Seminare Algebră III

Păun Liviu,
Grupa 222

05.10.2021 → me fdosim de structure imelului

Z
Seminar 1 UEUIZEI] ) ⇐sull →
(at bill dial
v

= e

p a bi a b
I
-

PBI ¥3 e) i(x5 e) dtci-a.fi

-
= =

at ft
-

Aft GZ of -1ft
-

23 5
✗ -

p ✗ -

f
✗ 8++3
18 13
✗23-1×18 ✗ + ✗ +
-

8- I tell ⇐>
(F) ce 2- [ i ] ai u C =p
-
after I e of -162=1
i
-
✗ 184×13
u=atbi
✗
B- I

-
✗ 134×8 PB 5
2-
izti in Z[i]
8
✗
-

l
Rot (F) C C- Z[ i] ai 12 it .c=3+i
-

-
✗ 8-1×3
is l c=3ti 6+51-1=5+5i = Eti c- Z[i]
⇐,
-
=

2- i 5 5
✗ 23-1=1×5 e)( ✗ -
"
+ ✗
"
+✗ 8++31+(+3-1)
13+202
PBG ? in ZEE] { atbrzla bez}
rz
=
,
>+

Ha e) :(✗b- e) %Ñ-1252=391-652-1352-4 35-752=5-52

-

Glc 11th bk -21+9

Roz C- ZEE]
b
=

-19
-

+ a- c 7
-

+ ✗ +
-

✗ 9- 2
. . .
,
3+52
RIH :X -
l

Agadag 3+82 /
ZEE]
13+252

a. BE A
b= %% -252=39-652
alle ⇐>
c-is ⇐> (F) CEA ai b- 1352+4=43
1952--4=3 ¥52 ZEE]
-

a. ac ¢
-

-
-

3+52 7 7
:
Ayadar 3- EX 13+252
ZLTE]
A 10 (7) [ =
O ai a. 0=0

l l a (7) c- a c-- A ai e- a= a PB 7 24+5 23 C- UlZ[ 233) ?

Rot 21-23 ]={ a-ibrzla.be Z}
PBZ UEA am unitate dacñ left
UlZ[ 233)
.

Roz (F) CE Z[i] ai .

u C =L
-

⇐s UEUIZLT ] ) ⇐> all 24+5 23 C- ⇐> 1=124+5521 /a+bF3 ) ,

a ,bEZ
ZE]
24-5%3 24-5523
24-15 C- 21-723]

{
l l = I = = = =

242-124+11124 e) 242-(242-1)
-

24+5025 242-25.23 -

(-171-1)=1
✗5-1×3 x2
M
PB 3 I ✗ l ⇐>
121m
l m
122
-
- =

it
-

i. c- e
-
-

"
✗5-1×3
2- I "
E
>
/ ✗ e
C-ii. i = 1 n= -

✗ -

Paix e) -
1×2+11

trebuieoaneasigwiamcñmumai sunt sie alte unita:b e) 1×3-17

→
1×4
.
 1×2+11 / ✗ e) 1×2-1×+1 )
-

11×69 -

e) 1×62+11 PBA 3512m -

l ⇐>
121m

☒+ e) 1×-111×4×+4 11×39 e) 1×32 -1111×4+4 ✗ 2-

M
-
Rot ✗5-1×3 -
1 I ✗ -
l ⇐> 121m
•
{
* 1) IX e) 1×4×+11 / (☒ E- e)1×4-1×4 1) 1×32
+ - c-
e) ( ✗ + e)
✗ =2 PBG
ired ZLI] QLI] REX] tredeectibil ① Ex] ( mods ,
-755/2^-1=-0
in in 512m

{
, , ,
-
i

12m
izm
5-7=35
-
e z a (
/ 1×-111×4 e) 1×4×+111×39 lmod 71
'

☒ +
1) 1×-111×4×-111 + e) I 15171=1 7- .
, 2+2^-1=-0
2m lmodsi ) Im=i Zs
{ IM
in

{
Polimoameleired dim ELI]
:L cordial 15
grad II
m=
: ⇐ (

Polinoamele Dad dim 2m lmodnt) __ I in Zz Old

grad sie I
REX] : a ☐ <0 _=e = > 12116 m =3

PHI c- KLI] ,
K -

cop
Prue are said

12,3} } =
> P -
ired .
cordial :{ mc-nvtlam-l.ak-tlv-lh-e.me }
degP= am , , Lami : i =p akm=l am -_
I =3
mlm
A- a) 1 PM ⇐>
Plato
⇐S PHI =/ ✗ -
a) .
Qlxl we Qlx) c- KLI]
PIH =/ a✗ + b) 0-1×1

TEIQ
☒ + e) ( ✗ -
e) 1×4×-11) I ✗
M
- l ⇐> 12 In

"

h-ad.pcdxm-lun-ad-acinitedeodimmaleunit-a.tn
"

t #3
✗
i ✓ ✗2
X
"
0
-
l =

✗
5- ✗ m= NICOS ✗ + i sin
,
✗i
d)
d -12kt
Ken Lt Zhi
)
✗R
-

z ✗ = ☒ [ pay ti sin
y n m
'
✗ f Xm
12=0 , M -
l
/ \

✗8
Ig ✗
do

¥
^

☒+ a) 1×-111×4×+1) / XM l -

✗ z=
,

QIN 1Pa) ⇐ sorice kid a hie Q

-1<300 ✗ i. cos
este raid .

sie pt P si ma Emp I
/ oj
✗

12.10.2021
Seminar 2
PB82-lb-ift-izi.z.si ,
7- + i ? in Z[ i ]

Roz 2-15 i 17-13 i (F) CEZEI ] ai

'

⇐> c. 12+54--7+31
• .

14-351-+6 i -115=29-29 I
7-13 i =
=p -
ie Z[i ]
z, , , 22-152 29

14-35 i Gi 15 l ↳ ti
g- →i
-

Zti]
-
-

✗ 7--3 i
-

=
= ¢ £+5 i
Fsi 29 29

Pp .
ia 2+5 it 7- + i N 12+541 Nitti ) ( >
=
29150 Fats
2-15 i ✗ 7-+ I

2- , Izz Nlze) INLZZ)

¥
NIatbrdl-la-brdlla-brdll-l.az lfdl -

PBS 1+55 I 1-55

i, in Z[r5 )
6-255
1- 55
d -155
=

- ↳
=
-3-2+1255 ¢-21551 =
{ a-ibis / a. GEZ }

1+55 ✗ l -
55 in ZLTE]

1+05 I d- Fs in 2- [ ¥5 ] =/ at b. 1+15-1 a.bez }

=/ 2a-ib-brb-la.be
2
Z}

{ yrd }
Ix
,yeZ
✗+
✗
=zy
= ,
2
ZLTD ] incl
¥
'
b- la AEZ} ER
PBR A- -

{ at ,

sabine

Z['_¥ ] + incl 7=-43 7=-41

✗
YEA ✗
YEA OK
-

✗
iyet
→ +
YEA
i A c- 0K

.lt#-//c+d.l+z-F/-.ac+ad.l+zI--ibcl+z-Ft-bd.(+I--Y=-.act3-bzd-/ad-
¢-1b
be + Gd ) .lt#-
'

1+2%-1-7=4+21 =3
,
+
¥7
 3b¥ bdzez
"

ace 3¥ c- Z c- Z b sand tab .

☐a- tie
pas f- 1312A -136 1313A 2b -

13129+3 b 1318.12A -13hr)

[ 2- ¥]
"

trebuiesa-avemgsij-alaparitatealuia.to
Atuncicamdluoiam cu 13 1 16 a +246
ca sie fie imel . 13 1 13 a -13A -126 b- 2b
D= Z Erd] imel 2b
e cut pt 131 3A
-

ca .

N / 8-13571=64-63--1
PB lo Gla b Nla-16071=192-764
il al lo sie < an

7+9 i I 9+7i

}
al b Nla) 1 Nl b) NI b) DID ai ? in Z[ i]
Mal = -

) =

lol a Need 1 Nia , { 43,5 , 15}

Deg =

Eti UIZEI ] ) { ± i. }
7+9 i
= a c- =
±i Des =
{ It , -13 ,
-15,1=15 }
=/
.

(7+9 it i = ti g 113 kit 1) , 13 -41

- . . -
. -

4- + gi ) -
1- it =
-
ti -19 -1
, . . . > -113 -
4i )

ii ) 7+252 5+52 in ZEE] i , . . .

,
IIB -
4i )

ill} kit }
}
N/ 5+021 23
5+rz
i -

74252 ✗
-

=
-
. . -

, ,

N / 7-12021=4 , NIB Gil -

=
169 -116 =
185=5-37
ail 23 -113B€ 5 -

B in ZEB] NIZ , ) C- / 1, 5,37, 185 }

NI 23+13 B) =
1232-132-31 = 529-507--22 13-14i ✗ 13 Gi -

NI 5- B) = 125-31=22 Obs is tiene -

i elementeledemdm-a2sunttoateasoc.in divizibilitate
23+1353 =
115+65 B -12353+39 = 154+8853=7+4 ☐ c- ZEB ]
ii) at bi ✗ a- bi Nlatbil =/ 1 , -1-2
5- 53 22 22
ki Bi 22 Ili
13 26 Bi 4
¢22T]
-

UIZEFS] )
- - -

Not-1 ↳ B) 7+453 PB 13
-

=
49-48=1 c- =
=

5
2-Ii 5
'

26-81413 i -14 30+51

13 ki =6+i
Z[i ] Z
-

1312A-136
=

PBII 2+3i 1 a + bi im ⇐>

in =
g-
2- i 5

Roz u= > "

(F) cedi c- Z[i ] 2-it 13 bi -

12+3 ill ctdil = at bi Gti I 13 -

ki 6- i ✗ 13-41 '

2C -

3d -112cL -13C) i at bi
12+416+4=13 Ki
=
-

3d=a
{
2C i. z
UEUIZLTJI }
-

Deng =
{ lie v12 -

it , 16 title , (13 - Leila I

2d -13C
,
b ai
-

=
1-3

6d 2A -136
PB.lk el dim Z[Ft] + ± , inv
4C Gd -19C = .

