo with mg ount ond mg twin cousins, Jomes ond Ellie.
Goodl Are 9ou en;oging I 119{f99li ?
l-dfrrJ: Yes, it's greotl
Are the twins behoving 2
iicr rrjl Not reollg. First, Jomes tried to climb one of the trees ond he fell ond hurt 3
but foftunatelg it wosn't serious. Then Ellie wonted to toke o photo of I ond
dropped mg comerd. lt broke, I'm ofroid! How obout gou?
I just colled to osk when gou're going to be ct home. l've monoged to lock s
out of the house ond evergone's out!
i J,::r r";: l'll be bock in one hour but gou con let 6 into mg house. There's o keg under
the big green box in the gorden. We keep it there for emergencies.
Thcnks, motelYou're greotl Con I help 7 to some biscuits, os well? l'm
storving!
i lci!,-i: Yes, fine, but sove some for me, tool

Circle the correct qnswer.

I Oh, I'm sorrg. Were gou tolking to@/ mgself?
2 We reollg enjoged us / ourselves on thot trip.
3 Katie cut her / herself while she wos preporing rhe vegetobles.
4 Tol<e on umbrello with gou / gourselt lt might rain.
5 Yes, Mum! | will behove me / mgselll
6 M9 dod pointed the whole house bg him / himself.
7 Thot's Eleno. I met her / herself in Borcelono two geors ogo.
I lf gou wont onother cup of cocoo, just help gou / gourself.
q Will gou help us / ourselves, T'm?
l0 No, Miss! ldidn't huft him / himselfl He's lgingl

Reqd the informqtion.

Eoch other
. Compore mgse/f, gourse/i etc. ond eoch othef:
Lucg looked at didn't look ot ongbodg else.)
herself in the mirrcr. (She
Lucg ond Beth looked aL each other. (LucA looked ot Beth ond Beth looked ot Lucg.)
. We use o plurolverb with edch othef.
Horrg loves Bello ond Bello loves Harrg. Bello ond Horrg love eoch other.

84
 Reflexive pronouns. eocl, ot ,er

Rewrite the sentences. l)se eoch other.

Peter wos shouting ot Lucg ond Lucg wos shouting ot peter.
P.9191.9nd Ly.g wer? {out4g
91 9o9k 9.!kp.r.
He's looking ot her ond she's looking ot him.

3 Rgon doesn't tolk to Kgle ond Kgle doesn't tolk to Rgon.

4 Erin wos looking ot Vickg ond Vickg wos looking ot Erin.

5 | trust him ond he trusts me.

6 Jenng doesn't know Lewis ond Lewis doesn't know Jenng.

tl,l'lilt Complete with q reflexive pronoun or edch other.

A: ls she gour friend? Bi Yes. we've known goch.gLhPl .. .. .. for geors.
2 Ar ls Kim coming with gou? B: No. We're going b9
3A: Whg is Ben crgingl B: He fell off his bike ond hurt
A: Did gou see him lost night? B: No. We hoven't seen . for week.
5 A: We both went to the concert. B: And? Did gou enjog .. ... .. ?
6 A: Are gou two close? B: Yes. We tell evergrntng.
7 A: Do gou often see Beckgl B: No. But we often write !o
8 A: Con I hove some more coke? B: Of course. Help

ffi Answer the questions. Use reflexiye pronouns.

I Your friend is cutting breod with o shorp knife but he is lool<inq out of the kitchen window.
Whot will gou sog to him?
1.'6 Be coreful! you'll cut uowself!
2 Whot do gou usuollg do ot portiesl
(enjog) |
...
3 Your Mum sogs there's o good film on TV but nobodg wonts to wotch it. Whot will qour
Mum do?
(wotch) She will
4 Your dod slipped ond fell. Whot will qou osk him?
(hurt) Dod,
5 Your clossmotes ore moking o lot of noise ond the teocher hos iust wolked in.
Whot must theg do?
(behove) Theg
6 Your friend hos come to visit. There ore some cookies on qour desk.
Whot will gou tell her?
(help) Pleose,

85
 Adjectives qnd odverbs,
componson

-l.l r
INTERESTING FACTS!

An ostr ch's eye is bigger Human teeth are almost as The giant squid has the
than its brainl hard as rocksl lafgest eyes in the wor dl

!i:ls3ji-gl
l*J.5"j*.!&!l
&ia-l"5:iil|
|Jl-!E
Toena ls grow nea.ly four The most common etter ln Hot water s heavier than
times more slowly than the Fngllsh alphabet ls e'. coto waret
flngernails. The most nare is the letter 'q .

tiik Complete the tobles.

Adiectives

s-ffi
hord horder (thon) the hdrdest
big bigg .. (thon)
rorge ldqa6 rhdn

heovg heovier..... ....... heoviest

bedutiful more beoutiful thon the mosr beoutiful
expens|ve expensive thon .. .... ..... most expensive
better the best
ooo the worst

Adverbs

{I,tffi
quicklg more quicldg thon the most quicklg
srow9 slowlg thon the. . .......... slo g
noro horder thon the hordest
fost foster.. ...... thefost........ .....
well better thon the best

66
 Adjectives ond odverbs, clmporison

f7 neoa the informqtion.

Compqrotive ond superlqtive forms of

odjectives
Use
. We use the compcrotive form of
odiectives to compore ovo people or
things.
. We r-rse the superlotive form of odiectives
to compore three or more people or
things.
Form
. To form the comporotive form of short
odiectives, we odd -er (thon). To form tne
comporotive form of long odiedives, we
Horrg's taller than Peter.
This book is more interesting thon thot one.
To form the superlotive form of short
odjectives, we use the + -est. To form the
superlotive form of long odjedives, we use
the most + odiective.
Amg is the tdllest gr, in our c/oss.
Ihis is the most expensive dfess in the shop.
These odjectives ore irregulor;
good + better I the best

use more + odiective (+ thon).

bod + worse I the worst

ffi Complete the toble.

old older 0loesl

eosg
rmportont
sofe
good
funng
dificult
thin
ooo
PoPurdr

(ih n""a qnd complete. Use the comporotive or the superlotive. Then do the quiz
ond check gour onswers.

rl- 87
/1,,
al Reod the informotion.

Adverbs of monner
Use
. Adjectives describe d thing or person . Fdst ond hord cdn be odjectives or
He's o bod ploger. She's o good wtiter. odverbs. He rurs fost.
. Adverbs of monner describe on oction. He's o fost tunner.
Theg tell us how someone does
something:
Comporotive qnd superlotive forms of
He Plags bodlg. She writes well.
odverbs
. To form the comporotive form of odverbs
Form thot end in -ig, we use more + odverb
. To form odverbs of monner, we odd -lg to
(+ thon).
on odiective: slo/g thon Nikki.
She works more
quiet + quietlg . To form the superlotive form of odverbs
slou/+ slowlg thot end in -lg, we use the most + odverb.
quick + quicklg
Vol works the most slowlg of us oll .
. These odverbs dre irregulor. We do not . Hdrd ond fost ore different:
form them with -lg: hord ) hardet + the hodest
good ) well
fdst + foster i
the fostest
fdst + fdst . Well ond bodlg dre irregulor:
hotd ) hard
weri + better + the best
. Adverbs of mdnner come ofter the verb: ) worse + the worst
badlg
He works hard.

llli'' see sPelling rules on poge 14 |

complete with odverbs.

I She ote her dinner 4!i9kl9 ... ond went to bed. (quick)
2 Ben studied verg for his exoms. (hord)
3 She's French but she con speok English verg ... .. (good)
\ His fother looked ot him .. ... .. (ongrg)
5 This is verg impoftont. Listen . (coreful)
6 Heg! Woit! Don't wolk so I (fost)
7 Theg ploged verg .. ond lost the gome. (bod)
8 Fiono sings . . (beoutiful)

'''
:ll;lt' Cir<le the correct onswer'
I I'm sorrg, lcon't help gou right now. I'm@/ busilg.
2 I'm tired. I didn't sleep verg good / well lost night.
3 'Theg've gone to bed,' she soid quiet / quietlg.
4 We need o new computer. This one's verg slow / slowlg.
5 Thot wos o bod / bodlv ideo ofter oll.
6 He wosn't speoking verg cleor / cleorlg. I couldn't understond whot he wos soging.
7 Wowl You lool< beoutiful/ beoutifullg in thdt dress!
8 Bge, Eric. Drive sofe / sofelg.

d6
 A{iectives ond odverbs ,
"o oori*n
ffi
ffi Complete with the comporqtive.
Peter's morks weren't verg good. He,s thinking obout whot I will listen to the
he
con do to do better ot school. teocheT more
I I will listen to the teocher fiq!".e 9a!'gff.ll9 . (ccretullg;
2 I will work . (hord)
3 | will do mg homework .... . (regulorlg)
4 I will write .... ... . (neotlg)
5 lwill behqve .. .. in closs. (well)
6 lwilltoke school . .. ... . (seriousrg2
W Reod the informotion.

Compfete with os ,.. os or not cE ,.. qs.

I Our house Fl.l! q9..bls 99 . . ... gours. (big) X
2 The blue T-shirt..ll q! nagS 99... .. the red one. (nice) y'
3 Golf .. ... skiing. (exciting) X
4 This gome .... . thot one. (good) X
5 l4g computer. . ..gours. (fost) y'
5 Anno .. her sister. (shg) y'
7 This book ... ..... . . . thot one. (interesting) X
I The first exercise ... the second one. (eosg) y'
(:ffi Complete the second sentence so thot it meqns the sqme qs the first. Use no
more thon three words.
Dogs ore friendlier thon cots.
Cots oren't 9F t!9.Ill.g o9.. .. dogs.
Mg bog is hewier thon gours.
Your bog isn'r mtne.
Dione is beoutiful ond Morg is beoutiful, too.
Dione is . ... ... .. .. os Mcrg.
Mike runs foster thon Horrg.
Horrg doesn't run ... .... ..
..... Mike.
Art is more interesting thon Historg.
Historg is os Art.
Pete ploged worse thon Dovid.
Dovid didn't pldg .. os pete.
This test wos difficult ond the lost one wos, too.
This test wos os .. ... . .. tne lost one.
Dolphins ore more intelligent thon shorks.
Shorks oren't .... dolphins.
89
t!!ij!t a""a the informotion'
Too, not ,.. enough
. We con use too cnd enough with
odjectives and odverbs. foo meons 'more
thon Vou need'. Not ... etough meons 'less
thon gou need'. We use:
. too + odjective / odverb + infinitive:
I'm too busg to help him tight now. (l'm
verg busg, so I con't help him right now.)
She sings too bodlg to be d pop stofl (She
sings verg bodlg, so she con't be o pop
stor.)
. not + odjective / odverb + enough +
infinitive
I'm not toll enough to reach thot shelf.
(l'm not toll, so I con't reoch thot shelf)
She didn't work hord enough to pass the
test. (She didn't work hord, so she didn't
poss the test.)

l(ilit Join the sentences. Use foo.

I'm verg tired. I con't go out. 5 Grondod's verg old. He con't plog footboll with us.
l'n .taa..ti( .e.4 ta go quL.
He wos verg ongrg. He couldn't speok. 6 Jenng's verg busg. She con't come with us.

Ello wos verg excited. She couldn't sleep. 7 YoLt're verg goung. You con't drive.

He works verg slowlg. He won't finish 8 She plogs verg bodlg. She con't be in our teom.
the project bg Mondog.

1;t ,ar" t| "',t

ffi ,oin the sentences. Use not ... enough' ,,

He isn't verg toll. He con't be o bosketboll ploger. He isn't toll enough to be o

bosketball Ploget. y'
l,l !?1.'L latt lnqugh !q.k9 g.Fgskgtball P.t9g?l. ..
I'm not verg strong. I con't move this toble. ti*e*-€r€cah+€#+o+e-€
b€skrba$+ldger= X
Lucg doesn't plog the violin verg well. She con't be o musicidn.

MU bog isn't verg big. lt con't hold oll these books

Kevin isn't verv fit. He con't be on othlete.

He doesn't run verrt fost. He con't win the roce.

