HANDBOOK

ON
CIVIL AVIATION STATISTICS
2018-19

Scheduled Domestic Services

Freight
Passenger Departures
Kilometer Hours ASKM RPKM
Carried Flown Flown
Carried (In 000) (In 000)
(Tonnes) 1+ M
140+ M 950+ M 1.8+ M 156+ M 134+ M
0.7+ M

Passengers Carried
 DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF CIVIL AVIATION
OVERVIEW
Directorate General of Civil Aviation is the regulatory body governing the safety aspects of civil
aviation in India. It is responsible for regulation of air transport services to/from/within India and for
enforcement of civil air regulations, air safety and airworthiness standards. It also interfaces with all
the regulatory functions of International Civil Aviation Organization.

DGCA’s Vision Statement:

1 054 K

9 22 K
8 10 K
700 K
6 16 K

FY 2019 FY 2018 FY 2017 FY 2016 FY 2015

“Endeavour to promote safe and efficient Air Transportation through regulation and proactive safety
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF CIVIL AVIATION

oversight system.”

140 M

123 M
103 M
85 M
70 M

FY 2019 FY 2018 FY 2017 FY 2016 FY 2015

Departures
 ABBREVIATIONS & DESCRIPTIONS

AAI AIRPORT AUTHORITY OF INDIA -

AI AIR INDIA -
ASK is calculated as the sum of
products obtained by multiplying the
ASK AVAILABLE SEAT KILOMETER total number of seats that are
available in each flight stage by the
corresponding stage distance.
BELF is calculated by dividing
BELF BREAK EVEN LOAD FACTOR operating cost per ASK by operating
revenue per RPK.
K THOUSAND -
M MILLION -
MT METRIC TONNE -
PAX PASSENGER -
PLF is a measure of capacity
PLF PASSENGER LOAD FACTOR utilisation of airlines, which is
calculated by dividing RPK by ASK.
RPK is calculated as the sum of the
product obtained by multiplying the
RPK REVENUE PER KILOMETER number of revenue passengers
carried on each flight stage by the
corresponding stage distance
Tonne-kilometres performed expressed
WLF WEIGHT LOAD FACTOR as a percentage of tonne-kilometres
available
Average Seat Capacity is calculated
- AVERAGE SEAT CAPACITY by dividing total ASK by total
Aircraft Km. flown.
Average Stage Length is calculated by
- AVERAGE STAGE LENGTH dividing the total aircraft km flown by
the total number of aircraft departure
 HIGHLIGHTS OF FINANICAL YEAR 2018-19

1+
17 MILLION 140+
DEPARTURES
AIRLINES MILLION
* PAX

DOMESTIC SCHEDULED SERVICES

649
CITY
86 % PAIRS 760+
PLF MT
CARGO

74 %
WLF

*3 National Airlines and 14 Private Airlines

86 6
FOREIGN INDIAN
AIRLINE AIRLINES

363
CITY INTERNATIONAL SCHEDULED SERVICES
PAIRS

63+ 1799+
MILLION MT
PAX CARGO ^

^Only Freight
S.No. CONTENTS PAGE No.

1. PASSENGER TRAFFIC STATISTICS 1-7

2. CARGO TRAFFIC STATISTICS 8-10

3. AIRCRAFT STATISTICS 11-14

4. NSOP STATISTICS 15-16

5. OPERATING ECONOMICS STATISTICS 17-20

6. HUMAN RESOURCE STATISTICS 21-25

7. AIR SAFETY STATISTICS 26

8. OTHER AVIATION RELATED STATISTICS 27-30

 PASSENGER TRAFFIC
Air Passenger Traffic in India, both domestic and international witnessed a positive growth in the year
2018-19 compared to the previous year.

TABLE 1: PASSENGER TRAFFIC AT A GLANCE

TRAFFIC UNIT 2018-19 2017-18

140.33 million 123.32 million

Domestic Passengers Departing Passengers
(13.79) (18.86)

Revenue Passenger 134.88 billion 117.04 billion

Domestic Airline Demand
Kilometers (RPK) (15.24) (18.65)

Available Seat Kilometers 156.78 billion 134.54 billion

Domestic Airline Capacity
(ASK) (16.53) (15.05)
60.59 million
Departing and Arriving 63.88 million
International Passengers (10.8)
Passengers (5.43)

204.21 million 183.91 million

Total Passengers (Domestic & International)
(11.04) (16.08)
Figures in parenthesis refer to percentage change over previous year.

ASK is calculated as the sum of products obtained by multiplying the total number of seats that are
available in each flight stage by the corresponding stage distance.
RPK is calculated as the sum of the product obtained by multiplying the number of revenue passengers
carried on each flight stage by the corresponding stage distance.

CHART 1. PASSENGER TRAFFIC CARRIED BY SCHEDULED CARRIERS OVER THE

LAST TEN YEARS
250.0
-----Passengers (In Million)-----

204.2
200.0 183.9
158.4
135.0 140.3
150.0
123.3
115.8
99.0 98.2 103.7 103.7
100.0 88.9 85.2
77.4
68.4 70.1
53.8 60.8 57.9 60.7
39.5 45.3
50.0 63.9
54.7 60.6
45.7 49.8
38.1 40.3 43.1
28.9 32.1 35.1
0.0
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
2008- 2009- 2010- 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015- 2016- 2017- 2018-

1
The domestic passenger traffic registered a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.53% during
the period 2008-09 to 2018-19 while the international passenger traffic grew at 8.24% (CAGR) during
the same period.
During the year from 2008-09 to 2018-19, the capacity (ASK) in the domestic market grew at a rate of
10.24% (CAGR) while the demand (RPK) grew at 13.59% (CAGR) during the same period.