-
+
Nla -16571--192-704 = 1
2A -13A =
13C : 13
Obsoniam verified
'

ca 8- 357

Z[i] >
at

£+zi
bi
=
za -136+42 b- 3A )

13 ÷ i

19 oct 2021
Seminar 3
atom ired ⇐
prim
-
-

ZLTD] → elem .

prime
•
0=1 at bird C- Z[Td ] IUIZLTD ] )
Fie ñ -
-
a -1 brd

DA NO
Nlñlprim ?
v
v
DA
ñprim la , et =p ? > ñmeprim
in ZLTD] Zod
in ]
^
7
R NU
u
NO
Nlñ)=p2
?
p prim
-

Da UDA to
Fd¢Zp
Fact F- I -0
Zp Zp
⇐>
me are
sohifii in

PB 15 Z[F5] demonstrate cñ 13 si 3+25-5

,
=

prime
Roz 13--13+055 113,01=13
Nits) 132 prism
=p Cee
p
= -

✗ 2=d^ me are sad in ZB

✗ 2=-5 nee are idol in Zaz
± I 1=-5 É I
'

✗ o Ii ±I ± -5 1=5 ± .ci .
-
.
. .

✗
2
8 i I § -5 iz to

✗2=-5 = §
conform tabelului Ence este un pñtnat perf 58¢ Zeng
13 este
prim
v13 -12 F-51--9+4-5 29
Prim 3-125-5
Prim
= -

= > e

PBIG Z[F5] is 3+55 atom meptiem

ii ) 7- F5 reduction
 heductibil ⇐> (F) a ,bEZ[F5] 1012/[0-5]) ai ñ =
a. b & i I iz
¥
± ±
.

o i ai I
a c- ZED] este atom dacñ :
☒ ¢ Zz ⇐
☒ d- c- Zz ai d"= É
at 0
.

act 01 2Nd ] ) ⇐> Nla) =/ l Ayadar 7 este

prim in ZEE]
a-
-

b -
c , b ce ZLTD ] b saw CEUIZLTD]
ZEB] reductive
,
PB 18 2,3 5 , sie 56
it Nl 3-1 FE ) =3 +5=14 =/ 1 Roz -561lb -1561
2=1 a → (-2+8112-156)
Fie G C C- Z[F5] ,
ai .
3+5-5 =
b. c 3=(3+06 713-56)
Treason la norma- Nts -1 Fs ) = Nlb ) -

Nlc ) = 14 ⇐> -5=(1+5611-1+56) = -

le 6)
-
=
-1-51=5
⇐ is Nlb 1=1 Nlc ) = 14 BE 012-[5-5] ) ok 56=(3-56×2+8)
ii) Nlbl Nlc) -7 Iacem calaele paina-
gñsim merge
-2
area care
- -

iii. I Nlbl =
7 Nlc ) =
2 2=1-2+56112+561
in) Nlb) =
14 → Nlcs =
1 CEUIZ [5-5] ) ok 3=(3+56113-56)
Pentru il sie il ar fi seificientoa-coiatamca-13-lel.de normie 2 san 7
56=13-56112+8 )
Z[F5]
x+yF5 C-

vorie-icadacasuntunita.li?imuseentPBl9ZIro3isp--
2=+2
caladium mormeletutioror
pentru a

2- Nl-
✗
+yF5 ) ⇐>
-15J
J 5£25 it
5£25 I Prim
=3 >
z e :S =

ii ) atom
g-
Deciy :O ✗2=2 ✗ = -152 ¢-2
ñii n
-
-
reductibil
Azad ar ☒) el.de norma- 2 in Z[F5 ] Roz Nll + to ) =
I e- lol =
9

{idea 3+5-5 atom meprim la , b) =p

149
iii 7- Fs reductibil NI 7- + to 1 =
101--39=3-13 > 7- + to +
prim
- =

Obseriam ia (2+55)/1 - f-51=2 -25-5+5-5 -15 =

7-5-5
7- =

prim ?
N 171=72 ⇐s to ¢ Zz
cam ?
N / 7- f-51--49+5--54
am
g- unsaid
=
2-33
✗
?
8 ± i ± I -1-5 = > to ¢ Zz
✗ 0 i ¢ I
Ne uitam la 2,3 , 6,9 , 18,27 (daca (7) moime )
Deci 7- in ZERO]
prim
2- -
atom neprim ?
N 121=4
neprim
PB 17 ZEE] Dem .ca 7 sie 5- Ro sunt prime X
2
y
-
=
.

Rot Nl5 561--125-61=19 =phim 5- 56 Prim in ZLTG] 4-

My ) NIH .
- -

Not 1=72 mon

prim Nlt)
Nlyl laz-qz.io/=z -2 ? 2+1062
=
-
-

d- a

{
0=2
(7/0) =
7 Nlatb real =

AZ -
f? 10=-2

ultima citra a lie 2-11062=2 a'2=2 in Zs

☒ patrol perfect care setormima in 2.3.7.8

o ti ± I
✗
⑦ a
é i i

a- "
I =3 in Zs
Analog •
-

✗ io=o
2- are ad in Z

PB 21 a, b c- Z a'+ b
'
i 19 is la si 19lb
,

Rot Nlatbi ) = a' + lf

Vreau Acidemia 19lb

}
Pp prim ,
absurd cñ 19×6 = > in Zeg I + on (F) Ñ
- '
c- Z,
19 prim zig cop
191 a2+b
'
^a2+Ñ=o in Zig
a' 2 :-b
'
in Z, , I
'
12
(ai b- ' 12=-1
.
= is

FZeg
1=5+-5 1=8^-1-5
/
✗ 8 i I 1=5 1- I IÉ '
☒ d. b- Zag
± ± c-

ie if ii §
'

H o i ¢ as g §

Aradan 19lb
 at 211 -145 i Nla) / 2.17.372
26 oct 2021
ZII ] sunt asocial diviaibilitate
Seminar 4 Toate elemental de normie 2 in in

Nla-1 bit = a2+b2 =

2
PB 20 Z [ Fit ] ? 14×2-123 are sd in ZZ
y me
211+45 i 211 -145 i 21 di -145 256-166-1
-

128-83 i
Z
=

2--25=-9
=

Roz -15
=

2.
g- g-
← → =
2
a Iti 2
✗ 0 1- e ± 2 ± 3 I 4 -1-5 1=6 -17 211-145 i = I kill 128 -
83 i )

4,2¢
2
✗ O 4 9 11 8 7 128 i -83
512 -332 I
l 2 128-83 i
-

= =

i ↳+i 17
14h 446+312=14×2-123
y
-
=
+3 595-207 I
128 -
83 i 512-332 i -1128 I + 83 = =3 5- ezi
=

142 K2 14h -19 14×2+23

-1-2.3
-
=
4- i 17 17

162 tidy 6.1612 14×2-114 =

128 -
83 i =
14 -
it 135 -

Ri )

14h2 £-6k ✗ + p > ✗

Zptl
'
= C:S 14k¥ 6k Lip Lip I 35 Ri
(G- if
e
-1 it 36-12 i -11 1)
:
-1
-

= = =
-

6- i
7h2 £3k C- 22

I Feel {idea if
⑨
633+135 i =3 / Iti) 14 i 116
23
really
-

✗ ✗
-
-_ + -

cant atbi ZEI] Nla -1 bit =3?

2.
eprim in Zira]
c- ca
23

Nl23
1=232--102 daca Ti ¢ Zzz 23
prim in Z[rice]
9462--37
191=6 si 1Gt =
I
011,449×6,25/36
saw lal =L , / bl =
decisimguhacombimal.ie
6
36+1

±É±Ñ ±É±g to
2/8
✗ 8 ± i
± I 1=5 1- I IÉ ±

Z[F5 ] 29-55-5 factorizes atomica-

n n

is
n
PB 24
n

i ¢ § 8
n
✗ 2 13 3 18 12

ZEE] Roz N (29-555)--966 =

2-3-7-23
Nu apare lie = > Tia ¢ Zzz >
=
23 prim in
29-55-5 =/ at bfsllctdfs )
PB 22 Dem .
Cia 13+52115+252117-304=67+2052 2- 3 7.23

\ I / 2. 7 3- 23
otomi in ZEFZ] 2. 23 3. 7
Roz Nlztrz) -7 -
=

prim 3+52 prima in ZEE] ztrz atom in ZEE] Nla -165-5) = a

?
-1562=2/13/171/231
MI5 -12 E) =
125-81=7 =

prim 5-if
prim 5+52 atoms in ZLTE] Ibl :O air a = f- rz ¢ Z
N / 7-3521=149-181--31 7-52 atom in ZEE] 2=92+56225
prim
> 7-352 prim 161 2 I
=
-

a2 -15 lf =
6 imcocam I 1,1=5-5
PB 23 Ga-si.li o factorirare atomic a- a lie 633+135 i in ZE ] 29-55-5 =
29 -

55-5-1 295-5 + 25
=
54+245-5 =
g.+ ↳ F5
, .gg 6 6
Roz 633+135 i =
31211+45 I)

29 55-5 =/ d- FE) 19+45-51

32
v13)
p2
-

: =

e- FE atom
✗2- d- =
On , ,
NII Fs 1--6 + 1
✗2=2 Dol Zz
-

✗2x i = on me are in
Pp ca 13-1 z , we 2-[5-5] ai .
1- F5=z W .

N 1211 -1451-1--2112-1452 =
44521+2025 =
46546=2-17-372 6 =
Nlt Fist - = NIZ) .