7 Amg didn't feel verg well. She couldn't go to school.

8 Theg didn't work verg hord. Theg didn't pdss the test.

g0
 Adiectives ond odverbs , comporison
ffi ,

:, Rewrite the sentences os in the exomples. Use

the word in brockets.
I Our living room is too smoll to hold thirtg people. (big)
..9':r. tlyins r.99.F irr)t kis 9r9,ts| lq.h9t4
lhilts. pgepti
2 This bog is too heovg to corrg. (ight)

3 Dod didn't feel well enough to

9o to work gesterdog. (ill)

4 The documentorg wosn't interestjng enough to wotch.

(boring)

5 lt is too cold to swim todog. (worm)

6 The mon wosh't colm enough to speok quietlg. (ongrg)

lll Choose q word from the box ond complete. Use

the correct form: comporotive
suPerlqtive, too + odiective, odiective + ."""gf, /
o" ,". ii" word qs it is.
toll Fsf bod well long slow
READERS' CORNER
Write something interesting we should know about you.

t* t .. fr.1
!9?t":( . 7 ..
mg farnr.tg | | .a^ e.^L"a+o ^ ',
,Lo ;
l am e.ra.ilJ . .. ... q l cohl sihg uerg
Wo " ... ..... .... ...,butl\e
o" pt
ol
.ou5in, Mar.y - r,r, aro both l,i6m
pasLe ix, 1 tni,-l 6t\d" I
vre gh eucil1 ihe same znd our ooh d prize! Irras itsunhr€r
15 te<.ohd,. M1 dad-, on ';
b rthday is on iho oamr dal Her hair cohlp, too geors ogo ohd ore
Ue alher ho$,&, ?a.Ls
z. ... ...... .........6- tn LLl
,., . is euzlll 4.. .. ....... .mJ euehing, o€ hod dsihgil1g

YesbtaAU, he ttaxtal eal]o1g ' hair and sht ha5 grorn rJe5, like mr cohpetltiohJustforfut, Alt
a, 56Jr t:t h 6L 4 -3O ahd- And, 1es, zs ,1ou can see, vre ever the oth€rs uret€
.fr^|6hQi d aL 5.i5! nava 1ne 5 nN nafit) .. l@os, so
OUNer, 13 : Mzij, 14 I won!
ri r' :r
Jonothoh,
"i 12

tfff writ" qbout gou.

I Who is the most ihteresting person gou know?

2 Write two things gou do better thon gour friend.

Complete the phroses so thot theg ore true for gou:

rm os. ...
.. os mq mother. I,m not os
.. os mg fother.
Write two things gou oren,t old enou-gh ro oo get.

5 Write two things gou ore too old to do ongmore.

9l
 Prepositions

ARE YOU TOO BUSY TO EXERCISE? bus at the next stop instead of the one

Don't just sit there and feel bad about

yourseLfl Do somethlng nowl
Hefe are some suggestions:
ljse the sta rs, not the Iiftl Don t lust go
dowl fip sta'-sl Go up L\e sta rs as wel
Don't s t in front of the ry at weekends!
Go to the park or fof a Long wa k wth a
friend. Rememberl You cannot eat hot
dogs or ice-cream on Your way back!
Get up ten minutes earier ln the mornlng
and walk to school.
lf the schoo's ioo faf, you can catch the
lf you don't have a bicycle, talk to youn
parents and ask for one as a birthday
prcsent You'll go everyryhere fastea and
you'll be fitter than everl
/
Are you nterested in football basketball
/ vo leyb6ll? Find a sport you llke ano
become rcaly good at it. You will get lots of
exerc se and you wi I also teel pfoud of
yourself when you scorel
On cold and rainy days, listen to your
favourite mus c and danceL []'m sure you
iked this onell

ffit Reod the tqbles.

O,n on Tuesddg
in the mornlng ot six o'clock
in front ot
Q in the summer ot night on | 5th Mog
ffi next to in Februorg ot the weekend on Tuesdog morning
4lt opPosrte
in 2007 ot the moment on Christmos Dog
!f,
ffiOffi u"*""n

&.,
ffi u"nina

| ffi, neor

@ und".

ffiQffiffi,o ",s
92
 Prepositions

Reqd the informqtion.

Prepositions of ploce Prepositions of time

. We use in, on, ot, in ftont of, behind, next
to, neor, opposite, under, between and
omong (prepositions of ploce) to sog
where someone or something is.
. We olso use prepositions of ploce in these
phroses: ot home, at school, ot work, ot
.ollegelunivetsitg, ot the cinemolzoo, ot the
door
on the leftlright, on the firctlsecond floor
in bed, in hospitol, in prison, in Spain/
London lChino
lon is at home. He's in bed.
Mum's ot wotk.
Our room is on the fr6tfloor.
. We sog: in West Street BUT ot 15 West
Street.
. We use in with ports of the dog (ir the
morning/eveningl oftemoon), months (i''
./onuorg), seosons (in the summer) ond
georc (in 2006).
We bought this cor in lonuorg.
I wos born in 1994.
. We use dt for times (ot five o'clock, at
midnight) ond in these time phroses: dt
night, ot the weekend, ot the momenL at
Christmas, ot Eoster.
. l'llpickgou up at thrce o'clock. MrW son
is busg ot the moment.
. We use or with dogs (on Sundog, on mg
birthddg) ond dotes (on lsth February).
. Be coreful: we sog:
. in the moming BUf on Mondog morning
. qt Christmos BUf on Christtnos Dog

Circle the correct onswer.

Mum s ot /@the kitchen. She s moking breokfosr.
I

2 There's someone ot / on the door.

3 Whg is Cosmo hiding omong / under the choir?
4 There's o big dpple tree between / in front of our house.
5 The girl stonding omong / behind Fronk is mg cousin Beckg.
5 The theotre is neor / next to the Chinese resrouron{.
7 Do gou live neor / next the troin stotion?
I The librorg is opposite / ot our school.
q Who's thot bog sitting omong / between Emmo ond Kellg?
t0 Mg sister wos ill, so she stoged ot / in bed.

Complete with qt, in or on,

I Ai Con I speok to Milce, pleosel B: No, l'm sorrg. He's busg 9l the moment.
2 Ar Will gou be here Sundog? B: No. I olwogs visit mg cousins the weekend.
3 A: So, when ore gou leoving? B: .. the 25th ofjonuorg.
\ A: ls gour birthdog Mog? B: No - it's August.
5 A: Whot time did Kim phone gou? B: holf post three, I think.
6 A: When did gou lost see him? B: .. Fridog evening.
7 A: lll wol<e gou up srx. OK? Br Ah! | hote getting up eorlg the morning!
I A: Wowl ls thot gour comero? B: Yes. M9 dod gove ir to me . mg birthdog.

93
1i
''i.., Reqd the informotion.

Prepositions of movement

E into .il out of

',(\ onlo tr
A, ocross /t,, drong

tuP down

.-r l
f+! r.o.... to 1V round

. We often use prePositions of movement with verbs thot show movement, e'9 come, 90,
wolk, run, jum|, etc.
Who's thot bog coming down the stais? Do 9u olwags wolk to school?

ir i, Choose ond complete.

glcn$' down from to (x2) out of into (x2) uP

I lt's o beoutiful dog. Come on, let's 9o for o wolk 919119.. the river'
2 Beth took o comero.. her bog ond storted toking photos.
3 How for is it .. gour house . . the cinemo?

4 We couldn't get the house becouse we didn't hove the keg'

5 George fell . .. the stoirs ond broke his leg.
5 The dog jumped the river ond storted swimming.
7 Ben ond Eric climbed the lodder to the tree house
8 We went .. o fontostic new Chinese restouront on Leoh's birthdog'

Reod, choose ond comPlete.

otx} 6 on next to of in x2
out

ncrr9: Hi, Muml Hove gou been | .!9 . the suPermorket?

Mrs Dovis: Yes, I hove. Could gou pleose helP me with the shoPPing?
ncrr9: Yes, of course.
llrs Dovis: Toke the opples 2 this bog ond put them
l the big brown bowl.
florr!l: Where is it? | con't see it.
Mrs Dovis: Oh, it's in the cupboord
{ . the fridge
tidrru; OK. ifound it! Oh, Mum, lwonted to osk gou something. Are gou doing ongthing
.. Soturdog morning?
Mrs Dovis: Ithink l'm free. I know I'm going to the theotre
6 the evening with Uour
ooo.
11crrg: Peter's mum soid she'd drive us to the gome bLlt now she con't She will be
work oll dog on Soturdog. Could gou pleose drive us?
Mrs Dovis: Yes, fine, but I must be bock
8 three o'clock. OK?
|-1crrg: Greot! Thonks, Mum!

94
 Prepositions

Reod the informotion.

Verb + preposition
We use o preposition ofter some verbs. Some of these
verbs ore:
osk (someone) obout tell (someone) obout (something)
osk (someone) for thonk (someone) for
Delong to think obout
forget obout wdit fol
Irsten to worrg obout
look ot wtite to
tolk (to someone) obout
Whg are gou looking ot me?
Thot cot belongs to Mr Smith.
I love listening to music.
Adiective + preposition
We use o preposition ofter some odjectives. Some of
these odjectjves ore:
ofraid of fond of
angrg dbout (something) god ot
ongg with (someone) interested in
Doal ot ken on
boted with proud of
.oteful with readg fol
crozg obout tned of
different ftom worried obout
Liso is oftoidof spiderc.
I'm not verg good ot tennis.
Ddd wos verg onEg vrith Vol.

tl'i/l loin the sentences.

lf gou ore bored o obout it. lt wos nothing.
2 He's verg different b obout the coke in the oven. lt burnt.
3 This book belongs c of mg cousin, Mike. He,s olwogs kind to me.
4 Diono is ofroid d obout cots. She's olreodg got three.
5 l'm verg fond e on music. He s got hundreds of CDs.
6 Pleqse don't worrg
f from his sister. Theg don't like the some things.
7 Tom is verg keen g of mice. She screoms if she sees one
8 l'm tired h with this gome, we should stop ploging.
I She wos on the phone dnd she forgot
i of woiting. I'm going homel
t0 Joon is crozg j to John. I gove it to him on his birthdog.

Y5
titi!ttt,
'4i!,! Complete with o prePosition.
Theg were tolking 9P9{l lost week's test.
2 Look. thot pdinting. lsn't it beoutiful?
3 Kote told me oll .. her triP to London.
She hod o greot time.
Dove osked me . some moneg, but I

didn't hove ong.

5 Thot shop belongs l1r Allon, Eve's uncle
6 Have gou thonked llott .. his present get?
7 | don't see her verg often but we write eoch
other once o week.
8 You look worried. Whdt ore gou thinking . .. ?
I Heg!Are Uou listening me?
l0 Hurrg up. Vickg ond Soroh ore woiting us

ffit Complete with q prePosition.

I A: Are gou ofroid of . sPiders? B: No. But I thinl< theg're disgusting!
2 A: Whg is Emmo ongru .. Bob? B: Becouse he lied to her'
3 A: Con I borrow gour comero? B: Yes. But be verg cdreful .. .. it
4 Ai Whot were gou doing ot ten? B: lwos getting reodU bed
5 A: f4um, I possed the test! B: Well done! l'm verg proud .. gou!
5 A: She's olwogs been interested. Art B: I know. She wonts to be on ortist
7 A l'm not verg keen their music. B: Reollg? I thinl< theg're fontostic'
I A: I'm tired this gome! B: Me too. Come on, let's listen to some music
9 A: Does she like cots? B: Like them? She's crozg .. them!
l0 Ar l'm reollg bod ceogrophg! B: l'4e too.
t:tlil,t Complete with o prePosition.
"'1,)

A: Where's Corol?
B: She's I i! ... her room. She's studging for her Geogrophg test
A: lsn't she coming 2 the cinemo?
{
B: No. She sogs she wonts to stog . .
3 home cnd studg. She's verg worried
thot test.
A: Reollg? But she's olwogs been verg good s Geogrophg
B: I know. I'm sure she'll do verg well this time' too. Well, ot leost she's coming to Jdne's birthddg
portg 6 .. Soturdog.
A: Oh, good. So, sholl we woit 7 .. Ben or is he going to meet us
8 the
stotion?
q l0
A: His mum's going to drive him the stotion, so he'll meet us there 5tx.

B: OK. Let's go, then.

g6
 Preposilions

Lt'tr
Circle the corre€t onswer,
k t
THE HATI 5TER CLUB
Are t1ou o hohlster ooner? frlou ore proLrdl ... tiour lofor bof c obout
titttefury Jriend drd gou thihk gou ore both reodri 2oin b obout c for
. thts Veor! hohster sho@, thehjoih us 3oon brn c for
3 .. .... ..Morch1* 4. ... .. 5 pft. The shoU |oill 4oin bon cot
ioke ploce 5 ... .... . Mr Hogg3 petsnop. 5oot bon c!o
Before the shor,r, hornst€r oraners con tolk 6 .... .. o o ooout b for cto
MrHoggT. ...... . ohg probtehls therj houe uiththetr pets. 7 ato D OOOUT c for
f gotr ooutd like to fr,rd out rnore inforrnotio[ obout the
hornster cohpeti oh, pleose osk ne 6 . . o leoflet. 8ofor o oDout c with
S€e gor otttherel

Mike Broulr
Presider4t ofth€ hohster club

Our club uould like to thank

MrHogge. ... . hb hetp. 9 o dbout b for c from

Look ot the picture qnd complete with o preposition. 43.\. *ttj.*

HAMSTER COMPSI].IION

The hohst€r
Th€ hornster hds
hcs to gol uP .. the steps
go1 ...!.1P st€ps ohd stohdthere
stond there Jorftue \
seconds. [l
for flu€ secohds_

#llffi"::,,
6 .. ...
Ithostojuhp
Fihollg, it hos tojurrp 6 . ..
;'ll#T.{i:,,,.;," 'i"*^"-
the first cube 7 . .
.... th€Jehce.
... .... ... . the secohd ohe.
W i
I

,,::,1,k
Complete the sentences so thot theg ore true qbout gou, Write full onswers.
I When is gour birthdog? W btlthIg! i9 .