TABLE 2: YEAR ON YEAR COMPARISON OF NUMBER OF SCHEDULED DOMESTIC

PASSENGERS & PASSENGER LOAD FACTOR (PLF)
PASSENGERS PLF (%)
(In Number)
NAME OF THE
YoY Growth CHANGE
AIRLINE 2018-19 2017-18 2018-19 2017-18
(%) (+/-)
AIR INDIA 15479331 14755383 4.9 81.1 80.5 0.8
AIR INDIA
194080 130787 48.4 64.1 60.7 5.7
EXPRESS
ALLIANCE AIR 1597382 1281251 24.7 69.1 78.2 -11.6

SPICEJET 17655832 16130815 9.5 93 94.7 -1.8

JET AIRWAYS 17245149 18550776 -7.0 83.7 84.3 -0.7

INDIGO 60038171 48955983 22.6 86.8 88.2 -1.6

GO AIR 12570834 10829141 16.1 88.4 88.6 -0.3

JETLITE 2151918 2757497 -22.0 82.5 85.3 -3.3

AIR ASIA 7291535 4984419 46.3 84.3 86 -1.9

VISTARA 5438275 4434987 22.6 84.2 85.9 -1.9

TRUJET 643494 474123 35.7 78 75.6 3.2

AIR CARNIVAL - 1008 - - 66.7 -

ZOOM AIR 11284 27077 -58.3 41.4 74 -44.0

AIR ODISHA 3035 117 2494.0 27.8 27.2 2.1

DECCAN AIR 5335 2552 109.1 43.2 54.3 -20.4

AIR
532 - - 48.5 - -
HERITAGE*
STAR AIR* 7385 - - 54 - -

Note: STAR AIR and AIR HERITAGE started their operations since JANUARY 2019.

The high growth of 13.79% in the total domestic passengers during 2018-19 is mainly due to the high
growth in passengers carried by Air India, IndiGo, SpiceJet, Air Asia, Go Air and Vistara.

2
CHART 2: CAPACITY V/S DEMAND IN DOMESTIC MARKET OVER THE PAST DECADE

180000 100.0
84.3 87.0 86.0
160000 82.8 90.0
79.0
77.3

156784
-----RPK & ASK (In Million)-----

75.1 74.5 73.3 80.0

72.0

-----Pax Load Factor (%)-----

140000

134541
63.7 70.0
120000

116945
60.0
100000

97728
50.0
80000

134881
84805
80716
40.0

78639

117042
76148
60000 68216

98641
61091

30.0
59160

80966
67023
40000 59084

59139
56739
20.0
52707
43959
37704

20000 10.0
0 0.0
- 09 009- 10 010-11 011- 12 012-13 013- 14 014- 15 015- 16 016- 17 017- 18 018- 19
2008 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

RPK (DEMAND) ASK (CAPACITY) PAX LOAD FACTOR

In the year 2018-19, both ASK and RPK in the domestic market registered a positive growth compared
to the previous year. However, the Passenger Load Factor in the domestic market, fell to 86.0 %.

CHART 3: MONTH-WISE YEAR ON YEAR GROWTH IN CAPACITY V/S DEMAND IN

DOMESTIC MARKET, 2018-19

----YoY Growth in Pax Load Factor (%)----

---YoY Growth in RPK & ASK (%)---

30.0 6.0
25.5 23.0
25.0 19.0 4.0
19.3
17.3 19.4
20.0 20.0 17.6 20.0 17.3 2.0
20.0 18.6 18.1 18.8
16.0 16.3
15.1 0.0
14.7
15.0 13.2 10.5
12.2 -2.0
10.0 8.2
4.7 -4.0
5.0 3.0 -6.0

0.0 -8.0
APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR

YoY Growth in RPK YoY Growth in ASK YoY Growth in PLF

In the FY 2018-19, domestic market experienced expansion in capacity as well as demand which is
evident from the Chart 3 as both RPK &ASK witnessed positive growth as compared to the
corresponding months in the previous year i.e. 2017-18. Also, it is evident from the above chart that
YoY growth in PLF is positive only in the month of April & July.

3
CHART 4: MARKET SHARE (%) IN TERMS OF DOMESTIC MARKET DEMAND (RPK)-2018-19

ALLIANCE
JETLITE AIR 0.5%
AIR INDIA
1.3%EXPRESS 0.2%

VISTARA TRUJET 0.2%

5%
AIR ASIA
5% INDIGO
44%
Other Airlines * 0.01%
GO AIR
9%

AIR INDIA
11%

SPICEJET
12% JET AIRWAYS
*ZOOM AIR, STAR AIR, AIR DECCAN, AIR 12%
ODISHA, AIR HERITAGE

CHART 5: DOMESTIC MARKET SHARE (%) IN TERMS OF PASSENGERS CARRIED-2018-19

AIR
ALLIANCE
INDIATRUJET
EXPRESS
AIR
1.1%
0.1%0.5%
VISTARA
4% JETLITE
AIR ASIA 2% OTHERS^
5% 0.02%

GO AIR
9%

INDIGO
43%

AIR INDIA
11%

JET AIRWAYS
12% SPICEJET
13%
^ ZOOM AIR, STAR AIR, AIR DECCAN, AIR ODISHA, AIR HERITAGE

In the year 2018-19 both in terms of RPK and passengers carried, IndiGo had the maximum market
share followed by Jet Airways, SpiceJet and Air India.