New) -
-

12.3/1/3^216.10
?⃝
92-1562--14 PB 26 81 : 34=15+2 Fea ) 115-25-141 in, Z [Face
]
=> 161--0 a
>
= 14 we are Dol in Z Roz 3 =
atom in Zeta]
a2=g b 3 ✗
Ibl =3 a -13 I 1
y
=
=p
.
= =

3- 3 Ncx ) N 1.9 13 319 I

Ibl 22
ly )
= -

→ = -

merge-1290-5-+25
.

nee

3¥29 -55-5 112+145-5 V12 [Fie]) 012-[5-16]/

ye
✗ c-
=
87-155-5 = = 8+5-5 save

3- F5 14 14
a-+ 14 be =3 we are not in Z 3 atom in Z [File]
Pentru
29-55-5=13-5-5118 -15-51 vedeadaca-unmimases.li
a
prim calculation radical
imcoscam took
n o-
I 3<23 save si
, ns.primemaimicicaradicalul
29-55-5 29.4-205-5-29075 -25

{ Zyv =3
✗ 2- +
PB 27 ZEE]
=

41-5-5 21 in
ujF5 ✗
vxyz
= ,
29-55-5 29-4-20 F5 -1295-5-125
=

4- Fg 21
lxtyfllv -17521 Nt ✗2-
rztyrif -12g
= ✗ 2-

of -15 b' =
21 leiam 161 -0 a=±fze¢Z lxtyf / v52 / ) 2- + ✗ Nfl -1 V
✗ 2- t
Zyrz -12g
=
.

-1-4+-5-5
sie b
{
"
Ibl -
l =] a = -14 :
-1-1 sol "

tstrzlii
'
imfinitaka de
sohu.to
-

-1-25-5
e.u >
s.ie aya producers
.
-

lbf 2 b It
a
pi
=
: =
-11 -12
1Gt 23 21>4526 =3 -152
NtzylrzMEZ
✗ 2- + 1- ( ✗
2yv
.

PB 25 91
-
-

fact atomic_a in Z [ "I]

UIZ [rift
.

=
I / Fr + 1)
Nla-1 b.
"
F) =/ b.
'+
☒Hat G.
1-
E3) scrim ti
Cm÷÷i+
-

at
turn " + . . .

1×+81-31=1×4,384 ✗
=y IN

{
m
(3+52) Gtr) / Fr
'
.
a- = -

e)
ahab -162=7 m
i. u = 152-1 1)
a- -12
-
b -11 :

( 2-11 .

1+131/2+1 -20-5) -
l
=
Pt ¥ = 7
✗ -
seu
preterite para
2- (-1-11-1-3)=3 -
l -15-3
2
y
-
soil 7
puterile impale
7=12 113
-1g g) 13
-

a' + abt b' =

9-13+1=13

(3-1
1-1
2
B) ( 3-1 F) 5¥
l -

=
= 13

1453
3- (-1+1+1-3) 4 = -

13--13
-1g 114
yl
-

4441-11+1-172=13
 2 nov 2021
Seminar 5
Exc 29 Listafidivirosii lie 62+34 i in ZE]
Roz 62+341=2131+17 i )
$
N 131417 i 1--31^-1172=1250--2-54
>
(title -
i)

Nl 21--4=22 it i =D in Zz
✗ = i sohu.t.ie 2 me e
prim
Norma 5 : 2-Ii
,
2- i

Iti 4-1 4i 1=3+4:

¢ Z[i]
-

2- i 5 5

/
31 titi =
9+13 i
2- i
* "" " " " " " ""
" "i = = ""
=

5 5
2- i
wipe
2%+7 ; =
2+14 i ti -
7 =
-5+151
'

= -
p+3i
2- i 5 5
"
Éeisi =
-2+6 i -
i -3
=
-5-+5 's
= - eti
2- i 5
5

31+171=12 -
i) ↳
1- eti ) / Iti )/ i - i)

=
12 it ! -111 - -

illlti ) / 1- it
=
12 -
i / 4. 1- e) -11 -
i )4eti )
"
=
12 -
it -

l -

e) -

Il -
Zi -11111-14
=
12 -
it 4.
lltip
Danni =
{ tails dirier-oriphopriimaipcifimoasoc.im diviribilitatte,(62+36:/ } u

we {t.li]=Ulz[i] )
Is I Do =
{ 1,213,6}
Is I Do =/ Ii , -12,1=3,16 } ={ e. u
,
2. a. 3- u
,
6- ulue 0121={-1-1} }
/ Dw / =/ do -111122-11/(23-11) . . . Its -11 )
N
=p? pi prim pin pin pi±pj
d-
1i=j
-
- . -
-

. . . , ,

IDG 2+34-1=13+1114+11--20
d. 2- i
=
dz :(2- if dz= 12
-

IP d, -12 -
i )4

ds =/ 2- innit do -12-1<141+4 -

da -12
-

ipllti) dg -42-441+4
deo :(2-1<141+4 d ,z=l2 it 'll -142
'
dg =/ 2- innit d ,, =
12 iplltiyz
-
-

de> 12 i )H+iP due -12-1<141 lip des 12-ipll-i.is d, , -42 it 'll tip Exc 32 cñ 2- atom dem cñ Z Lid ]
Fdosind factorial daca da z
- -

=
-
- - - -
-

d.a = titi ) dig -11+42-

dig = let IP e chicer mr .

Roz Iie ZEFD] a. be Z
at bird c-
,

← ns.unita-t.ieos Mat boat Ici dei l a' + b' Idl = -

=

In total anti 20.4=80 divirori im total 2=10 , 2¢ 012 Erd ] )

2- ✗ ✗ c- 012 [Td] / son 012 Ird])
y ye
-

Exc 31 Z[FZG? este nefactorial folosimd log -1122-26=56

'
N -2=6 =/ I
-
2 d- U Izard] )
Rot (109412-526)/109-120561=66 ↳ =
NIH '

Nig
2- IFE]
atom factorial rdD.si My/
{
Daca ⑦ GATA NIH 012 [ 4
neprim in >
✗ = =
meee
-
- l =
☒ c- =

UIZLTD]) sie Nch -4

1- factorial atom Nlyl l
y
c-
-

A atomic
-

④ it ) him
-

⇐>
=p Nix ,

Nig 2
-
-
=

Voioficam dacia 5 atom in 2- Life ] c-aut-amel.de moma- im ZLTD]

neptrim z
=

Nl5) 52 a'told1--2 ol in Z d l -2
5-
prim are X)
=

, me ☐

5¢ V12 [5-20] ) 5--1+-1 Dim ale de moi sus 2 atom e

Pp ia (3) a
,
be 210561 ai .
a- b--5 =
>

t.Nlal.MG/25--Nla1-Nllr1
v15 'd in Zz are sold david
=

pas 2 me e
prim
I - 25
i dacñdimpas
I
25
Exc 33 Anatoli cñ ZERO] factorial
.

me
5 -

5
Ncaa I :> a c- 0121-5-2631 rig Nlbl 25 : Roz T-iea-ibroc-ZL.ro ]
Nlbl GEUIZ [5-26] ) Fo Fo dacñ psimim hint patens produce moi acosta
=L
sie NI a) 25 2. 5 =
=
-
-
me an ex ca

Nla) : Nlb) -5 -

vremba-asa-ta-mc.ci 2 atom meprim in ZERO]

Gautam el.de mound 5in ZEFZG ]
Pp ,
RA , z -

Prim
I
Nlxtyfcl ✗ -126£ 5 = =
212-5 => 21 to -
to 21 to = >
¥ C- ZERO] *

Iyl I 26<5 I
o -155 ¢2
} ⑦ II. de mound 5in ZEFZG ]
-
=
> SAU
-
=

lyl5 atom 111 -22

=

NEI 2
prim
-

×? Io in Zz 5=5 lmodzl on xD im Ztt ]

Pp pain absurd ca
c. s ✗ 2
neprim
=

prim pl ab pl sampler si e = > → a

N 12-1 Niner)
5156=(109412-526)/109-120561 N (2) =
4 = -

a- e- a •
4
4 I
109+12526
-

{
¢ 2- [Fzcf 2
'
2
51 5lb 5
ppfa-aeta-efals.ci
a saw >
UIZLFEO])
=

Nth =
I 2- c- si Nlwl =
4
109 -12056¢ 2/[5-26]
,

5
Now)= I we UIZLFEO]) si
,
NI 2-1=4
Nlzl Now)
prim 121 -2
>
5 nee
-
= =
e .

Dim In sie 121 =

> ZEFZG ] este mefactoieal ca-uta-mel.de norma- 2in ZERO ]
Nlatbro) =/ a- 1004--2 -
we are oof im Z (8) el.de norma- 2 in ZERO ]
= >2 atom ZERO ] factorial
Exc 34 562=2.3 ? ZLTG] + factorial
Roz Z [ To] : 2,3 ,
5,56 =reductive
Pp .
2
prim
2 I 2.3 = TG -

TG = > 2156
0+1256 ¢2583
•e
Condweie : dim
egalitakadata-nurer-ulta-ZE.ro] Factorial
imel factorial / ban / a
'
Exc A be A) { o} ai.am l 'm
b
-

35
µ an
=
a.

Roz m =L a / 62 / as

pla
Ili } pili } plb
primp
a
p
-

'
la
l " 'm "
12m / him / fam
-

(p
-

✗ 7=1
'
azm ( pd
-

p
= .
✗ we ,

d- 12m 1) I 212 Mtl )

13.2m£2m
-

2 M -
l -11
2 .

& BE 2 .

2m 2m

9 nov 2021 A domenici

Seminar 6 >a
c- A atom (F) la , x) it ) ☒ c- A

=/
a alx
la , x )
Exc 36 a = 779 -

247 i b- 817+19 i.
-

Calculate la , b) [a b)
, , in Z[i ] i axx
Roz Nla) =
7792+2472 = 667850--2.52-19? 37
22.32 PEA Prim (F) Epix] HI ✗ c- A
37 :
23.32.5? 192 P
{ pix
✗
I
-

Epix]
= +
=

a- let it 12 ii. 1916 i ) -

-
✗
pl ✗

¥41 -

ezi 246 -1
Lili -
78-1+13 259-37 I i 7- atom in Z[Fit]
= =
=p -

,
6- i 37 37
N 171=72 Nil
Nlyl
= .