2 Where is gour housel

3Whot do gou usuollg worrg obout? .l !p!t9.tt! . wQryg
Whdt ore gou good ot? Whot ore gou bod or?
5 Whot ore gou interested inl
6 Who ore gou fond oP
7 Whot kind oJ music do gou listen to?
Who ore gou proud of ond whg?

q7
 Use your English (Units 12-17)

Complete with these words.

o the putf mong some on9 no little few

I We must hurrg. We don't hove . m{9! time.

2 ls there . . ... . ice creom for me?
3 There's ... ... note for gou on gour desk.
4 | reollg need . helP. I con't do this on mg own
5 There's ... juice in thot bottle. lt's emPtg.
6 Where's .... . comero? lt wos on mg desk this morning.
7 Mike wos here d .. minutes ogo. He wos looking for Donng.
8 How .. eggs do we need for the coke?
I There were o .. of people dt the portg ldst night
l0 | hod o . ..... moneg, so | got us something to eot
ititii, Circte the correct onswer'
I Pleose be@/ quietlgl I'm trging to do mg homework!
2 Where is / ore mg jeons?
3 Hove gou ever been to US / the US?
4 Mg computer isn't os fost / foster cs gours.
5 The girlthdt's sitting behind / omong Corol is our neighbour'
5 Stop fighting, gou two! Behove gourself / yourselves!
7 Good morning. Did gou sleep good / well?
I He isn't old enough / enough old to drive
q None / All of the other students could sPeok French. Theg onlg spoke English ond Germon
l0 I'm sorrg, I don't understond. Could gou speok slower / more slowlg, pleose?

iillli Complete with one word.

liD,'rfl: Come on, hurrg up!We hove to be ot the stotion ' holf post five! Ken is
woiting 2 .. .. us downstoirs.
Nikki: Iknow, Iknow. I'm olmost reodg l con't decide which T-shirt to weor!
ilir.,,-.{: weor this I . lt's nicer 4 thot red T-shirt gou bought lost geor.
Nil{<i: OK. Right, let's go. Oh no, woit. s . much moneg sholl ltoke with me?
Flr,r,<: {20 should be enough. Now let's 9o!
Nikki: Woit! Con gou get me mg glosses? They're 6 mg bog - on 7

kitchen toble.
li.it-l.:Err, Nikki, there's 8 .. in this bog. lt's emptg!
Nikki: Where ore mg glosses?
a::irrc. Theg're on gour heod, Nikki! Theg're on gour heodl

98
 Complete the second sentence so thot it meons the sqme os the first.
Use l-3 words.
Anno works horder thon Ello. I con t go out becouse l'm verg tired.
Ello doesn't work .99 h9fd .. os Anno. I'm too out.
He's o bod ploger, I thinl<. Corlo's brother lives olone, doesn't he?
He plogs , I think. Corlo's brother lives bg , doesn,t he?
Nobodg on our teom is toller than Alex Everg week, Pete writes to Rob ond Rob writes
Alex is .. ploger on our teom. to Pete.
Pete ond Rob write to . . everg week.

Choose the correct onswer.

r was brillianfl We all had a fantastic timel lt was even better 2

the last timel And guess what? Sarah and David came with us, t00 _ and they loved it
3 0f them is very keen 4 rock music, but they had a realty ntce
time yesterday. David even bought Larry Jackson,s new CDI In fact, he,s ljstening
5 jt right nowl t00k 6
I ph0tos - l, show ihem to you when we
meel nexl weeK.
Anyway, en0ugh about the concertl What ab0ut you? Dicl you enjoy 7 at Lean s
party? Was Katie there? E-mail me s00n and tell me all 8 itl
Love, Emma
L
I o Concen b A conceft c The concert
2 o from D thon
3 o Neither b None c Both
4 oin bot con
5 oto bot cof
5 o o little bofew c much
7 o gou b gourself c eoch other
8 o for b from c obout

Talk about quontitg. Describe how someone does something.

I ve got o few CDs - theg're over there. He olwogs drives corefullg.
Don't worrg. We still hove a lot of time. The childrcn were plaging quietlg in
rl Tolk obout people, things ond ploces without
soging exoctlg who, whot or where theg ore.
thet rcom.
1/ Moke comporisons.
Someone /eft this messoge for gou. I'm not as toll os Kevin_
I wont to tell gou something. Thet house is biwr thon ourc.
./ Sog exoctlu which person, thing or ploce gou Soy where things ore, or when
qre tolking obout.
things hoppen.
There's an apple ond o bonono in mg bag. The Your bag is under the choir.
dWIe is for me and the banano is for gou. Lessors stort ot 5.30.rnd ftnish ot 7.00.
No, not thot one. I wont the red one_

99
18 Word order

Con I use gour computer, Horrg?

One minute, pleose, l'1um. I m

sending Peter on e-moil.

We're ploging o gome ot the sports centre next

Sorurdog. He s olwogs lote becouse he forgets whot
time we're meeting. This Soturdog, we're meeting the
reom ot 3 o clock. so l m going to send him on e-moll
everg dog until SotLtrdog He won't forget this timel

Reqd the tqble.

l.l..:'1:;..i;i.i,i...,...l...ii|l'i.i....:ll'..1l'.,:.',-i1;.'i..'',r'.1;..i.
Theg were loughing.
You con oPen the window.
11E lives next door.
Lee left ldst night.
She worKeo in London six months o9o.
The bogs will 9o to Horrg's house.
ore meetrng the teom ot three o'clock.
Theg ore ploging o gome ot the sports centre next Soturdog.

100
 Word order

w Reod the informotion.

Word order in stqtements Theg went to the cinemo.

. All sentences must hove o subject ond o I got up at six o'clock
verD. I sdw Nrkki dt the bus stop.
The babg is crging. I hoven't finished. He bouglt a new bike lost week.
. lfthere is on object, we put it ofter the . lf we wont to refer to o ploce ond o l|me
verD. in the some sentence, we put the ploce
I love gou.
He didn't like mg present. before the time.
. lfthere is o word / phrose thot refers to o Theg went to the .inerj,a lost night.
ploce or time, we put it ofter the verb, or I sow Nikki ot the bus stop todog.
after the object, ifthere is one.

,W#
Rewrite the sentences. put the words in brqckets in the
correct ploce.
I Kotie wosn't ot home. (ten minutes oqo',
kqri. wosn'f at hame ten igo
^,nut"s
We met lrene lost geor. (in Germong)

He ote four sondwiches todog! (ot schoor.)

4 Uncle Rob is picking r_rs up from the oirport. (in on hour) I went to bed ot ten I

o'clock y'
5 I reod o verg interesting orticle in (Ploce beforc time)
leenlink. (lost week) i

i-*en*e+ten-e+lee++e
6 We sow Tino on Mondog. (ot the supermorxet.l be# X

7 l'm going to phone Amg. (ot middoU)

8 Mum ond Dod were hoving teo ot six. (in the gorden)

ffi Put the words in the correct order.

I went / | / ot ten o'clock / to bed
..1 y.r91t 19 a.91..al..1e1.9.,.1q9\
2 Kellg / ore going to meet / ot ejght / we / outside the cinemo

3 slnce noon / mg cousins / here / hove been

these old phoros / gesterdog / in the ottic / I / found

5 mg grondporents / lost week / didn,t visit / we

6 | / ot school / Emmo ond Soroh / sow / todog

7 Kim ond I / tomorrow / tennis / ot the sports centre

/ are ploging

8 Jim / three pieces of coke / ote / on Soturdog / ot Mike,s portg

101
ffi Aeoa the informqtion.

Verbs with two objects

Some verbs con tdke two objects. Some of these verbs ore: bring, give, lend' offet' send, show
ond write. We con use these verbs in two different wogs:
Subiect + Verb + Obiect (person) + Obiect (thing)
Hofig --> sent Peter """"+ an emoil.
t gove -+ Tom- mg Phone number.
Subie.t+ Verb*+Obiect(thing)+ to+ Obiect (person)
Hoftg --' sent One-mdll+ to --"---------+ Petet .
I gove "+ mg Phone number to -----------+ Tom.

itiiiiit, Write the words in brockets in the correct Ploce,

I Beckg will lend n9 her brown iocket. (me)
2 She sent him . . (o birthddg cord)
3 l'll show .. gou . (mg room)
4 The woiter brought .. .. our food (us)
5 l'll give .. .. ... some moneg (goul
b He offered. .. me . (some coke)

/ifiili n""r"it. ttt" sentences with to.

Yesterdo!...
Lygg p91L on 9..mg.i.t. 19 \zuni
I Lucg sent lzumi on e-moil.
2 Peter gdve Angelo some flowers
3 Beth lent Horrg her cdmero.
4 Horrg wrote his cousin o letter'
5 Luca showed Sophie her new Pointing.
5 Mrs Hordg offered Horrg some biscuits.
r,,lft Rewrite the sentences.
Kevin showed Bob his new comPuter.
I
(lyil. 9h9wed \P .n9vr ggnPyte( L9 B9F.

2 Anne senL..het friend a. P9s\.glq... Anne sent o postcord to her friend.

3 I won't give him mg e-moil oddress.
4 Corol lent her loptop to Suzie.
5 I wrote o note to mg brother.
6 Mrs Cooper offered her friend some led.
7 l'll give gour book to Som.
I AmU brought Lisd o cD.

t02
 Wo.OorOer. t;1b
'..,t, Choose the correct (Inswer.

WHO ARE WE?

Here at TeenLink, we are doing a survey to find out all about you, our readens.
f you have some free tlme, fil this questionna rc and put it in the lee,rllrk survev boxl

How often do you go to the cinenrs? 5 How do you spend your ho idays?
a I go every Friday tD the cinema. a Mt Bmily and ! ga pverl gdmmer rc
b I go to the dnema every Friday a seaslde resart.
c To the cinema I go every Friday. b Every summer to a seaside resort
Do you watch TV? How many hours peT my family and I go.
c My family and I go ta a seaside
a TV lwatch five ta six hours per week. resart every summer
b Five to six hourc per week lwatch W
c I watch ly five to six hours per week.
3 Do you gtve youn friends presents?
I
a gtve presents my friends an their
birthday.
b I give presents on their birthday ffry
c I give my friends presents an their
btrthday.
4 Do you send e mails or do you send How often do you exercise?
ettens? a I play vDlleyball at school and I ance
a I e-mal my friends but I send lefters a week go ta the swlmming pool.
to my older relatives. b At school I play volley bat and I go to
b I emailta my friends but lsend the swimming pool once a week.
letters to my older relatives. c I play at schaol volleyball and I ga to
c I e mail my friends but lefters I send tne swtmming paal ance a week,
to my Dlder relatives.

. I Answer the questions for gourself. Write full onswers, like in Exercise q.
I Do gou hsten to music? Wherel How oftenl

2 Do gou reod booksl When?

3 Do gou lend gour stuff to gour friends? Whot do gou usuollg lend them?

I Do gou hove ong hobbies? How much time do gou spend?

5 Do gou cleon / tidg gour room? How oftenl

6 Do gou tell dngone gour secrets?

103
 lillllllilS-.! !IrI E$[m

19 Questions

whot ore gou wedring?

Lucg: A T-shi11...
Where did gou find it?
Lucg: I mdde it.
This T-shirt looks {omilior.
Hove I seen it before?
Lucg: It's gour old T-shirt. I
needed o green one but I
couldn't find ongthing in mg
wordrobe.

Complete the tqble.

ls thot mg T-shirt? No, it isn't.

.. gou like mg new jdcket? Yes, I do.
Are gou coming? Yes, I

. Rog ot home? No, he wosn't.

. . Liso phone gou lost night? Yes, she did.
Wos gour mum working ot eight? Yes, she
Hove gou finished? No, I

. . theg gone to bed bg six? Yes, theg hod.