4
 CHART 6: PASSENGER LOAD FACTOR (PLF) OF SCHEDULED INDIAN CARRIERS, 2018-19
-----Pax Load fcator (%)-----

100.0 93.0
88.4 86.8
90.0 84.3 84.2 83.7 82.5 81.1
80.0 78.0
69.1
70.0 64.1
60.0 54.0
48.5
50.0 43.2
88.1 41.4
40.0 83.1 83.2 78.2
80.2 27.8
30.0 62.6
20.0
10.0
0.0

E
IR
YS

ES

IR

A
IR
IA
T

RA
O

G
T
TE

IR
IR

H
JE

A
JE

A
PR
SI

A
IG

TA

A
D
A

IS
I

CE
TA
CE

N
TL
A

U
IN

M
D

EX
O

D
I

A
TR

ER
IR

IR

JE

N
IS
IN
I

O
O
G

IR
SP

C
IA

ST
IA

ZO
A

EC

IR
A

D
T

LL

IR

A
D
JE

IN
A

A
IR
A
DOMESTIC INTERNATIONAL

In terms of Passenger Load Factor (PLF), a measure of capacity utilisation of airlines, for scheduled
domestic operations, SpiceJet registered the highest PLF of 93% followed by Go Air (88.4%), IndiGo
(86.8%). SpiceJet also topped the position in terms of scheduled international operations with a PLF of
88.1% followed by Jet Airways (83.2%) and IndiGo (83.1%).

INTERNATIONAL PASSENGER MARKET SHARE

TABLE 3: MARKET SHARE (%) OF SCHEDULED INDIAN CARRIERS AND FOREIGN

CARRIERS IN TERMS OF INTERNATIONAL PASSENGERS CARRIED .

YEAR FOREIGN CARRIERS INDIAN CARRIERS

2009-10 65.5 34.5

2010-11 63.9 36.1

2011-12 63.4 36.6

2012-13 66.2 33.8

2013-14 64.1 35.9

2014-15 63.0 37.0

2015-16 63.4 36.6

2016-17 62.3 37.7

2017-18 61.1 38.9

2018-19 59.9 40.1

5
 TABLE4: MARKET SHARE (%) OF TOP 15 SCHEDULED OPERATORS –
INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS, 2018-19.

NAME OF THE AIRLINE SHARE (IN%)

JET AIRWAYS 12.1

AIR INDIA 10.5

EMIRATES AIRLINE 8.7

INDIGO 7.4

AIR INDIA EXPRESS 6.5

ETIHAD AIRLINES 3.5

SPICEJET 3.5

OMAN AIR 3.4

QATAR AIRWAYS 3.0

SRILANKAN AIRWAYS 3.0

AIR ARABIA 2.8

SAUDIA 2.5

SINGAPORE AIRLINES 2.3

THAI AIRWAYS 2.3

LUFTHANSA 2.0
Out of total 92 scheduled international operators, top 6 operators accounted for nearly 50% of total

THE AMERICAS
CHINA & NORTH ASIA 3%
4%

EUROPE
13%

AFRICA & MIDDLE EAST

52%

ASIA PACIFIC
29%

international Passenger traffic and top 15 operators accounted for nearly three fourth of the total
international Passenger traffic in the year 2018-19. Jet Airways had the maximum market share (12.1%)
followed by Air India (10.5%), Emirates Airline (8.7%), IndiGo (7.4%) and Air India Express (6.5%).

CHART 7: DISTRIBUTION OF INDIA'S INBOUND INTERNATIONAL PASSENEGER

TRAFFIC, 2018-19 6
 CHART 8: DISTRIBUTION OF INDIA'S OUTBOUND INTERNATIONAL PASSENGER
TRAFFIC, 2018-19

More than half of the passenger traffic to and from India is accounted for by the countries in the
Africa & Middle East.

7
CARGO TRAFFIC
Air cargo carried by scheduled airline operators, both domestic and international witnessed a positive
growth in 2018-19.

TABLE 5: CARGO TRAFFIC AT A GLANCE.

THE AMERICAS
CHINA & NORTH ASIA 3%
4%

EUROPE
13%

AFRICA & MIDDLE EAST

51%

ASIA PACIFIC
29%
Figures in parenthesis refer to percentage change over previous year; MT: Metric Tonne.
* International Cargo figures include Freight only.
 120

100
16.7 17.9 20.3 21.2 20 20.13199 20.18 18 15.9
23.07
80

60

40 83.3 82.1 79.7 78.8 80 79.87 79.82 82 84.1

76.9

20

0
- 10 -11 - 12 - 13 - 14 - 15 - 16 - 17 - 18 - 19
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

BELLY CARGO DEDICATED CARGO

CHART 9: CARGO TRAFFIC CARRIED BY SCHEDULED CARRIERS OVER THE LAST

TEN YEARS
*International Cargo figures include Freight only.
--Cargo (Thousand Metric Tonne)--

The domestic cargo traffic registered a growth of 8.3% (CAGR) over the period from 2008-09 to

3000
1799
1734
2500
1513
1368 1404
2000 1292 1220 1238 1262
1139
1072
1500

1000 697 761

592 624 638
465 453 452 509
342 394
500

0
8 -0 9 9 -1 0 0 -1 1 1 -1 2 2 -1 3 3 -1 4 4 -1 5 5 -1 6 6 -1 7 7 -1 8 8 -1 9
20 0 20 0 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1

DOMESTIC INTERNATIONAL*

2018-19 while International cargo traffic grew at 5.3% (CAGR) during the same period.

CHART 10: PROPORTION OF DOMESTIC CARGO CARRIED AS BELLY CARGO AND

8
IN DEDICATED FREIGHTERS
Note: Dedicated cargo refers to the cargo carried by aircrafts solely meant for freight carriage.
The proportion of the total domestic cargo carried as belly cargo is increasing after year 2016-17. In
this financial year the only dedicated cargo carrier was Bluedart Airline.

TABLE 6: PROPORTION OF INTERNATIONAL CARGO* CARRIED BY INDIAN AND

FOREIGN CARRIERS

YEAR INDIAN CARRIERS (%) FOREIGN CARRIERS (%)

2009-10 16.1 83.9

2010-11 20.3 79.7

2011-12 21.1 78.9

2012-13 17.7 82.3

2013-14 18.3 81.7

2014-15 17.8 82.2

2015-16 16.9 83.1

2016-17 18.8 81.2

2017-18 20.5 79.5

2018-19 20.4 79.6

*International Cargo figures include Freight only.