Deci an 11 + i 112 -

if -19-16 it -
1 .

4g

Nlb) =
19143+4 7- .
7- ⇐ ☒ d. de norm a- 7

in Z in 2- [ ] 49
i I
19
prim
.

4h -13 in Z[i ] 7- ✗ 2+517

DA
prism
19 =
=
> is

}
4kt I Nla-1 bit Nu 7 atom
>
Deci
=

17,2-1 Fez)
=

'
> =p
192 7- ✗ Fez
N 1191 p2 2
= = +

= -
i =
is Imad is / it (3/11312+5-171,21)
N 143 I 1--432-11--1850=2.52-37 dla sie d lb
{
+

a) b D= ( a. b)
b- 19 let -

iy2-# c- A ⇐
4) d
'
la sie '
d /b d
'
/d
12 if -

C-

K-iilz.ly#i43ti=86t2i-i43i-l=ez+gi Pp . ice D- I d--121,312+5-1711

{d l
d 121 = > Nld) / Nbl) =3? 72
2- i 5
6+3 Fit =
> Nld) IN 16+35-171 =
62-132 -17 =
189--33.7
Dea
( d)
b- 19¥11 15-72
Nld) Nld ) / (5.7-2,3-7)=5-7--63
Agadatr 19 b) =
Heil -

19.12 i 146 + it - 2- [i] factorial NI 133-7 i

ISI
[a , b)
=
11+412 if 16+416 it -
- .

1g
at lift C- ZEFF]
Exc 37 ZIFF ] Nla -1 b Fez / = A't 1762--63

it 12+5-17,71=1 relative
prime 161 :O = > a? 63 a- I-

¢2
iij (F) (312+5-171,21) Ibl I 92=63 it a I % ¢2
-
= - -

Roz A factorial d- la be) de 1762268

b) Iac A) CE A 161=2 6224 Nurse
poate
=
-

,
= > =
>
,

Factorial atomic +6¢

⇐>
Ayadah ☒ 121,6-13 Fit)
☒
Exc 38 2-[5-5] Dem . .
cia (8) 113-755,29-55-5 ) Exc 39 a ,beZ (a) b) =D later, a- bit =
? imZ[i ]
Roz e- 5-5113-75-5 Roz ( a. b) =D

{
e- Fsl 29-50-5 a= d. a
'

ta

.li/=i/dla'-eii1,dl}a'-b'iD--dla'-iei ,ci-eii/z1oi+{eii
'

Pp b- d
'

.
Coi $1 D= (13-75-5,29-555) -
-

b
¥53.785 =
13-75-5 -11355+35=48 -165-5=8+5-5 ✓
1- F5 1+5 6

/
' '
2- 12A Z / 2A
→
1-5-5 dive Fs Id Nll -5-51 Id cold 2- la
'
eii ' > 2- 12
120'i
=

. coman e- -

2- -
zq
,
2- 126
Dan
} Casey
dies-75-5 Nld / 1414 ,
,
Nld / 11966,414 )
d / 29-55-5 NI d) 1966 d
N (d) 112.3-7.23 , 2.32-23 ) mi
dlitij
d) 12.3
'

Nl 23
Exc Zord] ( NH)
,N1ylI=1
-

40 ix. =L

Nld) / D8 x.ge ⇐? g)
=/
6

}
"

Roz dlxiy )
61 Nld) _→
Nld) / NH)
.my))
>
Nld/ Nld / 1 INCH
=
= > .

Nld / 12.3.23 Nldll

6- 23
"
Nyt Nl d) In =
> d- unit not

it Nld) = 6 =3 of -1562=6 f- 124in i / =L -

ceder
a =
-11 b =
± l l -
rsib 15,51=5 xp
= >
hlciptloca nee e .

I +
Fsa Exc 41 Hint : Zira ]
a) I -5-511+5-5 aa
'
-1661=1 = > Ea,b] -
-
ab
ltF5 1-5-125-5 bia Him : a
=
☒ a.
= > miab
1-155 6
b
a- :b m :b

Nll-135-51=46--2-23 m: a
= >
m -
-
a. a
"
iab
'
¥513 -75-5=13-75-5 -395-5-21-5=-2-5-5 m :b m -
- b b -
"

1-135-5 1-145 a. a't

' "

.3F5
bb =
I 1. a
f-

129-55-5
"

29-55-5 bl aaioi-bli.ci Gla

"

=
-

875-5-75 =
-
e -
255
-

-
a = >

1+3 F5 1-145 =

1+35-5 Id Rebemim : a -3-1255

-

,
b :3 -255

}
46 / Nld) =
> Nld) +6 = > Nld) 138 :
a -16=6
⑦ a' ai
'

Ga -12gal
'
AT 5hr2 ab -29
" > b , ,
138 '
-
= .

/
6. 2g )=
'

161=0 =
> a2 =
138 ✗ , @ b) a' + + abb =L census

AZ
161 133 Nts-15-51
prim Facem la
imceput
=
=p ✗ saw
= =
> ca

lb / =
z
=
> a2 :
118 ✗

* = , ang, ✗
⑦ dem den -.ezg Nu are crude ☒ Exc 42 [a) b. c) la ,
b) ( a. c) lb ,
=
abclaib.cl
161=6 a' 58 Roz pi pin
'
=
× a- -

.
. -

"
a2 b- pis pd
'

161=5 = > :
13 ✗ -
.
. .

Ill 26 = >
138236.5 ✗ c- pit . . -

pier
I d. 8 e) mint d. mint 2. , 8D
pet pal mind 8 e) mint
p -18
pi 2. +
pit 85
Max + + + = +
, , , , .
, ,

d. 2 2 8
Pi ,

Hot
17 nov 2021 Exc 45 Dem . cñ 2- Ft si 3+457
,
sunt comaximale in ZLTF ]
Seminar 7 Roz 22-57,3+4 Ft > = Ll > =
ZEE ]
c- > 1=12 Ft Katar) -

+13+45711 ctd Ft ) Cee a ,b ,

c ,
d c- Z
Exc Dem ZLTG ]
principal
'

43 42,8 > in
Th imel factorial atumci
principal
ca =

A- A- ⇐s
,

-
-
.

=L 2+56 >
Oria 2 elem measociate sunt coma# male
prime p.ge A
⇐ .

Roz 2=-12-56112+561

56=12+56113-561 Th ZLFD ] factorial

.
⇐>
principal
I :( 2,567--42+56 >
=L 2- Era] factorial
( a. b) = < a> + (G) =
Cd > uncle d- -
la b)
2- Ft
principal
3-1457
,

"
,
prime
f- I C-
J : 2156
EY ZLTG]
v12 -571--122-71 = 3
prism 2- of prim in Z[Ft ]
2EJ ⇐> 2=156+21 C, we C , c-
13-14571=15-42.71--19 -1121=103
.

N 3+457 ZEE]
c. = -12-561 c- Z[To] prim phim in

8=12+56113-561
a Ef CNN.my/)--l--slXiy1--lV-1xigEZLTd]
"
§ zero]

6-asi.li
generator pt
2-156 Exc ZEI]
J I c- Hsi e+3i > in
n
? c- I : C- 46 un ,

2-156=(2+56113-56) -12+5611-2 -

E) Roz l -

l -15 i , 1+3-15=4-1-1541+3is
A} ,b , de ZLTD ]
I =L a. b. c > =
{
axtby-icz-lt.fi 2- c-
uncle A- ind
La> + (b) =
cab > = Cd > uncle d- la -

, b) ,
a
principal
I =L a ,b> =
{ axtbylx.ge A} 1- 1+5 i ,
I -13 it

2+56 C- I deoareceatat2.cat § To c- I Nfl -15 it =

1-112-152--26 =
2-13
-

l -15 i =
( Il )
Éxc Dem ZEFG] FE IN
44 coi L2 , FG > e
principal in B
-

nee
-
.

There Pp cia 22,5-6 > =L ✗> ✗ c- ZIFG] room I elem de N -2 titis 11 i) eti ~ i i
sie
-
: - -

,
. .
. . . . . .

42,5-6 > =L ×> 12,5-61 =

✗ Nll -13 it =
it 32=10 = 2- 5
Nix)=1
ɵ3i
{ { %¥,¥¥• { I!
'
12 l -13 i i -13
Niall 4. 6) NHYZ
✗ -

= = 2+ i
✗ log , µ×, , Iti 2

}
i , Nix aztb? 6=2 1+31=1 it I 112 ti )
)=z (-1-1541-131) = mi
161=0 a=±rz ¢2 - l -15 i 1=11+412+3; n Iti

161 ? I 2>-6 To Deci L -

l -15 i
, 1+3 i > = Leti >

iil Nix, =L ✗ c- UIZEFE] ) → < ×> = ZIFÉ]

ZEFG] latbf ) FG / c+dF6 ) Exc In Z[Fs] L2> All -15-3 >
±
le is 1=2 + ⇐> 47 14,2+25-3 >
Kb d) FG
y principal
Gd I
g-
< e- za- - + +
Roz
2/1 26
{
(2)

}
✗ c- 21

(
×
Gd
{
l=2a > 1--21 a -3011 "

Fie
=

✗ c- I
-

f- =
> si
☒
0=2 bad ( ex v5 , 1+0-51
'

✗ c- ✗

atom
}
2
=
> (2,1+53) =p
2 ✗ etrj

2+25-3 (2+25-3)
211+5-3 ) I ✗
=L
I ✗ 2--3 ✗ C- E ( 4 -2+25-37
, aecc > Cla

}
alx beta ,b> = Lc> =
> Cllr

blx
=
> "" ✗ asta folosit d la
'

f.
'
am
d / C = > Ld
'
> =La , G- -
cc >

( a. a) =
, di , @

-1-2-[0-3]
Aimee factorial

y EI :

if :( 4,2+205 > c- I =
(2) n (1+5-3)
wth
w/ 2425-3 }= > NOWLIN / 41=16
Gi -12 , -11+-5-3
214
} 21W =
> 4=1012) / Nlrb) 116 New , 8