Are theu going to stog ot home? No, theg
. gou help us? Yes, I will.
Should I tolk to her obout this? Yes, gou

104
 Questions

Reod the informotion,

fes /No questions ouxiliorg / modol verb in the question ond

Yes / No questions ore questions we con snort onsweT.
onsweT wrtn ges of no. A: ls thot ng old T-shit?
. Theg begin with on ouxiliorg verb B: Yes, it is.
(e.9. be, hove, do, did) or o modol verb A: Did gou see lo ldst night?
(e.9. con, should, will). B: No, I didn't.
Hove gou met Seon's brother? A: Will he like mg Present?
Con gou Plog the guitot? Br Yes, he wil/.
. We usuollg use short onswers to onswer A: Con gour sister speok Frcnch?
Yes / No questions. We use the some B: No, she con't.

ift Complete the questions ond short onswers.

at . N9 . . . gou listening to me? B: Yes, | 9.m

2 A: ... Nicl< got ong brothers or sisters? B: No, he ..

3 A: gou sleeping when I phoned? B: Yes, I

A: . .. ... gou swim when gou were five? B:No, l.

5 A: ... . .. ... Judg ever been to Spoinl B: No, she
5 A: gour dod olwogs get up ot six? B: Yes, he
7 Ar . ... Ken ond Amg come with gou ldst night? B: Yes, theg
8 A:. . . gou tidied gour room get? B: No, I
q A: Croig ot home ot ten o'clock gesterdag? B: Yes, he..
t0 A: . . gou like ploging computer gomesi B: Yes, I

i;lf Put the words in the correct order. Then write onswers thot ore true for gou.
| gou / 9o / did / lost night / eorlg / to bed?
P.i! !p.c.s9 t9 lPl ?{la t.qPl r!s.r!?.
2 gou / weoring / o T-shift / right now / orel

3 hove / met / gou / ever / ongone fomous?

4 Germon / con / gour best {riend / speok?

5 gou / wotching / were / ot six / gesterdog / TW

5 woll< / usuollg / gou / do / to school?

7 it / right now / is / roining?

8 get up / tomorrow / gou / do / hove to / eorlg?

9 going to / ore / stog / gou / ot home / on Soturdog?

l0 gour best friend / in o flot / does / live?

105
 Complete the toble.

Whdt ore gou weoring? AT-shirt.

.. ..
..... .'s thot bog over there? Thot's Ben, Jenng's brother.
Which bog is gours? The blue one.
....... .. did theg go? To the sports centre.
When did he phone? This morning.
bike is thot? It's Michoel's.
is the bobg crging? Becouse she's hungrg.
How ore gou? I'm fine, thonk.
............. .. old is gour sister? She's seventeen.

How ... ..... ..... did thot T-shirt cost? {40.

How .... ..... ... people were ot the portg? 50.
often do gou see Kellg? Everg dog.

ffffi a""a the informotion.

Wh' questions
Wh- questions begin with o question word (whdt, where, when, etc.).ln wh- questions, we use
the words in this order:
Questionword Auxiliorg/ModqlYerb Subie.t Verb
Whot + ore gou -+ doing?
-+ did she * go?
How often -> does gour dod -+ wash his cor?
gou + lcughing ot her?

Put the words in the correct order. Then motch the questions to the onswers.
I where / going / Emmo / wos? d The blue one.

!.f e19. wo9 Epqg 9qi1g.?... ...1 .

2 wonr / gou / for Chrisrmos / do / whot? It's Ello, Mrs Hostings' doughter.

3 should / T-shirt / which / bug / I c Lost geor.

1 rhis bike / when / bug / gou / did? o Everg dog.

5 cdmero / borrow / did / whose / gou? riome.

6 who/thot/girl/is? f Becouse she wos tired.

7 so eorlg / leove / whg / she / did? g A new computer.

8 plog / how often / gou / footboll / dol h Mike's.

r06
 Questions

' Reod qnd write questions.

l,lg srscer. Lucg. hos disoppeored:
Mon: I How o/d is gour stster?
(How / old / be / gour sister)
She's I I.
Mon: 2

(Whot/she/weor)
BIue jecns ond o greg T-shirr.
Mon:
lost?
(When / gou / see her)
About holf on hour ogo.
Mon:
(Where/she/wos)?
She wos stonding neor the ticket booth.
5
lYon: . ofter thot?
(whot/she/do)
Idon't know! She just disoppeored! I've looked
evergwhere.
Mon: Does gour sister like ice creom?
Yes, she does.
flon: / gou / know)
There she is! | think she wos b,ging ,." :.".; ;.
LucAl "::[:(How
Lucg:
like thot? (whg / gou / look ot me)

Complere the toble.

Subiect / Object questions
''''
:..J:..
Who sow gor.r? Who did gou see?
Who colled her?
did she coll?
Who visited Jim? Who .. Jim visit?
hos invited gou? Who hove gou invited?
Who's helping her? Who .. . she helping?

' Reqd the information.

Wh- questions con be obout the subject or

Who sow gou? y' V/@
the object of the verb. Compore:
What happened? y' W@N
Who phoned Eric? lsomeone phoned Eric. . When we osk obout the obiect, we use on
The question is obout the subject.) ouxiliorg verb, ond we chonge the word
Who did Etic phone? (Erjc phoned
order.
someone. The question is obout the
Who did gou see? y' WheAoa-se*?
object.) What did gou bug? y' W@h*
. When we osk obour rhe subjecr of rhe
verb, we don't use on ouxiliorg verb, ond
the word order is the some os in posiflve
seNences.

107
 ! ltlflrI i ! rQ{Fl

-
ffi
ffilt Complete the questions.
B: I'm not sure. lthinkJock phoned her.
2 A: Who B: Nobodg helped him. He did it dll bg himself.
3 Ar Who B: Tim! Tim brol<e the window! lt wosn't me!
B: Whot? Nobodg took her kegs. Theg were in her bog
5 A: Who B: Nobodg sow us. We hid behind the tree.
? B: I'm not sure. lthink Kim invited him.

lix Complete the questions.

A: I con see something.
B: Reollg? Whot col gqu.?99 ?

Ar Someone's got mU bool<. Who phoned her? y'

B: Reollg? Who I
', W#tC+F.ere*etl X
A: Something hoppened.
B: Reollg? Whdt ?

A: He bought lots of things.

B: Reollg? Whot . ?

Ar Someone told Alex.

B: Reollg? Who ?

A: She's trging to sog something

B: Reollg? Wh6t ?

A: Someone's coming.
B: Reollg? Who .. 7

A He wonts something.
B: Reollg? Whot .. ?

ti Write questions to which the underlined words qre the qnswers.

llu!! bought thot pointing. 6 | phoned Trevor.
Who baughL tllaL. p\int.i.49 .?

She soid Iq. 7 lYc won rhe gdme.

I Gcelgq found the moneg. 8 Mr ond Mrs White live rn thor house.

4 Sophie wos weoring o block dress 9 Luke gove me q:eD.

5 L!!g s ploging the violin. l0 We sow Kev!1.

r08
 Questions 19
Reod the onswers qnd complete the questions,
Horrg ond Beth ore looking ot old photos.
Horrgr Wf919. the mon in the photo?
Beth: lt's mg dod.
HorrUr 2
. he in the photo?
Beth: I thinl< he wos twentg geors old.
Hcrrrq: 3 this funnu hot?
Beth: Becouse he wos ot o foncg dress portg.
Hcrrg: 4 this photo?
Beth: ltook it. Thot's mg uncle.
Hcrrg: gou?
Bethr In Crete. l4g Mum's sister lives there.
Hor',1: 6 bodr ir'l
Beth: lt's mg uncle's. We went fishing in it everg dog.
Horrg: fish cotch thot dog?
Beth: Five or six. But theg were big!
Put the words in the correct order. Then write onswers thot ore true for uou,
whot / gou / for breol<fdst / hove / did / 5 gou / gove / the best present / who /
this morning? on gour birthdog?

2 usuollg helps/ gour homework / with /who/ gou? 5 go / do / how often /to the theotre / gou?

3 gour besr friend / ever / hcs 'obrood 'been? 7 pets / ong / hove / got / gou?

4 on Sundogs / usuollg get up / gou / whol I subject / fovourite / is / ot school / whot /

time / do? gour?

Mi(roron Interhetuprorer tr B

I0c
 Question togs, short ogreements

norr9: OK. You've got Scrabble,

hoven't gou?
Well, ges... But I don't
wont to plog Scrobble

Neither do l. Horrg olwogs

wins!
Lucg: Let's plog ,Monopoly, sholl

Oh no...thot's boring, too!

Peter, stop grumbling, will
gou?

An hour loter...
Lucg: I hote this gomel
Beth: So do l!
Horrg: Let's ploy something else...

ri Complete the toble.

This is gour brother's room, isn't it? This isn't gour brother's room, is it?
You've got Scrobbie, hoven't gou? You hwen't got Scrobble, ?

He lives in London, doesn't he? He doesn't live in London, does he?

You're loughing ot me, ... .. . . ? You oren't loughing ot me, ore gou?
Jdck wos ot home, wosn't he? Jock wosn't ot home, wos he?
She come with gou, didn't she? She didn't come with gou, .... ... ?

Your dod wos working ot six. wosn t he? Your dod wosn t working ot six. wos he7
You've finished, ? You hwen't finished, hwe gou?
Theg hod left bg eight, hodn't theg? Theg hodn't left bg eight, hod theg?
Amg's going to stog ot home, isn't she? Arng isn't going to stog ot home, . . I
He'll help us, wont he? He won't help us, will he?
You con plog the guitor, ? You con't plog the guitor, con gou?

110
 Question togs, short ogreements

ll;,llif Reod the informotion.

Question togs
Question togs ore short questions thot we
use ot the end of sentences. We use them
when we wont to check if something is true,
or when we think thot the person we ore
tolking to will ogree with us.
This ts gour brother's room, isn t it?
(f'm not sure. I wdnt to check.)
You've finished, hoven't gou?
g€s.)
(l think the other person will sog . The question tog for Let's is sfioll wel
. We form question togs with on ouxilioru
or modolverb (do, hove, cdn, etc.) ond o .
Pronoun (he, she, etc.).
. We use negotive question togs ofter
posrflve stotements.
She came with gou, didn't she?
He'll help us, won't he?
. We use positive question togs ofler
negotive sentences.
She didn't come with uou, did she?
He won t hetp us, witlhe?
. The question toq for I om is oren't l?
I m lote, oren't li y' +H€tq-sFr-Fe$+
Let's pldg Monopolg, shall we?
The questjon tog for imperotives is wjl/
gou?
Stop moking so much noise, will gou?

t:!i'ti::!t!
Positive stotement +
Negotive question tag.
ijJ Complete with question togs.
I A: Jone's hoving o por-tg next week, ill't phq . .? Bi yes, I thjnk so.
2 A: You've locked the door, ... .. ? B: yes, l,lum!
3 A: He lives with his porents, ... ... ? B: No. He lives bg himself.
4 A: You're tired, .. I B: l,m exhoustedl
5 A: Thot's gorjr dod's cor, .. ? Bi No, thot s Liso's cor.
6 A: There's o sports centre gour house, ? B: yes. tnere rs.
7 A: I'm right, ... .. ? B: No, gou,re not!
8 A: You will come to mg portg, .. I B: Of course I will!
' ,'l',tr1 ,

Negdtiye stdteDent +
Positive question tag
',iir Complete with question tqgs.
I A: You hoven't been to Spdin, .hgye gou B: No, I hoven't.
2 A: We hoven't got much time, ? B: No! Hurrg up!
3 A: You won't tell Donng obout this, ...? B: Don't worrg. I won't.
4 A: Ello doesn't eot meot, ? B: No, she doesn't.
5 A: Theg con't help us, .. ? B: I don't know.
6 A: You a.en't listening to me, .. I B; Yes, I om!
7 A: Your mum wosn't working ot six, ... .. ? B: No, she wosn't.
I A: Colin didn't like m9 present, B: Of course he did!

111
 Complete with question togs.
Luke: Mio? Whot ore gou doing in mg room? You were listening to mg CDs ogoin,
I w?l9n't go! .... ?

Mio: Err... no, I wosn't.

Luke; OK. Now pleose go to gour room ond let me studg for mg Historg test,

f'lio: Oh, come on. You don't hdve to studg right now, 3 ...... .. ?Comeon,tell
me obout gour dog. You went shopping with Rob todog, 4 ... .... ... ?
Lul<e: Yes, ldid. Now, l'4io, I'm busg! Leove! No, woit. Whot's thot behind gour bdck? lt's not mg
new MP3 ploger s .... .... . ? Mio, let me see gour honds!
Mio: No!
Lul<e: You've broken mg MP3 ploger,6
Mio: Well, ldidn't meon it. Iwos trging to...
Luke: Mio!!
Reod the toble.
Short qgreements

I'm tired. So om l. l'm not tired. Neither om l.