CHART 11: DISTRIBUION OF INDIA'S INBOUND INTERNATIONAL FREIGHT TRAFFIC, 9

 2018-19

THE AMERICAS
2%

CHINA & NORTH ASIA AFRICA & MIDDLE EAST

21% 28%

ASIA PACIFIC
23% EUROPE
27%

CHART 12: DISTRIBUTION OF INDIA'S OUTBOUND INTERNATIONAL FREIGHT

TRAFFIC, 2018-19

THE AMERICAS
2%

CHINA & NORTH ASIA

8%

AFRICA & MIDDLE EAST

ASIA PACIFIC 48%
16%

EUROPE
26%

Freight traffic is coming to India in almost equal proportion from around the World except the freight
traffic from the Americas while from India, almost half of the freight traffic is carried to the countries
in the Africa & Middle East.

AIRCRAFT 10
 TABLE 7: AIRCRAFT STATISTICS AT A GLANCE

SCHEDULED DEPARTURES
2018-19 2017-18
(IN LAKHS)

10.55 9.22
DOMESTIC
(14.43) (13.84)

3.91 3.79
INTERNATIONAL*
(3.17) (9.90)
Figures in parenthesis refer to percentage change over previous year.
*International figure also includes the departures by Indian Airlines which operated totally
outside the territory of India.

As in the case of passenger and freight traffic, aircraft movements (both domestic and international)
also have registered a positive growth in the year 2018-19 over 2017-18.

CHART 13: AVERAGE SEAT CAPACITY* OF SCHEDULED OPERATING INDIAN

FLEET (2018-19)
*Average Seat Capacity= Total ASK / Total Aircraft Km. Flown.

250 233

186 186 180

185
----Average Seat Capacity (In No.)----

200 161 186 177 186

181
157 169
160 160
150 144

100 83
71 71

50 41
18 17
6
0
LIA JET
IA

ITE

ZO R A
GO
R
T

ST IR

DE SHA

R
S

IR

GE
R
SS

JE

AI
AY

DI

AI
AI
AS

EA
A
TL
DI

U
E

TA
ICE

IN
GO

OM
RW

ST

AN
PR

I
AR

TR

OD
JE
R
IN

NC

RI
SP

AI

VI
EX

CC
AI

HE
AI

R
IA

AI
T

R
AL
JE

AI
IN

DOMESTIC INTERNATIONAL
R
AI

TABLE 8: FLEET STATISTICS OF SCHEDULED INDIAN OPERATORS AS ON 31 stMarch,

2019. 11
S. NAME OF THE NUMBER OF
TYPE OF AIRCRAFT SEAT CAPACITY
No. OPERATOR AIRCRAFTS

A320- 216 13 180

1 AIRASIA
A320- 214 7 180
B747- 400 4 423
B777- 200 LR 3 238
B777- 300 ER 15 342
B787- 800 27 256
2 AIR INDIA A320- 231 1 168
A320- 214 9 146
A319- 112 22 122
A321-211 20 172
A320-251N 25 162
AIR INDIA
3 B737-800 25 186
EXPRESS
ATR 42-320 2 48
4 ALLIANCE AIR
ATR72-600 18 70
5 AIR ODISHA Beechcraft 1900D 1 19
6 BLUE DART B757- 200 6 Cargo
7 AIR DECCAN Beechcraft 1900D 3 18

8 A320- 214 19 176

GO AIR
A320- 271N 30 186
A320-232 116 180
A320-214 13 180
INDIGO A320- 271N 71 186
9
A321-271NX 1 -
ATR72- 600 14 74
B737- 700 2 134
B737-800 64 168
B737- 900 6 184
B737-8 MAX 5 168
JET AIRWAYS
10 B777- 300 ER 10 346
A330- 200 4 254
A330- 300 4 293
ATR72- 500 15 72
 ATR72- 600 1 72
B737- 700 2 134
11 JETLITE
B737- 800 5 170
12 PAWAN HANS Dauphin-2 SA 365N 2 13
B737- 700 3 149
B737- 800 28 189
B737- 900 4 212
13 SPICE JET
B737-700F 1 Cargo
Q400 28 78
B737-8 12 189
A320- 232 13 148
14
VISTARA A320- 251N 9 158
ATR 72-500 3 72
15 TRUJET
ATR 72-600 2 70
16 STAR AIR EMB-145LR 2 50
17 AIR HERITAGE SKA 350 1 9
TOTAL 691
Source: Air Transport-I, DGCA

STAGE LENGTH

TABLE 9: AVERAGE STAGE LENGTH* FLOWN (IN KILOMETRES) BY SCHEDULED

INDIAN FLEET, 2018-19

NAME OF THE AIRLINE DOMESTIC OPERATION INTERNATIONAL OPERATION

AIR INDIA 1082.7 6365.2

JET AIRWAYS 852.2 3185.0
AIR INDIA EXPRESS 720.3 2664.0
GO AIR 973.9 2570.5
INDIGO 915.4 2357.4
SPICEJET 776.5 1837.5
VISTARA 1162.6
BLUEDART 1000.7
NO INTERNATIONAL
AIR ASIA 977.0
OPERATIONS 13
DECCAN AIR 891.2 33

ALLIANCE AIR 821.9

 JETLITE 775.4
ZOOM AIR 728.6
STAR AIR 456.5
AIR HERITAGE 360.9

TRUJET 355.4

AIR ODISHA 209.1

*Average Stage Length is calculated by dividing the total aircraft km flown by the total number of aircraft
departure
.