{
4.CI
&
2-125-3 .CI } LEI 212+2 fz 16 :
-1-4,1=12-125-31

(2)
}
}
4--2-2 => 4 c-
= > 4€ (2) n cltfz>
4=11-153111-5-3 ) :
> 4€ ( Afg )
&
2+25-3=211+05 / Ef
(2)
( µpg,
} → 2-125-3 C- ( z> nLl+F3>

I C-
if
{ ( } yeZ[F3]
✗ € "> 21 ✗
✗c-I =
> * + Fzlx
= > ☒ ai .
✗
=H+F31f
✗ c- (1+5-3)

21g
12g, =/ tall
2
Eaton
i

(F)
(b) ,
211g
(a) 2 / (F) 2- c- Z[F3] ai
yo y
. : zz

✗ 11+5-3
)y
=/ 1+051.22=(2-125-3) 2- C- (2+25-3)
EY
=

(G)
} Z[F3]
> 21×-11+5-3/
Xy
2
=

21 a -3Gt latest F) C-
y
= >

y=a+bB
{ later ,b
21A -30 216hr
pate
2. = > a

219+6
Liam a--2k -11
& b=2p -11

k-il-kp-MF31-2ktl-kp-MF3-kk-DFJ-3lzp.tl/i2k-il-6p
✗ =/ 1-15-3112

+12ps -3 -11 -12kt e) F)

2k
= -

6p -2+2
lptk-1115-3 :

2h
-1210+2 8p -4+21 ptkte )F3
= - =

=
zlptk-11/11+5-31 -412ps -111
Pp 24,2-125-33=22 ,W > w
-
-14,2-125-3 )
AE ca ,
b) = < a> + Lbs -1C > c :( a. b)
 24 nov 2021
Seminar 8
Exc 50 a; 43 -
Sei bo=33 -
Iasi

Roz Euclid
•
* Pas
3 Go tho
MÉ¥ii
O
" ao=
go
-

bo€Ño¥he Yao Go) =D

,

bgiÉ a- i i
no !h¥nz=o
{ Unc
փ
"
-
-
0
e
ball

Yiimpartetoy
3- 7- i 0 A- a-
Gq
2958-18561<=2958
.

0) 43-811 = it 2 -
i
33 egi - 1450

43-81 i -133 -
lgi / 12 i ) - =
-43-81<(-166-351-381-19) =

=
43 -
bei -
147 -

Fli ) = -4 -
loi
1+51
33-19 I -132-176 i -13301+190 58 406 0+3 i
/_ Otlei
e)
-
g. , , ,
=

16+100
=
-µg
+
Igi = saw

11+4 I
=
33 -
Isi -114+10431=33 -
egitdzi -30=3 -

7-i
-12-30 i -28 i
.

4- loi -170=58-581 e- i
2)
-

= =

g. zi 9+49 58

Clasa AVI -
a a ,bEZ (a. b) =D (F) m.me Z ai .
d- amtbm
-

Th Béroet A- Euclidean a. be la b) =D

ai.d-am-ibmd-lao.to
.
A , (F) mine A

{ Go Ao -10 bo
l
-

ao
-
- -

=
O -

Got d. Go

{ b.an =
Go = 0 ao -1 e.
-

Go

ao-bo-qoil.aoyl-2-ijbofaz-be-l-ao-l-2-ilbobi-hi.ae
=
So =

big ,
=
bo-le.ao-il-2-ilbol.IO -13 't )
=
bo -

Iao -11 -

Ztilbo)3i
= -

3.iaotboll -16 i -13)

%
Exc 52 a
,
a :b b ,
'

, c c- A -
domenici aa -1
'
of
'
=L "
we

bathes
can
day
1 :
-

3i .

Id +
(↳ + Gi )
¥
Retolvqti ec . an
by + c- o -

Morgane foggy
Roz (12-11)×-114-13
ily
ace't ble
'
= l l -

C
wants =2t3i
✓ smfh i

+14+3414+6-9=-134--2-13
•
laid b. Ilic) C 112+4
a.
just way
'
=
+

{
a' c- ✗

by C u
Ho S
-

g.)
=
c- axo + .
,

b' c-
y 0--12-15111-34=9
{ Jo
Gi
-

1*0 S sd
by got
c-
ax + C
.
-
-
/

=/ 2+3414 Gil - = -
do +zai

axotbyo C c-I
=

+14+3 ist
{
F- to -1 lot =
g- Gi
alx Xo) -1
big Yoko tEZ[i ]
-
-

at exist
Ji -10+24 i
7 =
i
y=yo
-
-

'
ax't
by 0
=

5- { 19-61-+14+3ist ist ) It ZEI ] }

{
-10-124 i -1kt
lot c-
"
✗
t.CA
-

(a) ,

' -
-
at
y
.

lot blx ? (F) te A I Exc (43-811)×-1133 5=0

'
lot Rti
easily
☒ =
ai .
-

- 56 - =

blat at
'

at Roz d / d- la ,
a. let +
big yl :O
y= b)
⇐>
g-
:O
-
< + -
o - -

Alegem hi pt.ca Nati ) -2 § ovens :

-

434
by 143-8 ei
' ' '
ax -1 =
O Hi Be =

pas

}
bl
'
35+192
}
blax 133 lgi
'

dei
by pas
'

bl
- -

= > =
> X
b/ 0
(a. b) = , Iti ✗ lzti titi -
-

impair
Tsim asta

/ aa X' Exc Dem

'
G b b X' '
Ntr (f) ZERO]
'
55
× Cci
-22124 g.
C-
=
+ .

bl ax
'
idea ? adoo.si dear ,
ZERO ] =/ norm euclidean

{ g- go q.GE ZERO ]
✗ to -1Gt Roz T.io:2 uncle
gets
=

Sol Finola
at NIRO -2 / at bio ))
-2g)
.

- - ✗ = NIRO = =

ZERO] atbr
{c- g-
Exc 53 In Z[i ] 143-814×-1133 5i
losing
her .ec -27
-111-2%1=1492-1011-126121 De ?
-
- -

EN 24
.

Nl ce
-

za
-
-

a b C

Fm pI
20×-15
Of
=
200 L 2×+5
y
=
20 in Z 22 2) ✗ { 10,21 }
✗ c- ✗ c- ,
4 , 6,8 , . . .

Roz la bl =D ,
=3 fi -

24
?
27-51
3- 7- i
=
2+3 i
De ce
mupoatefi norma 0 son 2

/
4a2
=/
29
*
1 ? 1.x -11 ? ) 2+3 i lead to Pp ✗ =0
¢ zap
-
-
lo ⇐>
to
1-26
c- Q
y
= -

My bad habits
done
(12-1 it ✗ I 2-13 i Rti 4+3 i
coprime eatenigths ending de ultima a'Fia
poate din motive
Man
y
= •
-

+ with a
2mn se
conversations
g- g.
Swerim
honor
barely it'll be the
won't
last
do
probably lose
•

D=
•
But it
1:13 it
4¥ ) b
'

•
3- 7-i =
a 7- to

ggotnte.ee#
-

+
 G--2 -1mi

{
a.
Exc 56 .

ly,7i 8+191 lttsi

c. D=
-

"

2-ieei = a • b ⇐> titi

c=
-

• •
a.

ltezi d
b. D= 8-1191
c
'
= •

Roz abcd -12+111-111+13 it

acted :( -1+7418+151) Beg

{
a :3 Kei -

b=2ti
Dupñcalaele →
c= lti
D= 7+61
'

viola
esimp.la/Vl-lt7i1--
Calculñm
12+1141+134 sie 1- titi , 8+194 = >

1-149--50=2.52
}
Nll -1134--1+169--170=2.5 ey .
150,1701=2-5

Deci NI = 11215110

l
& 5 muse
poate
-
titi =

""
'
N -5
simguhulelomde
-

7 dec 2021 Exc 58 Z[Feo] sunt prime ideated ?

Seminar 9 Exc
(

60
7
,
2- Flo >

Ig =
, (11,2-1 135-10)
( 23+35-5,13+2 Fs >
,
23,1
in
-
Feo >
ZEE]

{
P' a

Def pl a. b
saw
(a) be A domemie Roz Ii-17,2 Feo > ideal cfth
prim
a, -
- =
.

pl b " "

a
"

d
p
EPA
{ bep
"

PAI A A ar d
a. be
pl 714+10 ✓
⇐> Dale >
p
-
-

p
-10
-

,
p¢
UIA) Is :(3 ,
1- Feo > =/
prim
9¥ 3×12+10=11
Def ADP + A ideal
pains
⇐>
la, be A a. be A a. a c- P
{ b c-P
Iy :( 23+3 F5 ,
13+25-5 >
Obs A ideal ?
p prim prism I La , b > La , a-A >
=

p
-
= =

ne a la b) -
= b
Ideable
-

Tls
prime minute dim 2-Ird] sunt a. b-a
§ Ias a- bit
X-D 1 Fact Zp )
e) Lp > pen Prim p ✗ a- HE Z
1=(10+55,3+5-5)
'
we
,
( 23+355 ,
13+25-57 = ( 10+5-5,13 -125-57 =

Dale
d 8 Zp)
'

2) ( Td > IN ta d ta sd a ec ✗
=
in =L 7,3+5-57=47 3- FE 3=(7,4-5-5) =
(
p , a- Rd)
prison
- -

p
-

a-
pe ae
-

p, ,
b-a ,G a> a -
b
,
a) ate

Exc 57 ZEES] sunt ideal

prime ?
arm .
7 1 42 -
l 5)- =
16-15 =
21
( Il ) 427 {3 Fg > (6+579) Ig ideal
prism
+ :
, , ,

Roz Nix
prim prim
✗
=
Exc 62 < ✗2+1 ,
'
-11 > QQ [× Y]
H
y
Ht
prim
=
,

NIyi-pcup-prims.it?d--8nuareoolimZp ✗
prim Roz indicated XZ-j.CH
11 = 11+0 Ttg 1×2+11
YZEH
1. 2-
-11-11
ly't e) ✗
-
=

Nl Il) = 112 A "

"
A A
✗ 0 ± i ± I -15 ± I ±É lx-yK×+y1
a- e-
on i i ai E 5 It +
prim
⇐>
(F) a. be A ai a- belt
,
das
sie act H gib ¢ H
7^9=77-+2
'
=
I 2- >
It ⇐ SIX EH
gllxty
✗ c-
y
-

} Zn
f- 75--5 Dol in
nee are
( ee > ideal Vrem
primal ty -4 sie
✗ H ✗ -4 H
y
prim Pp fix 1×4 e) +
-
'

yea glxiylly )
cé ✗ >
.gl
✗
y
-11
-
- '
- =
-
.