Iwdnt to plog Scrobble. SodoL I don't wdnt to pldg Scrobble. Neither do l.
Chris went to the portg. So did Anno. Chris didn't go to the portg. Neither did Anno.
We've finished. So hove we. We hoven't finished. Neither hove we.

ffi Aeoa the informotion.

We use so/neither + dn ouxiliorg verb - We use neither ofter o negotive stotement.

subject to ogree with someone, or to odd 'l didn't fike the food.' 'Neither did l.' 'Lee
informotion thot is similor to whot con't sPeok French.' 'Neithet can Km.'
someone lel|s us.
We use so ofter o positive stotement.
'l love tennis.' 'So do l.'
'Mike got up ot eight.' 'So did Vol.

"ii li Complete the short ogreements.

I A: I'm not hungrg. B: Neither 9F .. .. . l.
2 A: lgot up eorlg gesterdog. B: So ... . ..l.
3 A: Mg dod doesn't work on Soturdoys. B: Neither. mine.
4 A: We're going to stog ot home B: So ... ..... ... we.
5 A: Stephen wos lote for school todog. B: So .... ...... ..... Jomie.
6 A: I didn't like the film. B; Neither .. L
7 A: I hote horror films. B: So.. ... ... L
8 A: We've never tried l4exicon food. B: Neither. . .. .... we.

|2
 Ouestion togs, shon ogreements 20
i:.,,' Choo"a the correct onswer.
Harrg: The goung mon in the blue T-shirt is Beth,s cousin, t isn't he . t
Peter: Yes, he is. You hoven't met him, 2 ?
llarr!: No, I hoven't. He plogs the electric guitor, 3 ?
Peten He's verg good. He plogs in c bond. Theg've olreodg mode o
CDI
Heg, Beth. You'll introduce us to gour cousin, 4
Beth: Yes, of course. John, This is Horrg ond this is peter. Theg're
mg friends. peter loves music.
n.lrr!l:
It s good to meet gou, gugs. Heg, cousin. Whot l<ind of music is thisl I reollg don,t like the
CD gou're ploging.
Peter: 6 .. . lt's boring. you don,r like it, Horrg, 7
Flar.q: No, it's awful!
Beth: Actuollg, John is joking. We're listening to his CD, s
i' : I'm ofroid we ore.
llcrrq: We thought gou were tolking obout onother CD, 9
Peter: Well, erm... Let's get something to eot, t0

I oishe b@ c doesn't he
2 o hove gou b gou hove c noven t gou
3 o doesn't it b does he c doesn't he
4 o will gou b gou won't c won't uou
5 oSodol b Neither do I cSoldo
6 o Neither ldo b So I don't c Neither do I
7 o don't gou b do gou c gou do
8 o oren't we b ore we c won't we
9 odidwe b didn't I c didn't we
l0 o won't we b sholl we c don't we

.' i ,r'. r.rrr. ll:

'i.rrl
Write whqt gou would sog in the following situqtions.
You wont to moke sure thot gour lriend hos got oll his rhings before he leoves gour house.
.yo.q:y9. gg! oll gaur Lhings,.havenrL gou
Y^our friend sogs thot she hotes gettrng up eorlg In Ehe morntng. you ogree.
SodDl
You wont to moke sure thot gour mother won't forget to bug
biscuits.
Mum,
4 Your friend sogs he doesn,t know whot gou hove lor homewo.k. you
don,t lno*. eith"..
5 You wont to moke sure thot gour brother fed the cot.
You
You wonr to wotch the film on ry. Tell gour friend.
Let's
Your friend sogs she hos bought o new T-shirt. yorJ,ve bouqht one. too.
So

113
 The possive

Fashion files: THE T-SHIRT

bv Beth Banks

The T-shint is one of the most popu 6r items of c oth ng. Millons of them are
sold every day alaround the wodd. lam pretiy sure you own more than one
[ , personol V, own a ot more than one - | had fifteen the ast time I counted).
You m ght even be wear ng one just now Actualy, that's the beauty of the T-shit
It is wonn by all kinds of different people, ln many different stuations.
However, things were not always ike that. Up unti the mld zoth centuny, T-shifts
wene made of 1OO% cotton and were wonn on V as underwear. In the 195Os white
Tshirts became very popular with young peop e. They were cool and rebellious.
These davs, Tshirts afe made of cotton andlor polyester f bres, they come in all
sizes, they are dyed n a great variety of coouas and are decorated with text of
p cturcs. They are even used to advertise products or to pass messages (e.9.
'Save our p anet - Recycle'], Thefe are also shops where you can make your own
T-shift: you choose the sze, coour and design and then you can pdnt anlthing you
like on them. The end product is as un que as you arel

I.r,r Complete the tobles.

i#ffi,,ffiis.Hffi.,#.$'ffiffiffi.$
Theg cleon the room everg dog. The room is cleoned everg dog.
$ffiffi Theg cleon the rooms everg ddg. The rooms ore .. .. . everg dog.
Theg cleoned the room gesterdog. The room wos cleoned gesterdog.

+'ffi Theg cleoned the rooms gesterdog. The. .. .. .. .. were cleoned gesterdog.

114
 The possive

Reod the informqtion.

Use
We use the possive when
. we don't know who does something.
Our cat wos stolen lost night. (We don,t
know who stole it.)
. who does something is obvious or not
rmPoftont.
The thief wos arrcsted /ost night. (lt is
obvious thot the police orrested the thief.)
Motio wos invited to the portg. Who
invited her is not importont.)
Form
. To form the present simple possive, we
use om / is I ore + post porticiple.
PoPet is mode from wood.
The rooms are cleaned everg dog.
. To form the post simple possive, we use
woslwere + post porticiple.
This costle wos buih in 1800.
The rooms were cleaned Wsterdag.

r, Complete with the present simple possive.

I lce creom rs mqoe from creom ond sugor. (moke)
2 Bononos in hot countries. (grow)
3 London .. bg thousonds of tourists everg geor. (visit)
4 | . ... tojenng's portg. (invite)
5 Lunch .. ot holf post twelve. (serve)
6 The onimols three times o dog. (feed)
7 The Geogrophg closs . bg lvlr Green. (teoch)
I The rooms. everg foLrr geors. (point)

Write sentences in the

pqst simple pqssive.

115
?r1
zl
Reqd the informqtion.

Agent
. When we wont to sog who did something The \',/indow wos brcken. y'
in o possive sentence, we use bg + ogent +he+iACew-*arbftkea+
(= the person or thing thot does the Theg took him to hospito/. (Who took him
oction). there is not importont.)
This bookwas wtitten bg Chorles Dickens. He wos toker to hospital. y'
. We don't use on ogent ifwe don't know l4e-+€s+eker+e+o++dl+g+h€ri.
or oren't interested in who did the oction, Theg arrested the thief (We know thot the
or when this is obvious. oolice orrested him.)
Someone broke the window. (We don't The thief wos orrested. y'
l<now who broke it.) +11€+tr-r,r€s-d#est€.d+g+he?€Ji€e,

Active I Pdssive
Look ot the chonges we moke when we chdnge on octive sentence to o possive sentence:

Subject Action Obiect Agent

Active Codjones + directed + this film.
Pqssive This film t wos directed I bu Corl lones.

Complete the second sentence so thdt it meqns the some os the tirst. Use no
more thon three words.
I Theg sent the invitotion to the wrong oddr.rs. Th" tnvitaLion wos sent ta Lhe wrong oddress .

2 People speok English oll over the world. English . .. oll over the
woflo.
3 Someone stole Jim's bike ldst night. Jim's bike lost night.
4 Theg moke these comeros in Jopon. These in Jopon.
5 Theg wrop the chocolotes in foil. The chocolotes in foil.
5 Theg built this hotel in 1950. This in 1960.
7 Theg sold thot pointing two weeks ogo. Thot pointing .. ... two
weeks ogo.
8 People throw owog tonnes of rubbish Tonnes of rubbish
everg dog. everg dog.

. Rewrite the sentences in the possive. Use qn qgent onlg where necessorg.
I Mrs Evons morks the exom popers. 5 Theg delivered mg new computer on Fridog.
Th?. exoA pqp.gqg o19 lork9d b! Mrs Evans

2 A fomous reporter interviewed her. 5 One of the students broke the window.

3 Architects design houses. 7 lon Allon designed her costume.

4 Theg grow coffee in Brozil. 8 Someone hid the treosure mqp in o secret ploce.

6
 ---- rlll,lll llllul llllllllllllmuulInm

The possive

iiii Reod ond complete with the correct form

of the sctive or psssiye voice,

itili Rewrite the orticle qnd put the underlined

pqrts into the pqssive.

You're back home from school. You tufn oir the ights. You
tak." a coo drink from the fridge and you heat your difner
in the rnicrowave.
For people who lved 200 years ago, thls wou d be science
fict orl LOO Ueort 640 Aere No,' ha
200 years ago there was no electrlclty.
r dRt UlA.4.1 Houses wexe henkl,
Peoole heated houses wlth a rea fire and
2 thev lit rooms with cand es. r N4ilkmen de ivefed m lk

every mornlng and a people stored lt in a coo p ace.

s Thev cooked food jn the firep ace or on a big stove.
200 years ago there was no plumbingl c Peop e carrled
wallc! from the nearest we I or fountaif and 7 thev washed
c othes by hard.
Then I lhcLLorcllqb jlles w th a heavy iron. e Thev fi led
I
--!t-! v\'r | ' or .oal .
Deo-p-s--!:!-q--l-qjj!la r?-g"s
because there were no cars or buses. I think I prefer lfe
in the 2]sr century don't you?

117
 ,;,,tt Litir 1., ,,

Use your English (Units 18-21)

.,,
:.

Put the words in the correct order.

I / | / gesterdog / sow / outside the supermorket
Ben
2 wds wditing / he / for his friend
3 o portg for his birthdog / is hoving / on Soturdog / he
1 oll his friends from school / he / hos invited
5 is coming / Kellg / to the poftg, too
6 her e-moil oddress / me / Ben / gove
7 this morning / | / her / e-mdiled
I to the poftg / her mother / is going to drive us
I we / ot her house / ore going to meet / ot eight o'clock
t0 her block skirt for the pdrtg / is going to lend / me / she

Beth wqnts to write on orticle for TeenLink. She's interviewing Dovid Fox,
o fomous outhor. Reqd qnd complete the questions.
Beth: t .l:.!bt: ucqr fils, lqgk , Mr Gibson? (this / be / gour first bool<)
Mr Fox: No, it isn't.
Bethl ? (how mong bool<s / gou / write)
Mr Fox: Three. l've wriften three books.
Beth: l gour first book? (when / gou / write)
Mr Fox: Fifteen geors ogo.
Beth: then? (how old / gou / be)
Mr Fox; I wos twentg-seven.
Beth: .. ot the moment? (gou / worl< on / cnother book)
Mr Fox: Yes, I om.
Beth: . .. ... obout? (whot /
/ be) it
Mr Fox: Well, it's obout o goung mon who wonts to be d fomous ortist.
Beth: I see. Well, thonk gou verg much, Mr Gibson. Good luck with gour new book!
Oh, one more thing: .. (gou / could / sign) this bool< for me,
pleose?
l''li {.ri'r;,).ir Of course! Here gou ore!

i . Complete with question t6gs.

A: You weren't tolking to me, w9l9 99.! . ? B: Yes, I wos!
2 A: Let's wdit here, .l ... B: No. lwont to go home!
3 A: You hoven't finished get, .. 7 B: Of course I hove.
A: Jone is still doing her homework, B: No, she's wotching TV.
5 A: Theg left ot six, . .. . .. ? B: No, theg're still here.
6 A: Theg oren't woiting for us, .. .. 7 B: I don't think so.
7 A: quiet, .. ..
Be ? B: OK. Sorrg.
I A: Your brother won't help us, B: Of course he will!

118
ffi Complete the short ogreements.
A: I love rock music. s: 5.q.Cg . .... r.
2 A: l'm not hungrg. B: ... ..... . l.
3 A: We moved here two geors ogo. B:... ... .. .. we.
+ A: l've never ridden o horse. B: .. .. .... l.
5 A: Mg sister con speok Germon. B: ... . .... mine.
6 A: Mork doesn't eot meot. B: ... ... .. . . Alex.
7 A: We've been to the USA. B:. .. .... ..... we.
A: I didn't go to Ello's portg. B: ...... .. .. l.