TABLE 10: SUMMARY OF AIR OBJECTS REGISTERED WITH DGCA AS ON 8th

AUGUST,2019

EXPERIMENTAL
MOTOR GLIDER
HANG GLIDER

ULTRA-LIGHT
HELICOPTER
AIRCRAFT

BALLOON

GLIDER

TOTAL
OPERATOR TYPE

SCHEDULED 674 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 677

NON-SCHEDULED 214 198 11 0 1 0 0 0 424

GOVERNMENT 86 72 0 5 23 0 0 0 186

PRIVATE 131 47 14 22 12 2 9 0 237

TRAINING 334 1 0 0 22 2 24 0 383

MISCELLANEOUS 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 33

GRAND TOTAL 1439 321 25 27 58 4 66 0 1940

Source: Directorate of Airworthiness, DGCA.

NON-SCHEDULED OPERATORS (NSOP) 14

 CHART 14: NON-SCHEDULED OPERATORS

450 As on 31.3.2019
406
393
400 361 353 356
350 309
300
-------Number-------

250

200

150 120 126 123 116 111

97
100

50

0
4 5 6 7 8 9
3- 1 4- 1 5- 1 6- 1 7- 1 8- 1
201 201 201 201 201 201

Number of aircrafts (including helicopters) Number of Operators

Source: Directorate of Air Transport- I

CHART 15: TOP 15* NSOP-DOMESTIC (AIRCRAFT) OPERATIONS (%SHARE)-2018-19

Out of the total 73 NSOP domestic (aircraft) operators, top 15 operators accounted for more than 60 %
of the total number of domestic flights operated in the year 2018-19.

Zest Aviation 1.5

VRL Logistics 1.6
GMR Aviation 1.7
Alchemist Airways 2.3
Reliance Transport 2.3
Saraya Aviation 2.6
Span Air 3.0
Indian Flysafe Aviation 3.8
Reliance Commercial 4.6
VSR Ventura 5.2
Aryan Aviation 5.5
A R Airways 5.5
Ventura Airconnect 6.9
Air Charter Service 7.6
Trans Bharat Aviation 10.1
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0

* In terms of number of flights operated.

CHART 16: TOP 15* NSOP-INTERNATIONAL (AIRCRAFT) OPERATIONS (%SHARE), 2018-19 15

 GMR Aviation 2.3%
Karnavati Aviation 2.6%
Shobha Purvankara 2.6%
Zest Aviation 3.1%
Jupiter Capital 3.1%
Airmid Aviation 3.2%
Raymond Limited 3.3%
Spectrum Aero 4.0%
Indian Flysafe Aviation 4.1%
Viking Aviation 4.8%
Reliance Transport 5.7%
Empire Aviation 6.4%
Poonawalla Aviation 7.1%
Air Charter Service 10.5%
Reliance Commercial 15.7%
0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 16.0% 18.0%

* In terms of number of flights oper-

ated.

Out of the total 38 non-scheduled international (aircraft) operators, top 15 operators accounted almost
80% of the total number of international flights operated in the year 2018-19.

CHART 17: TOP 3* NON-SCHEDULED HELICOPTER OPERATIONS (% SHARE), 2018-19

Pawan Hans Limited

11.2%

Himalayan Heli
Services 13.8%

Global Vectra He-

licorp 58.2%

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0%

* In terms of number of flights operated.

Out of the total 52 non-scheduled Helicopter operators, top 3 operators accounted for more than 80%
of the total number of flights operated in the year 2018-19.

OPERATING ECONOMICS 16
CHART 18: COMPARISON OF PASSENGER LOAD FACTOR (PLF) AND BREAK-EVEN
LOAD FACTOR (BELF), 2017-18

120.0 11.5 10.2 20.0

9.8
6.3 3.4 -6.7 106.7 108.4 108.7
-1.4 -2.6 95.9
100.0 -5.7 92.7 0.0
87.3 -11.7
86.7 86.1 85.5
-17.8 -20.8
78.5 77.6
80.0 -20.0
70.5 -32.9
64.7 66.0
----BELF & PLF (%)----

87.4 93.6 85.3 86.0

DIFFERNECE (PLF-BELF)
60.0 83.5 79.7 85.9 -40.0
88.6 74.0 78.2 75.6
76.2
40.0 54.3 -60.0

-81.5
20.0 -80.0
27.2
0.0 -100.0
IR O T R . S IA IA A T
PR ESS GO A INDIG PICE JE OM AI P) LTD RWAY IR IND AIR AS DECCAN CE AIRVISTAR TRUJE DISHA
( I N IR O
DIA EX S ZO LITE ET A
T J
A AIR ALLIA A
IN JE
AIR
BELF PLF DIFFERNECE (PLF-BELF)

PLF=RPK/ASK BELF=Operating Cost Per ASK/ Operating Revenue

per RPK

A higher PLF implies that an airline is successful in selling available seats. However, higher PLF may
not result in higher operating profit. When PLF is less than break-even load factor, the airline in
question is running losses. Evidently, in the year 2017-18, only Air India Express, Go Air, Indigo,
SpiceJet and Zoom Air were operating at a PLF higher than break-even load factor (BELF). According
to this measure of performance, Air India Express was the best performer and Air Odisha was the
worst performer during the year 2017-18.

17
CHART 19: APPROXIMATE COST STRUCTURE OF AVIATION INDUSTRY IN INDIA,
2017-18

User charges
9.7% Ticketing sales and Promotion
5.5% Other Expenses
Flights Equipment Maintenance 8.0%
& Overhaul
10.1%
Depreciation and amortization
3.6%
General and Administrative
10.3%
Flight Crew salary & Expenses
3.5%

Rentals of Flight Equipment Pax Services

13.9% 3.0%

Fuel
32.4%

The chart depicting the general trend of cost structure of aviation industry has been worked out from available
information in AT-II division, DGCA

While decomposing the airline industry cost structure, it can be seen that Fuel cost accounts for
(32.4%) of the Operating Cost of Indian aviation industry (scheduled operations) followed by Rental
of Flight Equipment(13.9%), General and Administrative costs(10.3%), Flight equipment
Maintenance & Overhaul (10.1 %)and User Charges(including landing and associated airport charges
and Air Navigation charges) (9.7%).