Eg " "
2=2-1 0 o o

Nl 2) =
22=4 nñd±i

-4=1
.

✗ o i Daca 2i=o *
i
y=
-

on i
Analog 2i=o I
beam H +
E-ig=o xty
: ✗
=y=i prim
F- i in ZLTFG] (2) ideal Exc 59 25,12 i > ideal ?
prism prism prim
2- i o = > 2 e =/
✗ =
nee
-

3+579=3-1 l -

V79 13,11=1 Nl 51--25=52

N 13 -1%-1=19-791--70 Nllz I / 145=5.29
neptrim =
-

N (6+579)=136 791=43
prim
-
 2-' i
D= 15 , ez i -
, 2- i
5=12+412 i) -

2-i 24 -
Li ki l
✗
- -

= =
23
2-Ii 5

15 , lzti 1--2 i -

45,12+0=12 i> ideal prism in Z[i ] ⇐ > 2- i in Z [i ]

prim •
-
=

v12 -
i 1=5
prim >
=
ideated e
prism on deft

7 dec 2021 Fg =/ 2×+1+5-3 ) (2×-11-5-3)=12×+112-1-3)

Seminar 10 =
=
4×2+4×-11
41×2-1×+1 )
-13

Exc 64 7=13+4×3-11744 ✗ -

lo c- 2- [ i ][x ] =
22.1×4×-11 )
Rea f- 7-
primitive gX2
✗ 2
c.gg
-

clfl ii. -10,01--13 ( 3- 7- ti ti, 2- + i

-101 Iti Exc 67 7=13+4×4-13 til sie 15 i 1×6-15 i , dim 2- [i][x]
g-
= = = -
-

, - -
,

Nts -14--10 iz g. g- Roz 7=13+1-11×4 -

l)

Not -1 it -50 : 2 i )/ ✗ 6- e)
g-
-15
-

fstiitti )
3-ii-l -i112.it#5-i=lO-2it5i-l ¢ z[i ]
> 2-
= it 5- i = > me area host n
11-1412-4 2- i 5
i kid dead 4

leti)l2# 110,261=2 13 ti , 5- it =
Iti raid de @d6
Tiana -1 I
3-ii =/ lti) 12 i ) (H e ✗ 6- e) ✗ 2-1=1×-111×-1 e)
-
- -

, ,
, ,
2%7
,

e)
thgl
'
-
i =
14-121--1 2- i -
l ¢ Z[i ]
-
-

letilx -

2- i g-
-
it

É_÷ ,
=
2- ti -

2
Fi -11 =
4-3 i 2-ti =/ 1+414-34
Éxc 68
✗4+2×2-1 e-
f- ✗ 4- ✗2+1

3×2=1×2+112-105 XP
ired ? ZEB ,
Z[i][x] ,
ZL-r-sl.LI] ,
ZEB]E✗]

Exc 65 7=15015×4+60060 .
T-ad-orir-a.li f in Z[x] =
# Tsx -1111×2+05×+11
-
→
ZEES][✗]
Roz 7=150151×4+61
Z¥¥§
e- ereductibil in

f- 15.10011×44×46 -
4×4
7- =3 -5 7.11.13 -

[1×4212-12×12] ✗ 4-2×2+1 -1×2=1×2-112-1 i✗p=

f- =3 5.7 -
-

11.131×2-2×+211×42×+21 =/ F- ix -
e)1×2 -1in -

1) → 2- [ i][✗]
IF 7- ereductibil in ZEI ][x]
Éxc 66 7--2×+1 B- si -2×+1 B- c- Z[F3][×] Demonstrate cñ : 7- said in Q
g-
+ -
.
me are
,

7-
a) f.
g- primitive
door f.
gneprimitivde Satomi ✗4- Ftl
-
=
,

b) f. tatami f. dim Z[F3][×]

g- parodies pit Pze
ian
g- {-1-1}
-

Roz a) 12,1+5-3 ) _?_ I

{ It
⑦ 1am
9
a' ✗
atom 7=1.3 in ① [×] Imee parodies 2 sol de si 3)
⇐ a
goe
a
,

an
f- g -
-
h w
deg g. degh
-

-2

NIH NIH Exc 68-69 " '

tired in ZLTT ,Z[F3][ ] Z[ i ] ZEB][x]

NY)
×
=
-
✗ -

✗ + , ,

4 NIN ✗ 4- ✗41 :@ Eyes ✗ + c) la X' -1 b' '

d)
NYI
= -

✗+

1 -
6 : :
pot fi in acelas.ie temp
4 I
:c
'
1
a.
.

a ,
c me =

94362=2 sad Z[F3][x]

'
me are in =
1×46×+41×46 ✗ + d)
Deci 12,1+5-31=1 =
✗ +1Gt b' 1×3-11662 -1C -101×2 +
"
Ibc
'
-1 b' c) ✗ + cc
'
 }
'
btb o b' = b '
b'
- -
-

+ cxc l
⑦
- = -

"°
lift {
'
Ctc = l
ee
,
be =o
-

c- -
Cl
" C'=p
cc
'
=p =>
{ c- D=
-
- l

A. C- C -
'
=L ••e

✗ 4- ✗2-11=1×2-6×-1 1) 1×46×-11 )

B. C- C' = -
l

✗ 4- ✗2-11=1×2 bx - -

1) 1×46×-1)
-
l = -
like + c
'

A. -1=-62-12 lot =3 be Z
B. -
e = -
b' -
z 62=-1 b¢R
Decix" -
+ reined in ? under?

14 dec 2021 ✗
•
+✗
"
+
+ ✗+ I + ✗+ i

Seminar 11 ✗
6
-1×5-1×4
5
-1×3-1×-1 I
✗
4
-1×3-1×2 -1 ✗

Exc 71 -7=33×6+84×5 -546×3 +296×4 F- Sed

ired in ①
pol deg
"
de
g-
-
168 =
+ ✗ +
me e ai un 2

Roz p c- Z
"

:{e- 121
Q ✗ +✗+ i
"
=3 11 = > =/ 3,11 ✗ Fix
✗ 33 p +
-

p
✗ 168 23-3-7 = >
p
=/ 2 = > as trebui sci fie 7 4×4×-1i
✗
p
=

1294 =
280-114 fix'+x
p
I -566
=
-1490+56 ) i
p
p I 84
=
7-12
3×3-1×2 -1×2+4×3 -1×2+-1 3-1×+5
> >
I ✗3
degsaid
'
=3 : ✗ , × + × ,
× +
,
✗
,
+ ✗ + ✗+ I
,
p 10 % ! do I ! 'd 'd Y
Deci f e 7- Eisenstein fired in Qtx] ?→ ZLI ] : ire ire

i
• "
I 5+5+5
ftp.rimiliwfeheductibil
✗ +✗ +
+ ✗+
6
ZLI] 7- f. in :
=3 .
1×1 ✗ -1×5-1×3 ✗3-1×2

/
5-1×4×+5
ZLI] ired /Q g- red Est Eti
>
✗
=

nee e cu

2- Ex] red / Z ✗5-1×4×2

+ ✗+ i

Exc 72 3×6+11×4 -5×3 -

4×4×+7 ired /④ 1 red = 2)
g
=

• "
Roz ZIX] → Zz E] ✗ +✗ +
+ ✗+ I + ✗+ i
ge I -1×4++3
g
I >

g-
aired in Zz Ex ]
g
ired in ① Ex] is
g- me e red cuxsxxti
✗ Ti
✗ 4×3 I ired /zz hi hi / hi 1>-1
•

g- ✗
g- deg
=
+ + ✗+ =
⇐ =/ -

cu
red
g- me e ai un
pol de
deg 3

g- me be
poate soiree ca
probs de 2
pol .

hi hi Obs fix, ired fix -111 ired

g-
=
-
-
⇐> -

I 6 =
1+5

I 6 = 2+4
deg Exc 73 Z[Fa] =
incl factorial Qlfzl :{if -
Z[F2] =
QIZIFZ] )
I 6 =
3+3 f- Fz ✗5+17-6 F)
= ✗
3
-122×411-75-2 .
Dem ca fired / Q[Fz] ⇐>
in ①[Fz][x ]
Care sunt polimoamele ired dim Zz de ? Roz Gautam fi mouna lui
ptp prim caladium ptfiecare elem
grad
care as
2 ix. 3 p .
-
>

' '
Nlatbfz / =aZ -126
defy
'
:X -1×-11
'
-2
-

✗ + e
,
✗ + ✗ , ×
,
l
r&d 0
l
had i had a NIFZ) =2

Zz[×] twbui
simgwrul 17-65-21=49 -172--121=112
'
✗ + ✗+ a
pod ired de
deg 2 dim N ah
pill
Uremia
vedemdaca-g.se impart exact la +4×+1
g-
-
red .
N / 221--222 = 22.112

3-15-2
a2 -1262=11
3- FZ
 1+75-2
3+5-2
=
17
To
-

¥ FZ ¢ ZEE] 542×+2=0 2- Eisenstein aired

Ein -12=1×+1 tile -11 it - = red im 2- [i ][×] si in ①[ i][x]
2- [Fa ]
,

-1+25-2
Eisenstein
f- 5-
putemluauneldimdescompunorea lie 5
i C-

3- FZ 11-175-2 5=12+-412 it -

2-1 i 15
FZ
i-qm-T-d2-ilai.2-i.it/am,2-1-itaopt.ca-amEZ
3- Fz ✗
5 Iai 6)
FZ 10 2- i 15
3-

3- FZ 17-65-2 ? →
Da Musty
to

3- FZ Idol 122
Exc 75 f- -
✗ 5-1×4 -
☒ + ✗2- ✗ + a iredo ,

(3- FZYX 1+70=2 Roz f- Amrit . . .