M Complete the second senten€e so thot it meons the sqme os the first.
Use l-3 words.
Theg cleon the offices twice o week. 5 A fomous photogropher took these photos.
The offices ol-9.9l99rlld .... twice o week. These photos .... .. ...
.. o fomous
Someone broke the window lost night. photogropher.
The window. .... .... ..... Iost night. 6 The students write the orticles for leerfurk.
Soroh Willis designed mg sister's wedding The orticles for leenljnk . the
dress. Mg sister's wedding dress students.
Saroh Willis. 7 Someone sent this e-moil four weeks ogo.
Theg moke these computers in Germong. This e-moil four week ogo.
These computers .... .... .... .in 8 Mr Smith mork our tests.
Germong. Our tests . ... Mr Smith.

ffi Complete with one word.

Nick: Whot r.. 19..... ......
thot huge box bg the door?
Dove: Oh, thot? Thot's dod's new computer. lt 2 .. delivered this morning.
Nick: Whot? When 3 dod bug o new computer?
Dove: Lost week. And guess whot? He's going to give me his old one!
Nicl<: What? No, he jsn't! He's going to give it 4 .. .... me! | hoven't got o computer!
Dove: Neither 5 ..... .. ..1.
Nick: Yes, but gou don't need o computer, Dove, 6.. . ... gou?
Dove: Of course I do! | need it for mg school projects.
Nick: 7 .... .... ..... do l.
Dove: That's not foir! lwont o computer, too!
Nick: Don't worrg, l'll let gou use mine. And gou'll let me use gour new comero!
won't8.... .. .... ?

Dove: Err... well, ges, OK. lwill.

119
 fmrms snd infinitives
mm -fmgr

the tobies.
:

lce-sl<oting is eosg. Mum went to the supermorl<e:

Windsurf .. .. is fLtn. to get some milk.
He come here ..
Let's go shopping.
see gou.
We went swim gesterdog
I promise to help gou.
I'm not good ot skdting.
I don't wont ... trg.
I'm reollg bod ot spell
l'm reqllg hoppg to see gou.
She loves pointing.
l'm sorrg . .. heor
I don't lil<e drow
obout thot.

> Look ot the spelling rules on poge 140.

120
 -,hg forms ond infinitives

t'lliif:lifit Reqd the inrormotion.

-ing lorm ofter odiectives with prepositions. (For o

We con use the -ing form like o noun:
. os the subject of o sentence:
Leoming English is eosg.
. o{ter go, to tolk obout o porticulor octivitg
or sporr:
I went swimming.
How often do gou go skiing?
list of odiectives followed bg prepositions,
see Unit 17.)
Mg sisteis verg good ot pointing.
I m tied ofv,/otching TV all the time!
ofter the verbs /ike, enjog, love, hate,
Prcfer, not mind, con't stand.
She loves dancing.
I con't stand listening to thot musi.!

flil/lti, wrire sentences with the -ing torm.

i drive / fost / dongerous
2 go out / with friends / fun
3 trovel / bg plone / expensive
4 collect / stomps / interesting
5 eot / sweets / bdd for gour teeth
5 plog golf / boring
7 wolk / good exercise
8 smoke / bod for gou

Nli!/l Wrir" sentences with the -ing form.

Horrg / not lilce / skote
Harrg doesn't t!l:9 9!atir.(-
LucA / be / fond ofl point

3 Peter / cdn't stond / listen / to Lucg's music

4 mg fother / often / 9o / fish

5 I / reollg enjog / cook

5 he / be / verLt keen on / collect / mor.:er cors

7 Chrissie / never / qo / shop / ot weeKenos

8 Kellg / be / ofroid of / wolk / in the dork

121
li,,;
lltt Reod the informotion.

We use to + infinitive ofter the verbs wont,
ogree, decide, offer, prcmise, would like, would
love.
Iwont to go home. He offercd to help us.
. ofter these odjectives: hoppg, sorrg, glod.
I'm reollg hoppg to see gou.
I'm sorrg to heor obout thot.
. !o exPress PurPose.
She went to the supermdrket to get some
milk. (She went to the supermorket
becouse she wonted to get some milk.)
We use on infinitive without to ofter the
verbs let, moke ond would rother.
Mg dod didn't let me go to the Pottg.
I'd rother wotch o comedg.

,tlii:ltr
Circle the correct onswer.
I No, I don't wont go /@! B: Finel We'll go without gou!
2 Will gour sister let us use / to use her computer? B: Yes. l've olreodg osked her.
3 Ben ogreed help / to help us. Br Thot's greot!
1 Theg promised be / to be bock ot six. B: Well, theg're lote ogoin!
5 Simon offered drive / to drive us to the stotion. B: OK. l'll be reodg in five minutes.
6 I'd rother stog / to stog ot home tonight. B: l4e too.
7 Theg've decided sell / to sell the house. B: I l(now.Theg're moving to London.
I I'm so sorrg I mode gou crg / to crg! B! Don't ever do thot ogoin!

tti
11" loin the sentences. Use on infinitive with to.
I He come here. He wonled to see qo-.
V 9om9 hetg t9..9p?. !9u
2 Amg went to the cdf6. she wonted to meet Kotie.

3 Theg're going to Brighton. Theg wont to visit o friend.

4 Dod turned on the rodio. He wonted to listen to the news.

5 Kellg went out. She wonted to bug o present for Tricio.

6 | phoned George. I wonted to tell him dbout the portg.

7 He stoged ot home. He wonted to finish his project.

8 I need o keg. lwont to open thct door.

t22
__.i lt t lutt

-ing forms ond infinitives

titi')tit,
li;itl Complete with the correct form of the verb.
Where's Lindo? She promised .lg h9 . h... ot eight. ib.)
I

2 I'm not verg good ot . . (drow)

3 Hil I'm so glod ... gou! (see)
I We often go .. . ot the weekends. (swim)
5 No, ldon't likethisshirt. I'd rother .. thotone. (weor)
5 Jocl< wos verg busg, so loffered .. him. (help)
7 I cdn't stond . . horror films. (wotch)
8 o computer is verg edsg. (use)
q Do gou enjog ? (reod)
l0 I'd like . Modrid one dog. (visit)

i',,,i' Reqd ond complete. Use on infinitive with or without to or the -inglorm.
:i::i.:,r Are gou doing dngthing this ofternoon?
Lucg: l'm going to the shops. I need o new poir of jeons.
i',,ri.r. Oh, l'd like | !9 dQ some shopping, too. lwont 2 (oug) some spons
socks.
Lucg: Would gou like 3 (come) with me?
:',r,:i:, : I con't stond .
a (shop) with gou! You go to oll the shops ond trg hundreds of
things before gou bug onuthing! I'd rother s .... . . (stog) or home.
Lucg: Well, I'm sorrg 6 (heor) thot. Oh, bg the wog, l'm going
(bowl) ofterwords. Horrg ond Beth ore coming. You ore not invited!
r-':,ri; . Oh, come on, Lucg! Let me I (go) with gou! | love 9 .. (bowl)l
Lucg: Onlg if gou promise l0 (pog) for me, too! Thot will teoch gou to sag bod things
obout uour sister!

1;,ii Complete the sentences so thot they ore true qbout gou.
Nome:

In mg free time I enjog

2 l'm l<een on
3 I hote
4 I don't mind
5 I'm good ot
6 I rove
7 Next summer I would like
8 I've decided ... .. . . .. when lgrow up.
Y When | finish school I wont
t0 i< aY.if'ndl

123
 Reported speech
.. r': Whot drticle? Does SoPhie write for
ICCNLINK!
Horrg: Lost week she osked me if she could
write something qnd I soid ges'
r ': Whot's the orticle obout?
,: .
LucA: Sophie sogs it's obout recgcling
Horrg: lt's still too long! We hoven't got
enough sPoce for it.
Lucg: But she's olreddg rewritten it three
times!
Horrg: Well she'll hove to write it one more
time, then.
Lucg: (on the phone) Sophie, HdrrU sogs
the orticle is too long'

Sophie soid thot she could moke

the orticle much shofter'

RECVCLING
She'll bring it Bq SoPhie
over in holf Sihrpson
on hour. R€O/CIE- lT3
GOOD!

lhot s gooq.

Complete the tobles.

Reported stotements dnd questions in the Post

ilil..iirj.... t',ttliiiiiilr ,ii ,.l: i'...,'.',,,',.,iii'':l.

Horrg soid (thot) the ofticle wos too long.
iuiiiffi 'The drticle is too long.'
'l con moke it shorter.' Sophie .. thot she could moke it shorter'

124
liilffi 'Does SoPhie write fo r TeenLjnld.'
'Whdt's the orticle obout?'
Peter osked if Sophie wrote for TeenLrn,(.
He to know whot the orticle wds obout
 Reported speech

'\lilllt g""a the informotion.

Reported stotements qnd questions in Reported questions
the present When we report questions we use reporting
We use reported speech when we wont to verbs like osk or wont to know.
report whot somebodg else soid. /V1ork osks where Ben is.
'l'm readg.' + Ben sogs he is reodg. Keith wonts to know whot time it is.
'l con't donce.' + Kellg sogs she cdn't dan.e. ' The word order in reported questions is
the some os in stotements. We don't use
Reported stqtements
on ouxiliorg verb.
When we report whot someone sogs:
. we use o reporting verb, like sog: 'Where is Ben?' j
Mork osk where Ben is. y'
He sogs (thot) he con't come with us.
. we usuollg chonge possessive ddiectives
lMen
ond pronouns:
'\Nhere do gou live?' )
)
'l .on't frnd mg kegs.' Km wants to know where I live. y'
lft*ree+++eJ<ne**here-de+lke-
He sags (thot) he can't find his kegs.
. When we report ges/no questions, we use
+
'l live with mg grcndPorents.'
if ofter the reporting verb.
She sogs (thdt) she lives with he/
'ls Fred here?' ) loe osks if Fred is here.
grondporents.
J€e-€sk+ir-fuC+erc=
'Does Som live here?' )
She osk if Sam lives here. y'
sheesk+dee+5er+*+e*ere.

You ore chotting with q new friend on the

lnternet. Your cousin is in the room with
gou. Tell him / her whqt gour new friend sogs.

I ilgllg.."Cgl.(ligll she's thirLeen geors old

2 sh9 !qs9
3 3he

*
5 | 'l'm thirteen geors old.'
6 2 'i live in London.'
7 3 'lYg porents work in o bonk.'
8 4 'l've got o twin sister.'
5 'l love pop music.'
5 'l con speok Germon, French dnd ltolion.'
7 'l don't like science fiction films.'
I 'Mg fqvourite subject is Art.'
rfl

IL

125
{ifll 'f"" wdnt to 90 to the cinemq with gour friends Liso ond Luke. You ore tqlking
to Luke on the phone. Liso is with gou, Tell her whot Luke osks gou'

'Do gou wont to go to thot new fost

restouront in west street?'

? G"" Vd ..." *lth *?')

ul,,:l'l'i

He wonts to know vrhot

time the film stotts. y'
--__\ He+aa*+eJ<aev-wh*
Reod the informotion,
@lir-s+er+. X

Reported stotements qnd questions in the Pqst

Reported stotements Reported questions
. When we don't report whdt someone We moke the some chonges when we
sogs immediotelg, or when whot theg soid rePort questions:
is not true now. we use o Pos! lense . We use o post tense reporting verb.
reporting verb like sdid. Mark osked where Ben wos.
'l'm tied.' + Andg soid he wos tited. Keith wanted to know whot time it was.
. When the reporting verb is in the post, we ' And we chonge the tense of the moin verb
olso chonge the tense of the verb. Present (present simple + pdst simple).
simple becomes pdst simple in reported 'Do gou like rock music?' )
speech. He osked if I liked rock music.
'l Madrid.' +
live in 'Whefe is KotieT +
She soid (thdt) she lived in Madrid. She wanted to know where Kotie wds.
'l.on'tstog.'a
Jomie soid (thot) he couldn't stag

'i1;//t Report the stqtements.

L9!..k gq
l'l wont to go home.' Colin soid \!h 9.1.) 19..w o.n

2 'l don't like the food.' Vickg soid

3 'We con't use mg brother's comPuter. Ken soid
4 'l hove to be ot the stotion ot six. Ello soid
5 'We're lote.' Theg soid
5 'l don't believe him.' Sophie soid
7 Mg sister works in o bookshoP Pere soid
8 'Anno isn't ot home.' Jone soid
126
 Reported speech i23

ft R.port tt
"
questions.
Beth's 5-geor-old cousin, Jillg, visited her lost weekend ond she wos full of questions. Beth is telling
her Mum.
I Who is gour best friend? Jillg osked.
wh? ng bqgt tr!9ld
2 Whot time do gou get up in the morning? she wonted to know
3 ls gour school for? Then she osked
4 Do gou like going to the cinemo? She osked
5 Hove gou got o TV in gour room? Jillg wonted to l.now
6 Are gou tired? Then she osked
7 Can Vou speol< Sponish? She olso osked
8 How much pocket moneg do gou get? Finollg Jillg wonted to know

Report the diologue.