CHART-20: OPERATING COST PER ASK, 2017-18

12.0
11.2
10.0
----Operating Cost Per ASK (In Rupees)----

10.0
8.9
8.0
6.9
6.4
6.0 5.0 4.7
4.4 4.8 4.5 3.2
4.2 4.3 3.3
4.3 3.7 3.6 3.6
4.0 3.6 3.5
3.4 3.4 3.2
2.3
2.0

0.0
S
JET AIR ITE AIR AYS ICEJET O AIR INDIA STARA DIGO R ASIA XPRES
TRU IANCE JETL OOM AIRW SP G AIR VI IN A I E
ALL Z JET IA
IR IND
A
UNADJUSTED OPERATING COST PER ASK ADJUSTED OPERATING COST PER ASK

Operating cost per ASK adjusted for industry average stage length of
1052.2

18
The cost comparison was undertaken before and after adjusting Operating Cost to Average Stage
Length. Because of high fixed cost of airlines unit cost decrease as distance increases. Hence, a stage
length adjustment is necessary for fairer comparison. In the year 2017-18, IndiGo and Air Asia had the
least Adjusted Operating Cost Per ASK (adjusted for stage length) i.e. Rs 3.2 and 3.3 respectively. In
the same year, Air Odisha and Air Deccan had the exceptionally highest Adjusted Operating Cost Per
ASK (adjusted for stage length) i.e. Rs 228.3 and 396.3 respectively.

CHART-21: COMPARISON OF PASSENGER YIELD OF SCHEDULED INDIAN

CARRIERS, 2017-18

16.0
13.9
14.0
12.0
-----Rupees Per RPK -----

12.0
10.1
10.0 8.7
8.0

6.0 5.3 5.1

4.3 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8
4.0
3.6 3.3
2.0

0.0
A T IR E R S T S
N
IS H ECCA RUJE CE A T LIT M AI WAY ICEJE O AIR IND IA TARA DIGO ASIA PRES
D T JE O R P G IS IN IR X
AIR
O
AIR
D IAN ZO ET AI S AIR V A IA E
ALL J IND
AIR
Passenger Yield

Passenger Yield=Passenger Revenue/RPK

Passenger yield is a measure of average fare paid per passenger km flown, calculated by dividing
Passenger Revenue by Revenue Passenger Kilometers. In the year 2017-18, Air India Express had the
lowest passenger yield followed by Air Asia and Indigo.

19
 TABLE 11: FINANCIAL SUMMARY OF ALL SCHEDULED INDIAN CARRIERS- 2017-18
OPERATING OPERATING OPERATING
AIRLINES
REVENUE EXPENSES RESULT
(RS. IN MILLION)

SCHEDULED NATIONAL CARRIERS

230,036.7 246,617.4 -16,580.7
AIR INDIA

36,196.8 30,725.4
AIR INDIA EXPRESS 5,471.4

5,931.4 7,278.5 -1,347.1

ALLIANCE AIR

272,164.9 284,621.3 -12,456.4

SUBTOTAL (A)

SCHEDULED DOMESTIC PRIVATE CARRIERS

232,570.4 239,784.5 -7,214.1
JET AIRWAYS

12,937.6 13,149.8 -212.2

JET LITE (P) LTD.

46,752.2 41,393.4 5,358.8

GO AIR

77,950.9 72,735.7 5,215.3

SPICE JET

230,208.9 204,442.5 25,766.4

INDIGO

18,011.3 19,425.7 -1,414.4

AIR ASIA

21,374.3 26,539.6 -5,165.3

VISTARA

1,956.8 2,808.2 -851.5

TRUJET

6,713.0 6,438.0 275.0

BLUE DART

174.0 165.9 8.1

ZOOM AIR

629.3 764.8 -135.5

AIR DECCAN

13.85 55.33 -41.48

AIR ODISHA

649,292.6 627,703.5 21,589.1

SUBTOTAL (B)

GRAND TOTAL 921,457.5 912,324.8 9,132.7

(A+B)

20
HUMAN RESOURCE
 TABLE 12: PERSONNEL STATISTICS OF SCHEDULED INDIAN OPERATORS FOR THE
YEAR 2017-18

MAINTENAN TICKETIN ALL TOTAL

NAME OF PILOTS OTHER
CABIN CE & G & SALES OTHER (ALL
THE & CO- FLIGHT
CREW OVERHAUL PERSONN PERSONN PERSONNE
AIRLINE PILOTS CREW
PERSONAL EL EL L)

INDIGO 2,350 162 4,635 1,273 248 9,392 18,060

JET
1,777 485 4,035 2,039 923 6,548 15,807
AIRWAYS

AIR INDIA 1,340 0 1,829 611 2,212 4,895 10,887

SPICEJET 674 53 1,202 638 468 5,464 8,499

GO AIR 423 137 698 440 555 1,134 3,387

VISTARA 249 0 511 135 55 971 1,921

AIR ASIA 248 0 503 170 14 1,308 2,243

BLUE DART 57 0 0 151 0 888 1,096

AIR INDIA
290 0 630 84 59 213 1,276
EXPRESS

JETLITE 127 1 264 295 0 32 719

ALLIANCE
187 0 147 0 0 268 602
AIR

TRUJET 49 33 58 125 44 286 595

ZOOM AIR 30 0 18 15 38 26 127

AIR
4 0 5 38 4 60 111
DECCAN

AIR ODISHA 8 2 4 8 20 20 62
GRAND
TOTAL
7,813 873 14,539 6,022 4,640 31,505 65,392
(ALL
AIRLINES)

Out of the total scheduled airline personnel of 65,392, 27.6% is employed by Indigo followed by Jet
Airways (24.2%), Air India Ltd (16.65%) and SpiceJet (13%).