-19 a ✗ + as

't factorial { laai-nlli-o.me }

"
f- amxmt am -
,
X . . .
+ a. ✗ + ao ai c- A H=Htf1= max

(F) PEA
Prim ai .

pl ai 4) i-o.rs -1
Musty Dacñ ⑦ men ns.H-iz-H-e-ieae?fimtprimimZ fired
/①
11-171=1 ¥31, 7-141,7-151,7161
pram
pZXao Calculation ptimceput 713) :

(3-5-2)
?
I 1+75-2 ? : 9-65-2-2 f- 131=2-35+2.33+2.3 -11 : 2-243-15446-11=547 =3 fired in ①

t.IT#r-.z-.d05tG3FZeZL-Fz
i
]
7- 65-211+75-2
? 121 Marty
Exc 77 -2-10^-1 -10^-1-1 -1A , -10 +
Ceo
p am
-
. . .

12×1-175-2
,
fired /①
.

(3- Fz si deci
[5-2]
, = 2 am - l
Am.z . . . Ar Ao

Exc 74 f- -
✗ 37-1×42+74✗ aired in ① [✗ , ]
Y =
ELI][Y] = ① [Y][x] ai E 9 1%1<5 11-171<5
Roz f. y3 -1×42-1×34 + ✗ e- 1101 ok
=p prim
-
=

i
f- 4×3+174 e) ✗ 73
Marty
= +
2

b. corp tix] ired prim -

-

In Gtx ] Exc 4
-1×3-1×41=7-1×1 Z[×} Fired / Q
prim pol deg
l ✗ C-
p=× ✗ -14×-2
-
-_ -

'•
ired / ①
'☐ "
-1×2-1×-11

}
✗ ✗ 1 ✗ + ✗ + ✗ + . . .

✗ Ix >
f. ✗ Eisenstein fired
finalised
=

fin ired
-

Obs
-

⇐>
.

+ 1×3
Pascal
7×-111=1×+11 Triangle.nl hie
'
✗ ✗✗ "
-11×+113-11×-115 -11
Exc 76
pe { 23,5} site ZEB f Eisenstein fired / = "
✗ + 4×346×44×+1
p ]=Q(z[i] ) I
-

Ei
-

Z Zii] I 2 1
3
Lititz -13×2-13×-11

{
2
prison in 2 NU
prim in e 2- ✗

3=46+3 72 -12×+1 I 3 3 1
3
prison in Z 2 e
prim 5. i in ZEI]
14 6 ↳ I
5 in Z 2 NU e
prim in Zii] 5=12+412 it ✗ +1
prison 5 1
-

I 5 10 10

Yorime in ZEI] ✗ 4+5×710×2 -19×-14

't
"

Roz f- 3- Eisenstein f- amxmt am X + a. ✗ + ao

cÑ
, . "
"
- . .

"

plcpk
✗
f,× ,
fun " -
l * + + +
17 Eisenstein Mk top

}
- - -
-

31 ai
=
☒ ' i :O 'm -
t ,, =
✗
✗
-
l

311am f. 3- Eisenstein
lit 6^-1 )
>
am Gm
'
let am
-2
b) 1am am
-

5 ✗ ao
-
=
la -

+ . .
+
.

21 dec 2021
Seminar 12
Module
Def Ati , 1 incl • -
comutatiw / elem sale am scolari )
••
.

Um A- model / modal peste A) este un abelian 1M -11 Idem sale

griep ,

am .
vector) impreuna-cuoimmult.im cuscalari AM > M ai .

la, ✗ 11 > a •
✗ EM
A to
e) a. ( ✗ a. ✗
tally 4) a c- 4) ✗
YEN
=

immuet.im externa
2) fat b) •
✗ = a. ✗ + b.✗ 4) a
,
be A (7) ✗ EM

3) (a b) - •
✗ =
a. b. ✗ 4) a
,
be A (7) ✗ EM

4) 1 .
✗ =
✗ 4) ✗ EM

# "
Def submodul al Lui M submult.im JEN
AM :O merida N on
axtbgen (f) a. BE A

Obs AN modular operative indene M

=

pe
Oes A are structure de A- model .

2- module
A- Z =
ghupurileabeliene
-

G- abelian G- Zm Zr Zp
grup
- ✗ ✗

constrains abelian
6=12,
iatiamirileeu care
groped
161=1 ,
+
)
IG 1--2 =>
6--122 ,
-1 )
1Gt :3 65123 ,
-1 ) i a 2 6 -
old

{ G. i. I. 5}
{ 6=124 ) Zu =

161=4 ,
-1

io-1.IO?i1,liio),li,i-B-osdp=o9dla7ENta+a+...ta--o
Dare

6--122×22,1-1 Zz ✗
Zz -
-

{ 6-

{ comitative
Gmecomutative
IG 1=5
6=125 ) ,
-1 LC R -
.

Zm Zm ✗ =
2mm
☒" % )
{ (261-1)
"
'

161=6 Gt Zzxz , =
Zs
 C. + d. i
(28 -11
a-

(
a. I EZ
-

,
2) (atb) I -
= + b.I a) a ,bEZ[i] EEZ, uncle ,
f. c. + dzi
Cmczidndz ,
✗

161=8 Gt 126×22 -1 )

i-cz-idzil.-lc-d.il t/c-di1.E- fc-15d1X+lct5d1zX- C.-i5d)x+c-

,

122×22×22 ,
-1 ) 4. + d.

(Zg
{
,
-1 )
1Gt :
g → Gin
(Z >
✗
Zs ,
-1 ) 5dzH
Cetcz -151dm dzlx
G=☒o )
=

-1

161=10 ,
a' C' + di
122×25 ) 3) (a- b) I b I Z
-

-1
-
=
a - -

a) a ,beZ[i] Eez, uncle Cisco , da , dz ✗ c-

b- Cztdzi
, , ,
-

Zm c- 2- Lid] -

model ? (cetd .it/cz-idzi)-x--(cetd.i)fcz-idzi ) I -

Zm C- Z -
model movie =/ C. Cz dedz-ik.dz -
+ czd ,)i ) - I

d)
'

[ceca d.dz -15¢ dztczd )]✗

Fd C- Zm
-

E-
z[rd]Zm
,
-

,
Th ⇐> ( (F) Ee Zm ai .
=

(c. + d. itfcztdzi ) -
I =/ C. + 5d , )¢zt5dz) ✗
I
Zmadmili o structure de Zard] model -

Fie Zn ⑦ G- ④
'
i
=/CeCe -15C dz-is-dicz-25d.dz/X 25=-1 in 2,3
D= Zm
,
-
l
"
c- Zm ai = -

z[i]
.

=/ Cecz did , -151C .de/-czde/ ✗

Rem Z Fi Zp 4k -11
-

>3 in C- ⇐>
p prim p=
Z, ¢ Z[ i] modal -
4) 1. ✗ = l -
E = 1-7=2
2- [i ]
zi;] 25
Z, model Exc 79 structure de ZÑ]
Dem Zz Zz
⇐>
c-
modal ⇐>
(8)
-

cñ me are -

z[
Roz × 0 ±i 1- i 1=5
2- [i] ✗
Zn →
Zm later / I :(a -16.0hr ✗2=5 me are sol in Zz
A M M i E i i, I
conform Th Zz me are structure de ZÑ] -
model
Exc 78 Dem Cai Zi, este 2- [i ] model -

fat.a-deimm.ae scolari
later ) I =/a -15 b) ✗ •
a ,bEZ sie EE Zaz Exc 81 Z[i] un Zizi] -

model ? Das cidic

Roz Roz 22=2×2
✗ d ±i Ii -15 I -15 ±É ?
4311,15 -317747,01110717
(44%1,1-7,71)
±
✗ = - i 5={51^8} ,

on i i § 5 io
T.m.lk
ñ

Ms EMI
}
=>
01 , 17,71 EM
C- Man Mz
,
Ms
,

e) a.
Ñ+ig=a I + a.
if ma c- ZII] I
,igeZ uncle a- ctdi
bing.c.de Z 114 , 01,17 7) C- Mz >
Mz EM>
-
- =
,
,

114,01 13 e) -15 -31 uncle Z

Kye
✗
y
= '
+
,

Cadi )tI+iy=
,

@
di.i-lc-idi.by bdut.ie
f.
+
Obsessions cñ ✗ =3
?ig=
'

µ, µ,
Zrs
<
@ + b-d) ✗
lctsdly Itg -_×+y 17,71 X 13,1 ) 15 , -3 )
+

y
=
=
-
+ '

Obsonxim cñ ✗ =L,
y=
-
l oohifie
=

¢+5 d) ✗ ¢ -15dg
Analog
+
Mz CM , =3 Manila =
143

✗ EM , A Mz . . .
✗ C- M3

} {
✗ =
a -13 1) -1615 , 3) 39+56=7 c 3C -15cL C- 3d
of
-

, = > a:
g. =

z
Simultan ✗ = c. 17,01yd ,qz, 9- 3b=zd z

Ctd
pas
-
-

Tabi pentru alelalte exc :

Exc 82 Z[i]=M
Roz Z[i]= Later >
finitgenerat
= { a-ibila.GE Z}

zZEi]={ a' + bit a

, BEZ }

z
{ si }

Exc 83 7 : 22=2*2 → Zz ✗ Zee fix

.gl =/
E
,2gl
a) f- apl .
lim
b) f-
c)kerf
surf 44 -21,12141>
=
,

Roz 22 = Zz Zeo ✗

mZnmZ=[mm] Z
22 A 37=62
4216 2=122
m2 -1m Z -
-
In , m) Z

Exc 84 4- IZEI] submoduleinit

generated lui QI] ecidic
-

Rot Iie
e-ifi-lai-bii.az Gii , ajtbji )
'

( aitch
C. Qi +
+
a'ztbii
Cztdzi
+ aritbii
csxdsi ) =

(
etfi
cu+d↳i
)
[c. + d.i , Cztdzi , cztdsi] =
c↳td↳i
 4 ian 2022
Seminar 13
Exc 85 f : 2×2 2-2×2,0
fling/ =lEiÑy )
- >

Zz Zeo
iyEZ
SEMINAR ALGEBRA III SERIILE 20,22 13
I C- ,
c- ,
✗

apl.Z-liniasa.ie/f- swrjectivai 1koif-

Seminar 12 it f-
85. Fie funcţia
f: 22 > Za x Zo, f(z,y) = (2,2 —y).
Arătaţi că : 44 -21112,41)
(î) f este aplicaţie Z-liniară.
,

(îi) f este surjectivă.