Liom is o new student in Lucg's cldss. Lucg ond some other clossmotes wont to know evergthing
obout him.

Lucg: Where ore gou from? I'm from Monchester.

Sophie: Hove gou got ong brothers or sisters? I hove one sister.
I love pop music.
Som: Whot kind of music do gou like? I'm verg good ot it.
Dove: Con gou plog bosketboll? It's greot. Evergone is verg friendlg.

Louro: Do gou like our school?

There's o new student in our closs. His nome's Liom
ond during the breok,.we osked him o lot of questions.
Firsr, I osked Liom wr€re ne !.vos no?r
ond he soid
Sophie osl<ed hrm
ono ne
Som osked .. .. ond he
soid
Dove osked Liom
ond he onswered
Finollg. Louro osked
ond Liom

127
2e Defining relstive clqurses

And who's this womon? She's the one who

soved them both in
the end. The mon
got o cromp ond
he couldn't swim!
I've got o brilliont storg
for the mogozine!

Thor's greotl
*N r$
\

It's the storg which wos in the locol

news gesterdog- A bog who
couldn't swim fell into the river bg \
occident ond o mon jumPed in to
sove him. This is the photo thot wos
in the locol newspoper'

Complete the toble.

This is the storg which wos in the locol news Uesterddg.

The car ... is porked outside our house is Mr Toglor's'

The lodg thot onswered the phone wos Jenng's mother'

This is the photo .... wos in the locol newsPoper.
Thot's the womon whose dog ottocked me the other dogl
The mon ... cor wos stolen went to the Police stotion.

128
 Defi ning relstive clouses

'ifilll a"oa the informotion'

We use defining relotive clduses to give more
informotion obout someone or something, or
to moke it cleor which Person, thing or
onimol we ore tolking obout.
. We use who for peoplel. The lodg who
works in that shoq is lon's mother'
. We use which for things or onimols: The
troin which stops ot Bristol leoves at 8 00.
. We use thot for people, things or onimols.
We con use it insteod ol who or whtch
The lodg that works in thot shop isJon s
mothet.
The truin thot stops Bristol ledves ot 8.00.
. We use whose for people, things or
onimols, to show possession.
Thot's the bog whose bike wds stolen.

ti
,fl Complete with who or which.
I I met o womon.whq looked like gour mother.
2 Where's the mdgozine wos on the toble?
3 ls there someone .. con helP us?
4 l4ike bought o computer cost f 1,500
5 The mon colled lost night didn't leove o messoge
5 Mg sister works in the clothes shop .. is next to the librorg.
7 The womon lives in thot house is o fomous writer.
8 The bog.. is on the choir is Sophie's
q Our new neighbours hove got o dog. borks oll night!
l0 Do gou know dngone .. wonts to bug these tickets?

iiltt'itii
.ritl:' Complete with who's or whose'
I The girl lvhg:g stonding next to Anne is Jim's sister.
2 The bog .. bdll hod follen into the river wos crging.
3 The womcn .. sitting behind llrs Wotts is Tino's mother.
ls thot the mon . wife is o fdmous drtist?
5 The mon .. woiting dt the bus stop is m9 Science teocher'
6 Thot's the womdn .. . house wos robbed lost week.

7 The boU weoring the blue T-shirt looks like gour cousin
8 I l<now o girl sister hos met Begonc6

129
"Ii,!l Circle the extrq word in these sentences'
I The sondwich thot@is on the toble is for Peter'
2 These ore the CDs thot I bought them gesterdog.
3 ls thot the girlwho she won the roce?
4 The mon thot he entered the building wos weoring o long block codt
5 ldon t reollg like films thot theg don't hove o hoPpg ending.
5 Thot's the vose thot it cost mg mum f500!
7 Where's the moneg thot I left it on mg desk this morning?
I ls this the womon thot she hos just moved in the house next door?
Wlf Write sentences. Use defining relqtive clquses.
o reporter / someone / work for o newspoper.
.A leTorLq i9 .qg.n9qnq.tahg work9 l91 a 1.9w12op9.r. . .
The sondwich thot is on the
on duthor / someone / write / books toble is fot Peter. y'
{+e-seFd.4€ht.]?dt-+|-€-or+
3 o porrot / o bird / cdn tolk
+he+dble+sf€r+e+er,{.

4 o ruler / something / we use to drow stroight lines

5 o dentist / someone / look ofter / gour teeth

6 d woiter / someone / work / in o restouront

7 an ostrich / o verg lorge bird / con run verg fost

8 o thief / o percon / steol /things

;lllill111
loin the sentences. Use defining relotiYe clouses.
I There's the house. Mg ount wonts to bug it.
The19'9.the h9!p9..that ng. qunL w.onL9 lq Ftg

2 An old mon onswered the door. He wos Jdke's grondfother.

3 Wonted is the film. lt mode him fomous.

4 A girl is stonding overthere She's mg cousin.

5 Thot's the bog. His mother teoches English ot our school.

5 Here's the note. Ben left it for gou this morning

7 | ote the sondwich. lt wos in the fridge.

8 We stoged in o hotel. lt hod o huge swimming pool.

r30
 tl tt'iii

Defining relctive ctouses p4

,:' Circle the correct onswer.
I The troin l!91 is coming into the stotion right now goes to Poddirrgton.
o who b that c whose
This is the mon . doughter won the first prize in the competition.
o wnose b who c thot
3 Mg brother is the one . . .. olwoqs lewes the door unlocl<ed!
o which b who's c who
4 The house ... burned in the {ire wos 300 qeors old.
o who b which c whose
5 | l<now o mon 2.15 metres toll.
o who's b whose c thot
I've met o girl ... nome is Penng Pound.
o thot's b who's c whose
The mon .. onswered the phone wos mg fother.
o who b which c who is
8 ls he the octor . . . fell ond broke his orm while he wos filminq?
o which b whose c thot

ll, .l loin the sentences with o relqtive pronoun ond complete the orticle for
TeenLink.

It:{iltilIl
1 A th ef stole a car from a
Bernie, the
supermarkei car park. He jun'rped out
great dane.
of it only minutes ater.
2 A dog had been asleep on the back 5 he saw the dog. The dog was making
seat. The dog woke up. the growling norse.
3 He was ooking foa a car. The car was 6 A woman was walking home from the
unlocked. supermarf,et. The woman saw the
4 he drd not see the great dane. The thief runntng away
great dane was asleep on the back
seat of the car.
1 A thief wha ?lq? .g 9qt fem q 7:tp?lm.9lk?t.9q. pqrk jqnped qlt of i! 9 a niry.l$ lqte,
.. .. and gave the thief the shock of h s lfe.
ThethiefwdlkedroundthecaTparkoftheSupensavesupenrnarketonElmRoad,6s!
Friday. 3 .. . . He was thrilled when he saw a m6n
park h s car and leave without taking the keys. Untortunately for him,
The th ef got into the caf, turned the key and
drove out of the car park. A few moments later, he heafd a growing noise frcm
behind. He ooked n the re6r view m rror and 5
. .. . She sa d: The rnan just jumped out of the car
and ran across the street without lookinq. He ooked very ffightened The dog growed
and barked at h m but it didn't get out of the car. He was lLJckV because there was no
traffic on the ro6dl'

131
 Sentence linking

FACT AND FICTION

By Beth Banks
pocket
M! fniends and I enioy a good film on the blg screen and we often spend oLlr
money at the cinema. We llke adventure films' so last Friday we went to see Dangerous
Mission'. The hero, a secret agent, did all sorts of impossible things' as usual
Although
he got on his
the baddies did their best, he managed to save the world once 6gain Then
motorbi.e aro rode rto the SLrseL wirhoLt a sc-atcl_'
I really liked the film but all this lsn't very realistic, is it? ActLlally, in the
movies' things are
totallv different from real life Read the list below and see if l'm dght'
IN THE MOVIES IN PEAL LIFE
. AlthoLrgh the hero jumps off a moving . An ordlnary rnan jumps off a movlng
train, he lands without break ng traln and bfeaks one or tvvo legs
anytnlng.
. You can tell that an ordinary man has
. The hefo has been in a fght but he only been in a fight because he's got baulses
has a small cut 6bove hls eye
. The polsonous snake doesn't bite the
. Poisonous snakes rarely bite people' so
hero because he can hypnotise it with there ls no real danger if You leave
hrs eyes them alonel

comptete the toarc.

ffi
'Nllllflk

We went out ond we hod o greot time.

She phoned Dovid . .... .. told him obout the portg'

W
Fffii
We went out but we didn't hqve o good time.
She phoned Dwid . . ...... she didn't tell him dbout the Portg'

ffi We didn't go swimming becouse it wos cold.

I stoged ot home .. .... I wos tired.

ffi It wos cold, so we didn't 9o swimming

rired....

ffi
lwos lstoged ot home

Although he wosnt feeling well, he went to school

She bought the dress . .. it wos verg exPensive.

132
 Sentence linking

lil"l'r Re(d the informqtion.

We use ond, but, because, so ond olthough to
link sentences/ideos.
And, but
. We use ond to link sentences thot ore
oction or situotion. We use o commo
before so.
I missed the bus, so / wos ,ote.
She wos busg, so she didn't go out.

obout similor ideos, octions or situotions. Although

He had breokfost ond left for work.
I went to the portg ond I sow Tim.
. We use but to link sentences thot ore
obout different or opposite ideos.
I've met Km but I hover't met her sister. I
read the book but I hoven't seen the film.
. We use olthough to link sentences thot dre
obout different or opposite ideos.
Although I tried. I (ouidn t do the exercise.
. Although con come dt the beginning or in
the middle of the sentence. When it
comes ot the beginning, we use o commo

Becouse, so
to seporote the two ports of the sentence.
. We use becouse to give the reoson for Although she wosn't invited, she come to the

something. Portg.
She come to the pattg olthough she wasn't
I was lote because I missed the bus.
invited.
She didn't go out becouse sfie wos busg.
. We use so to describe the result of on

ii"ii Compf ete with ond or buL

Horrg went to the supermorket 9ld bought some cot food.
2 Beth finished her orticle. ... gove it to Horrg.
3 I bought the book d month ogo I hoven't reod it get.
4 I visited their new website .. ... downlodded some greot photos.
5 We sowJone ... ... we didn't see Chris.
5 lwonted to phone him ldidn't hove his phone number.
7 We hod dinner.. .. then we went to bed.
8 I wonted to help him . I wos coo busg.

,,:li'liit,
,!| l: Compfete \ffith becouse or so.
I she's ongrg !994q99 he lied to her.
2 homework,
I hodn't finished mg Icouldn't go out with them.
3 We couldn't hove the picnic . it wos roining.
I We didn't bug thot cor .. .. .. it wos too expensive.
5 lwosn't hungrg, I didn't hdve lunch.
6 Theg lost the gome . .. theg ploged bddlg.
7 ldidn't hove her oddress, lcouldn't e-moil her.
8 Anno hod o heodoche, she went stroight to bed.

133
,,i,iirl Rewrite the sentences. Use becouse or so'
I We've lost the rickets, so we con't 9o !o the concert'
.W9 can'.| 99 LP he 99.n9erL b9991s9 y.1ly9 !9.1t 1t1.9 Llgkert

2 She took d toxi becouse she wds lote.

3 | went to bed lote lost night, so I couldn't get uP in the morning

4 She didn't heor the bell becouse she wos osleep'

5 | hodn't tidied mrl room, so mum didn't let me 90 to the Porl<'

6 he hod eoten too much ice creom'

Jomie hod o stomochoche becouse

7 | didn't buLt thot book becouse ldidn't hwe enough moneg'

I He didn't have breokfost, so he's hungrg.

,.,l.il# fo'n the sentences. lJse olthough.

I lt wos roining. We went out 5 | wos tired. lcouldn t sleeP
AlLhoug.h it wqi..roirlifg, \9 vllnt Pt:!.t

2 I hote horror films. I liked this one. 5 I got up lote l orrived on trme'

3 Tim is onlg eight. He con speok three longuoges T Beckg worked hord She didn't poss the

test.
4 lt wds hot. He wos weoring o jocket
. I Theg're twins. Theg're quite different

iriifil Circte the correct onswer.