21
 CHART-22: PILOT LICENCES ISSUED BY DGCA
Source: Directorate of Training & Licensing, DGCA.
CPL- Commercial Pilot License; ATPL-Air Transport Pilot License; PPL- Private Pilot License.

ASK PER EMPLOYEE

700
633
601 596
600 569 554
---Number of licences issued---

518
500 458
411
400

300

200
135
100 106
83 89
100 64
47 35 42
17
0
male female total male female total
2017-18 2018-19
CPL ATPL PPL

Available Seat Kilometer (ASK) per Employee is an indicator of efficiency both in terms of
capacity planning and utilization of work force and is calculated by dividing Available Seat
Kilometers by Number of Employees. In terms of the ASK per employee, JetLite is the most
efficient after the National airlines.

CHART-23: ASK PER EMPLOYEE, (2017-18)

ASK Per Employee

-----ASK Per Employee (In Million)-----

6.0 5.6

5.0

4.0 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.4

3.1
3.0
2.5 2.3
2.0

1.0
0.4 0.3
0.0
* TE YS EJET ET IR
INES JETLI AIRWA INDI
GO IR
GO A VISTA
RA R ASIA
SPIC TRUJ ZOOM A
AL AIRL JE T AI
N
N ATIO

* National Airlines Includes Air India, Air India Express & Alliance Air.
REVENUE PER EMPLOYEE 22

Revenue per employee is an indicator of productivity of human resource of an airline and is

calculated by dividing Operating Revenue by Number of Employees. Employee productivity was
highest for National Airlines followed by JetLite and Jet Airways.

CHART 24: REVENUE PER EMPLOYEE- 2017-18

* National Airlines Includes Air India, Air India Express & Alliance Air.

Revenue Per Employee

-----Revenue Per Employee (Rs. In Million)----

22.0
19.8
20.0
18.0
18.0
16.0 14.7
13.8
14.0 12.7
12.0 11.1
10.0 9.2
8.0
8.0
5.7
6.0
4.0 3.3
2.0 1.4

0.0
*
NE ITE AYS O AIR IGO STARA ICEJET R ASIA ECCAN TRUJET M AIR
IRLI JETL AIRW G IND VI SP AI
AL A
JET AIR
D ZOO
ION
NAT

23
TABLE 13: DGCA APPROVED AME TRAINING INSTITUTES (AS ON 8th AUGUST, 2019)

REGION STATE NUMBER OF AME INSTITUTES

DELHI 3

HARYANA 3

UTTAR PRADESH 4
NORTH-13
RAJASTHAN 1

UTTARAKHAND 1

PUNJAB 1

BIHAR 1
EAST-2
ODISHA 1

MAHARASHTRA 11

GUJARAT 2
WEST-16
MADHYA PRADESH 3

TAMIL NADU 4
SOUTH-15
KERALA 5

KARNATAKA 3

TELANGANA 3

TOTAL 46
Source: Directorate of Airworthiness, DGCA.

24
TABLE 14: DGCA APPROVED FLYING TRAINING ORGANISATIONS FOR FY 2018-19 .

STATE OWNERSHIP NUMBER OF FLYING ORGANIZATION

Private/Public Ltd. 3
TELANGANA
StateGovt. 1

GUJARAT Private/Public Ltd. 2

HARYANA StateGovt. 1

State Govt. 1
KARNATAKA
Private 1

MADHYA PRADESH Private/Trust/Public Ltd. 4

Society 1

MAHARASHTRA Private 4

State Govt. 1

JHARKHAND PRIVATE 1

BIHAR State Govt. 1

ODISHA State Govt. 1

PUNJAB State Govt. 1

RAJASTHAN Private 1

Private/Trust 5
UTTAR PRADESH
Central Govt. 1

UTTRAKHAND Private 1

KERALA State Govt. 1

TOTAL 32
Source: Directorate of Flying Training, DGCA

25
 AIR SAFETY

TYPE OF OPERATOR

YEAR NON- FLYING

SCHEDULED GOVT. PRIVATE FOREIGN TOTAL
SCHEDULED TRAINING
OPERATORS OPERATORS OPERATORS OPERATORS ACCIDENTS
OPERATORS INSTITUTE

2011 0 6 2 2 0 1 11

2012 0 3 2 2 2 0 9

2013 0 5 2 1 0 0 8

2014 1 2 2 1 0 0 6

2015 4 5 1 0 0 0 10

2016 3 3 0 1 0 0 7

2017 1 3 2 1 0 1 8

2018 1 4 3 0 0 0 8

Source: Directorate of Air Safety, DGCA

TABLE 15: YEAR-WISE NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS

TYPE OF INCIDENT

YEAR
NON- FLYING
SCHEDULED GOVT. PRIVATE FOREIGN TOTAL
SCHEDULED TRAINING
OPERATORS OPERATORS OPERATORS OPERATORS INCIDENTS
OPERATORS INSTITUTE

2015 4 0 0 0 0 1 5

2016 10 1 0 0 0 0 11

2017 11 0 0 0 0 1 12

2018 17 0 0 0 0 2 19

Source: Directorate of Air Safety, DGCA.

TABLE 16: YEAR-WISE NUMBER OF SERIOUS INCIDENTS

OTHER AVIATION RELATED STATISTICS 26

CHART-25: FOREIGN TOURIST ARRIVAL & INTERNATIONAL INBOUND PAX TRAFFIC
Source: Ministry of Tourism.

35.0
----No. of Passengers (In Million)----

31.4
30.0 29.3
26.575029
25.0 23.8
22.4
21.2
20.0 18.9 19.8
17.4
15.7
15.0 14.1
13.1
11.3
9.7 10.0 10.6
10.0 8.0 8.8
7.0 7.7
5.8 6.3 6.6
4.5 5.1 5.3 5.2
5.0 3.9

0.0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

An important aspect of international traffic to and from India pertains to trend in foreign tourist
arrivals in India. In 2018, Foreign Tourist Arrivals accounted for 33.6% of inbound international
traffic in India.

CHART 26: ATF CONSUMPTION OVER THE DECADE

9000
----ATF Consumption (Thousand metric

8325
8000 7633
6998
7000
6262
6000 5536 5505 5723
5078 5271
tonne)----

5000 4627

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
(P)
ATF CONSUMPTION

Source: Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas.

27
 The Air Turbine Fuel (ATF) consumption growth in India has been moving in tandem with the
growth of air traffic. In the year 2018-19 (P), ATF consumption went up by 9.07% which is
consistent with increase in aircraft and air traffic movement.

CHART 27: YOY GROWTH OF ATF CONSUMPTION, 2018-19 (P)

734
722
----ATF Consumption (000 metric tonne)----

----YoY Growth in ATF Consumption (%)----

708

678

719

679
680

800 18.0

695
669

679

677
686

708

691
661
16.0

650
700

632
627

615
614
613
611
610

600

600 14.0
12.0
500
10.0
400
8.0
300
6.0
200 4.0
100 2.0
0 0.0
r

y
y
r

ch
ril

st
ay

ly
ne

be

be

be
be

ar

ar
gu
Ju
Ap

ar
Ju

nu

br
em

em

m
to

M
Au

ce

Fe
Oc

Ja
ov
pt

De
Se

2017-18 2018-19 (P) YoY Growth in ATF Consumption

Source: Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas.

TABLE 17: AIRPORTS IN INDIA (AS ON 31st March, 2019)

2018-19
TYPE OF AIRPORT
NON-
OPERATIONAL TOTAL
OPERATIONAL

INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS OF AAI 20 20

INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS OF AAI

3 3
(CIVIL ENCLAVES)
INTERNATIONAL JOINT VENTURE /
PRIVATE AIRPORTS WHERE CNS/ATM 4 4
IS PROVIDED BY AAI.
(A)-TOTAL INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS 27 27

CUSTOMS AIRPORTS OF AAI 5 5

CUSTOMS AIRPORTS OF AAI (CIVIL

4 4
ENCLAVES)

(B)-TOTAL CUSTOMS AIRPORTS 9 9

DOMESTIC AIRPORTS OF AAI

51 51
(OPERATIONAL)

28
DOMESTIC AIRPORTS OF AAI (NON-
24 24
OPERATIONAL)
DOMESTIC AIRPORTS OF AAI (CIVIL
20 20
ENCLAVES)
DOMESTIC PRIVATE / STATE GOVT./
U.T. AIRPORTS WHERE CNS/ATM IS 9 9
PROVIDED BY AAI.
ADDITIONAL AIRPORTS BEING
58 58
DEVELOPED UNDER RCS UDAN 1,2,3,3.1
ADDITIONAL WATER AERODRAMES
BEING DEVELOPED UNDER RCS UDAN 15 15
1,2,3,3.1
(C)-TOTAL DOMESTIC AIRPORTS 153 24 177

TOTAL AIRPORTS(A+B+C) 189 24 213

PRIVATE GREENFIELD AIRPORT 2 2

ADDITIONAL AIRPORTS BEING
DEVELOPED/PROPOSED TO BE 2
DEVELOPED.
Source: Airport Authority of India.

INTERNATIONAL JOINT VENTURE/ PRIVATE AIRPORTS WHERE CNS/ATM IS PROVIDED BY

AAI

S. No. NAME OF AIRPORT

1. Bangalore International Airport Limited (BIAL), KARNATAKA

2. Cochin International Airport Limited (CIAL), KERALA

3. Hyderabad International Airport Limited (GHIAL), TELANGANA

4. Kannur International Airport Limited (KIAL), KERALA

DOMESTIC PRIVATE/STATE GOVT./ U.T AIRPORTS WHERE CNS/ATM IS APPROVED BY AAI

Sl. No. NAME OF AIRPORT

1. Jagdalpur Airport

2. Lengpui Airport (State Govt., Mizoram)

3. Mundra Airport (Private, Gujarat)

4. Nanded Airport (MADC, Maharashtra)

5. Nasik (HAL OZAR, Maharashtra

6. Pithoragarh Airport

29
 7. Vijayanagar (JSW, Karnataka)

PRIVATE GREENFIELD AIRPORT

Sl. No. NAME OF AIRPORT

1. Durgapur (West Bengal)

2. Shirdi (Maharashtra)

ADDITIONAL AIRPORTS BEING DEVELOPED/PROPOSED TO BE DEVELOPED

Sl. No. NAME OF AIRPORT

1 Thanjavur, ( Tamil Nadu)

2 Bareilly (CE), (Uttar Pradesh)

Source: Airport Authority of India.

30
 OFFICERS OF DIRECTORATE OF AIR TRANSPORT-II, DGCA ASSOCIATED WITH THE
PUBLICATION

JOINT DIRECTOR GENERAL

MR. G. RAJASEKAR

DEPUTY DIRECTOR
MS. RUCHIKA SHARMA

ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
MR. MUKUND BIHARI
MR. G. RAMACHANDRA

SENIOR STATISTICAL OFFICER

MR. MANI BHUSHAN
MR. MUKESH KUMAR

Notes:
1. Sources of data: Directorate of Air Transport- II, unless otherwise specified.
2. Data published in the handbook is provisional.