Lve: So, did gou go out with Coitlin ldst night?
Zoe; Yes, I did. We went to the theotre l@/ but then we hod dinner ot thot new fost food
restouront in Eost Street.
[!e: Did Grocie come with gou?
3 hod to
No. She wonted to come ond / but her porents hod gone out' becouse / so she
2
Zoe:
stog ot home ond look ofter Ben. Whot dbout gou? Whot did gou do?
E!e: N;hing. I stoged dt home 4 ond / but wotched TV We were invited over to the Smith's
s l wos reollg
house flr dinner, 5 but / so l couldn't go l hod o terrible heodoche dnd / but
tired,7 becouse / so Istoged in ond wotchedfhe BigDag lt'so reollg good film Hove
gou

seen it?
Zoe: 8
Yes. And l've reod the book, too. And so / olthough I recllg liked the book' I thought the
film wos o bit boring.
'ive Oh. I hoven't reod the book
Zoe: Reollg? You should. Here, take it. lt's fdntostic gou'll love it'
i.re: Greot!Thonks!
r34
 Sentence linking

@ cir.t" the correct qnswer.

I She didn't 9o to bea eorlg .9.1.L\9!9h.. she wos tired.
o Decouse b ond .@E
It wos o lovelg dog, .... ...... . theg decided to ride their bikes to the loke.
o so b olthough c but
Suson's verg good ot tennis ..... .... she's terrible ot volleqboll.
o ond D but cso
4 | didn't studg for the test .. ... . .... I'd left mg book ot school.
o becouse bso c but
5 ... .
she couldn't speok ltolion, she r-rnderstood whot the mon sqid.
....
oSo b Although c Becouse
6 We hodn't hod ong breokfost, ... ...... we were verg hungrg ot lunchtime.
o olthough b becouse c so

S loln the senten€es ond comptete the e-moils.

Liso, Lucg dnd Peter's cousin, lives in Scotlond.

I Dod's got some business in London next week. He's

promised to toke me with him. (ond)
2 Mum isn't verg hoppg, l'll miss school forthree dogs.
(becouse)
3 l'll hqve to work horder when we come bock. I don't mind.
(bu0
4 lt will be greot to see gou. It will be greot to spend some time with gou. (qno)
5 | hqve to go to school on weekdogs. l'm dlreadg plonning whot we're going to do ot the
weekend. (olthough)
6 lt's Dod's birthddg on Fridog. We're oll going out for o fomilg meol. (so)
7 On Soturdog morning, I usuollg go skoting in the pork. We could do something else. (but)
8 I've told her oll obout gou. She's d9in9 to meet gou. (ond)
q I've left Sundog free. We're going to do ongthing gou like. (becouse)

135
 Use your English (Units 22-25)

, I, Complete with the correct form of the verb' Then circle the correct onswer'
thot the sentences ore true for gou.
Ithink thot ploging computer gomes is@/ boring. {Pl09,
2 I'm good / bod ot (Point)
Mg porents let / don't let me up lote on weekdogs (stog)
t1 I wont / don't wdnt .. to the cinemo on Sdturdog. (go)
5 I would like . the Louvre / Disneglond one dag (visit)

6 I like / don't lil<e to rock music. (listen)

7 Romontic films moke / don't moke me .. (crg)
8 I'm ofroid / | don't mind ... in the dark (wolk)
Lost weel<, Luca helped Sophie orgonise her birthdog Portg'
Now LucA is tetling Peter whot SoPhie told her.

| 'l hove to get up eorlg on Soturdog.'

2 'Con gou get the ice creom for the pcrtg?'
3 'l con bug the food ond soft drinks '
4 'l wont some bolloons, too'
5 'How mony CDs con gou bring?'
5 'l don't wont to weor mg red dress '
7 'l hote it!
8 'Con I borrow gour block sl<irt?'

Join the sentences. Use wlro, which ot whose,

fhg fion who's s'onding nexl to Anna is her uncle
I A mon is stonding next to Annc He's her uncle
2 Mike took the moneg. lt wos on the toble.
3 Thot s the bogl Hrs dog bit mel
I Theg've got o cat. lt sleePs in our gdrden dll the time .

5 Penguins ore brrds. Theg con t flg

6 I met o girl. Her fother is o fomous outhor'
7 Thor's the monl He stole mg bog:
I Theg bought o flot. lt is much bigger thon ours

' Circle the correct onswer.

Jenng: Heg, it's me.
Voli Oh, hiJenng. Where ore gou?
Jenng: l'm on mg wog bock home from the sports centre. l'19 mum hos to work ldte,
l@/ be.ouse I hove to wolk home todogl Where dre 9ou? Whot ore gou doing?
136
 Vo : l'm in mg room 2 but / ond l'm trg ng to write on orticle for our school mogqzine!
Jenng: But I thought gou finished thot orticle lost night.
Vol: Well, I wonted to finish it lost night, 3 so / br.t I couldn't think of ongthing interesring to
write! And a so / olthough I hove spent hours looking for ideos on the Internet, I still con't
think of ongthing to writel
lenng: Oh. I wish I could help gou s but / becouse I hove to studg for mg Historg test. Con it woit
until tomorrow? I'm free ofter school tomorrow, 6 becouse / so we con work on gour
orticle together.
Vol: I reollg hove to finish it todog 7 olthough / becouse Horrg Dovjs, the editor, needs oll the
orticles tomorrow morning.
Jenngr Oh, I see. Well, good luck rhen! l'll coll gou loter.
Val: Thonk, Jen. Bge!
Circle the correct qnswer.

Hi Beth

Thanks fOr y0ur e-rnaill Yes, I wOuld l0ve r you next weekl But j'm afraid I can1
make it 0n Saturday 2 my cousins fr0m London are coming t0 vjsit. HOw about
Sunday? | asked Ben 3 he cOuld come too a he said yes. His slster,
Penny, might come with us, too. You remember Penny, d0n't you? She's the girl 5
you met at my cOusin's party in lvlarch. We can g0 t0 y0ur favoutite fast f00d restauranr ano
then we can go o I

(Don't wOrry Ben's very g00d at it, he's promised 7 !sl)

What do you think? E-mail me soonl

Love, Katie
,tz

I o see b to see c to seerng

2 q olthough D DUT c becouse
3 oif b thot c whot
4 o ond D DUt c becouse
5 o which D \MnOSe c thot
o o Skote b skoting c to skoting
7 o help b to help c helping

r' Use the gerund ond infinitive to tolk obout

different dctivities, likes, dislikes,
Thot's the gil thot I told gou about
gestedog.
preferences ond purpose. The bag thot is on thdt chair is mine.
Swimming is verg good for gou. Link similor, different or opposite ideos.
I love doncing. I osked her ond she soid ges.
I d rother stog ot home tonight. I osked het but she didn't answet.
I went to the supetmarket to get some mrik. Although I osked her lots of times, she
Repon whot other people sog. didn t sog angthing.
He told me thot he wos tired. Describe the result of or the reoson for
She dsked me whete I lived. something.
Mol<e it cleor exoctlg who or whot gou I wos tired, so I vtent to bed.
ore tdlking obout, or give more I didn t buy the CD becouse I didn't hove
informotion obout someone or something. enough moneg.
137
Grommdr Reference

lrregulor Verbs
Post 5imple Post pqrticiple lnfinitive Pqst simple Pqst porticiple
lnfinitive
be been know knew
become become leofn leorned/leornt leorned/leornt
become
begqn begun leove left left
begin
bitten let teI let
olre olr
broKen lo5e lost toSI
DTEOK broke
brought brought moke mode mqoe
bring
built built meon meont meqnt
build
burned/burnt burned/burnt meet met met
burn
bought poy pord pord
buy bouqht
cought put put put
cqtch cought
chose chosen reod reod reod
choose
come come flcle rode ridden
come
cost co5t ring rqng run9
co5t
cut run ron run
cut cut
oug soy sotcl 50rd
dr9 dug
done 5ee Seen
oo did
drown 5ell 50tq solo
drow drew
dreomed/dreomt 5end 5ent Sent
dreom dreomed/dreomt
oronK orunK set 5et set
drink
driven 5how showed snown
oflve orove
eoten srng sqng sung
eot ote
fell follen sit 50t sot
foll
fed sleep siepr slept
feed fed
felt felt 5mell smelled/smelt smelled/smelt
feel
found found spoKe 5poken
find
flew flown 5penq spent spent
fly
forgotten stqnd stood stood
forget forgot
got got steol stole stolen
get
give 9OVe
given SWOm

go gone toke tooK token

grow grew grown teoch tought tought
hung hung tetl told told
nong
hod noo think thought thought
hove
heord neorcr throw threw thrown
neqr
hidden understqnd understood understood
hide hid
ntt woke woken
hit hit
hold held held
hurt nun nurl
kept Kepr write wrote written

138
 Grommor Reference

Spelling rules
Plurol nouns

To moke the plurot oJ most nouns, we add s ot the end oJ the

word,
book )
Jour books tuble + two tab[es
bonana + three bananas
. To moke the pturol oJ nouns thqt end in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch or -x,
we odd es qt the end
oJ the word,
bus )three buses glass )
four glasses
brush )
six brushes beach )
two beaches
box + Jive boxes
. To mqke the piurot oJ nouns thot end in -o, we odd _s or _es
ot the end oJ the word,
tomato six+ tomatoes )
potato Jive potatoes
piana + two pianos photo + twelve photas
kiLo + twentg kilos
. To mqke the pturol oJ nouns thot end in consonont + _g, we chonqe _r/
to _l qnd odd _es:
story + Iwa sLories babg + Ihree babies
but
. To mohe the pLurot oJ nouns thot end in vowel + _y, we just odd
s:
eAe ) two eges day + eight days
. To mohe the plural oJ nouns thqt end in -J or
Je,ie chonge _rf to -y ond odd es,
loal ) three loaves kniJe + slx knives
sheLJ +
Jive shelves wiJe + two wives

Present simple

' To Jo11 the third person singutor (he, she, ir) oJ most verbs in the present simple,
we ooo s:
listen ) Ibtens help )
helps
work ) works
. We odd -es to verbs that end in -o, -s, -ssJ -6n, _sn or _x
go ) goes
finish )
linishes
Arss { ,{asses )
Jix Jixe s
catch )catches
. For verbs that end in consonqnt r -y, we chonge y to _i
ond odd -es:
carry )carraes +
fly flies
but
. For verbs thot end in vowel + -y, we.just add _s:
sag ) says buy + buys

139
Grommdr Reference

Verb + -ring

. To moke the -lng Jorm oJ most verbs, we odd -ing

qt the end oJ the verh'
sleep ) sleeping walk walking +
stay + staying
. For verbs thot end in e, we tohe owog the -e ond odd -lng'
dance ) dancing make making +
but
. For veros rnot. erd in ee. we add ing.
see + seeing agree a
agreelng
. with one-sgttoble verbs thot end in one vowel + consonqnt, we double the Jlnol consonont
ond odd -ing.
swim ) swimming sit) sittrng
but
. For one sglloble verbs thqt end in two vowels + consonont, we just odd
-/n9

read ) reading wait +

waiting
. For two-sgltoble Verbs thqt end in o vowel ond consonqnt, We doubte
the consonqnt
iJ the stress is on the s€cond s9itqbte.
begin + beginning
but
. For two-sgttoble verbs thot end in o vowel ond consonont, we don't doubte
the consonont
iJ the stress is on the Jirst suttobte.
open + openrng

Post simple

. We odd -ed to most regutor verbs,

work + worked ask ) asked
w(fich + wotched
. For verbs thot end in -e or -ee, we odd d,
Iive ) Iived arrive + affivecl
agree 1 agreed
. FJr verbs thqt end in consonont + -y, we chonge -y to -i ond odd
-ed'

carry ) carried studY + studied

but
. For verbs thqt end in vowe[ + -y, we add -ed'
enjoy + enjoyed PIaY) PtaYed
. Fo' i"rbs thoi end in one vowel + .onroiont, we doubte the Jinol consonont ond odd -ed.
stop + stoPPed plan + planned
but
. For verbs thot end
-tn
two vowels + consonont, we just odd -ed'
rain + rained wait + waited

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 Grommor Reference

. To Jorm the comporotive ond supertotive oJ most qdjectives, we odd -er or -est
tat + taller + the tal[est
short + shorter + the shortest
slow ) slower + the s[owest
. For odjectLves thot end in -e, we odd -r or -st:
nice + nicer + the nicest
large + Larger + Iargest
. For odjectives thot end in one vowel r consonont, we doubte the
Jinol consonont ond odd
-er or -estl
hot + hotter + the hottest
big + bigger ) (the) biggest
. For adjectives thot end in -y, we chonge -y to -t qnd odd -er or -est
heavg + heavier )the heaviest
hoppg + happi.er + the happiesl

To Jorm most odverbs oJ mclnn€r, we cdd -ty to on odjective:

quich + guicklg
slow + slowlg
For odjectLves thot end in -y, we chcnge -y to -i ond, odd 19:
happy + happilg
noky + noisilg