(îii) Nucleul lui f este egal cu < (4, —2), (2,4) >.
in , 2 =
22×2,0
(iv) Modulul factor Z2/ < (4, —2), (2,4) > este izomort cu Za x Zao.
414 -21112,4) )

{ FllxiyitlzAkagi
,

Flaky"
-
-

36. Folosind teorema fundamentală de izomorfism, arătaţi că Z[i]-modulul factor

Ret ,wH=a¥×,y b.fiz.no,
it
flatly biz +
+ , ⇐,
Z[i] x Zi]/ < (1+î,1-5> fc2.ro)
,wD=&×,y
+
,
este izomorf cu Z[i] x Za. Structura de Z|i]-modul a lui Z[i] x Za este dată de
(a+ bi)(c+ di,z) = ((a+ bi)(c+ di), (a+b)2), a,b,c,deZ,reZ.
(Ind. Incercaţi cu funcţia (2,y) = (2 — îy,y: 1).)
87. Este Z[i]-modulul Z[i] x Z[i]/ < (1+î,1 —î) > din ex. precedent ciclic ?
flak ,
g)
+
blz.ws/--flaxtbr-.ay-ibw1--laxtbz,2laxtbz1-lay-bw ) )

38. Arătaţi că Z[i]-modulul factor after

,yl
+
bf-IZ.no/--alEi2x-y~1tblEi2Z-Tr1--laE,al2x-y11tlbz-,bl2Z-To11
AE-ibz.at#g1tbl2Z-Tw1/- -lax- ibz-,aTE-ys-ibl2 - wT)- -lax-
Z[i] x Z[i]/ < (2—î,2+5) > =/
este izomorf cu Z[i] cu structura canonică de Z[i]-modul.
(Ind. Incercaţi cu funcţia (7,9) = (2+ î)z — (2 — î)y.)
89. Arătaţi că Z[i]-modulul Z[i] xZ[i] este generat de vectorii (2—î,2+1) şi (1, 1+1).
(Ind. 1= (1+1)(2—1)—(2+3).)

21axtbzl-laytbwli ltlk-iylc-Zr-Z.CH
bz ,

90. Rezolvaţi ex. 88 folosind ex. precedent şi teorema a doua de izomorfism.

'
Z

.es/- lEiy1T-HibY=la,2a-b1-.lE,ig1c-.s(a=E?i2a-eT- gai- X2a-b=y

91. Fie A un inel comutativ şi fie a,b,a',b” e Acuaa'+bb' = 1. Arătaţi că la, b) C- ai tha
A-modulul factor A2/ < (a,b) > este izomorf cu A.

→ ice -

Ñ=j
2E -
b-
=^y 2in -

y^=Ñ iFy=Ñ
iii, there 414 -
-

, -21,1241>
-211--15,2-(-1-21)=1010^1
§
}
f- 114 kerf
, =
> 14 , -21,12, 4) C-

7112,411=(5,2-2^-41--10,0)
{ 2aÑ=j
a- =°
É Fie table kerf ⇐ sfia b) ,
=
10,01 ⇐> (a- 2%1=10,0 )
,
⇐> =3

{
-2k KEZ
{ 9=-20 a-

b
La-6=-00 2A
top PEZ
-
- -

Vreau (7) 2.
BEZ ai .
la , b) = 214 ,
-21+1312,41

da -
6--10
p
= > b- sa-
-

top
b- 4h - -

top oil f-
say
(F) later I / EZE]×Z, ⑦
uncle a ,b , LEZ
, ix.
g)
C-
ZL-iiai.fccx.gr )
-
-
later , II

{
" = ↳
£+2B
121214k top/ =/ 42+213 -22+4,3,
{ iy ath
atbitiy
'

c. > ✗ -
✗
lx-iy.az-ibzl-la-ieie.si )
- -
-
=
,
⇐> ⇐
4k top - =

-22+413 1.2
1+1 aztbc =L

} alegem y
10k
-2010=1013 p=k 2pc-ZY-lk.pe Z 92--7-196,21=2
a-ibi-iidbz-gla.b.tl
>
> ✗
-

=L
=
= =

0
22=413 -4kt top 22=4*8 p -4*-110 p
=
✗
+16+-21 i
>
=p
=

✗ =
a-
a. = h ta b, ,
d) =
9+0
A
int f : A - > B motions de Z module
-

lgrupwieabeliene) kerf
= ]mf be -
-
i la , 6,21=6+2
Dim ii. f-
surg
Dim iii. there (14-21,1241)
-
- iii,best :( lexi ,
e- it)
A=Z×Z B- Zz -
✗
Zeo Itami e- in ,
=
titi -
ite il -

,
1+1-7 / =

22 =
11-1 i -

1,0-1=10,0-1
i -

(14-21,1241)=22×2,0
"

f- Fie
lxigekoif ⇐> fax
.gl/--lo,o-lc-.s1x-iy.ctd)--O,0 ) ⇐>

{ =iy
✗
iy=0
{
Z[i]×Z[i] ✗ -

Exo Z[i ] 22=14

86
¥ # c- z
✗

cried parietal
⇐
Citi ,
i - i) ) C-
ZE] model -

Ctd -0
-

Ctd -
-

pas : an aceeagi = > ,

{
a
Roz
= -

tie a-ibi.c-idic-A-ZL-itsi.t.CZ d
'

axbi a
=iy=
✗
-
=
, >
b :c
la-ibi.lc-di.tl =/ latbillctdil , latest ) :

IF a-
ZE]
II. later ,
et dit =/ ✗ +
pi ) ( hi ,
d- it

c-idil-IL-iti-ipi-p.a-ai-pi-ipl-al-d-ici.c2+13-12
-dil-12-p-ik-ip.li
⇐> 1- dtci ,
fndicat.ie
+
Z[i-Z[i] > Z[i]×Zz ,
-

B) it
dtci
{ { d- p
Z
lx-iy.c-idjundex-a-bi.y-c-idicua.b.c.de =L
p -14+13 )i 2+13
I > '
lxigl
- - =
⇐> = >
it Trebuiesa-asat-amca-feapl.EE] lin -

.
c-' di =L + p -
h -

p, ;
- -
2
(t )

{ Kugel .gl/--fllxniy.HtfllXayz1lt1lXmYn1ilkaYa1EZL-i]
f- ( -114

}
c-
id=2p p= EZ

.gl/--xHixiyHXi--aa-lgiflKiig1tlXuyzD--lXn+Xz-ilyitgz
flax
1- I
) as -1944651b¢ )
D= 22 ¥ .CZ
,

Xz=az + bzi c- ✗ =
=/ a. + aztbzt by + ilbitbz as 9g) as -1944651b¢ )
- -
,

best c- CHI , i )) kerf :( Leti i>

yiastbsi
=
> i -

i -

flka.ge/1-1Fkxz,YzH--lXi-iy.,az-lrs)-lXz-iyziaqtbq).yz--aatbai
,

Zli] 2- Li] ✗

X.tl/z-iyii-iyz,astbs-aatba)d--as-los-i--lxntXz-ilyi+gz
=/ TFI Z[i]x Zz
Viti i i ) )
)
-

,
) , as -1944651b¢ ✓

FILIX
.ge/--flldX.,2yiD=lLXi-i2yi,asas--bsbs-+asbs-+as-bs/LYn=9zas-
.

-
les les -1%9365495 bs)

d- Fire ))
.gl/--LlX.-iyi,astbs)=ldlx,-iyi1ilas-ibs-las+bs
=/ Asks -19563 )
✗✗
ily a> 95 bzbs +
- -
, , ,
 ZE] ZE"
?
+

Exo 87 Este Eti] modeled Z[i ] ✗ Z = cidic

,
( Leti , i i) )
-

Roz
Pp , RA (F) later E) c- Z[i ] ,
✗
Z, ai . ( later x-D ,
=
Z[i] ✗ Zz
Lla-1 bi E) =
11,0-1

o-j://c-dikatbil-yc-dlE-ole.tl
,

ludi Haxhi , E) =
11 ,
•

d '
1- I ,
t ) =
10 it ,
✗ =
0=>(0+0) it = I 26
Ii ,
t I
1- i t
, ,
Baia modulul fi ciclic clem
as am
putea genera 10 , it insé me
sepoate
deci mu e a'die .

11 ian 2022 Nen / Net Nz ) :{ .

}
Seminar 14 N.am/Ne+Nz1-- { } .

N , NIN , -1Wh :( ]
Sume directe
.

Exc 94 zZ[i ] IZEI ] c- Z -

model )
AM Ni , Nz ,Nm EM submodule
ÉEEi ] :< is Nu !
,
. .
.

{ Nin Nm
'
M =
Nit Nz -1 1-
y
M -
-
Nei Nzt _i Nm ⇐s
. . -

:&;Z[ ]
. .
.

/
Éinjl :{
j
-
- i
0 } i :< hi > atbi-a-l-b.im a. BEZ ix. atbi c- ZE]

A) ✗ EM
= >
(F) ! × , ,
- . -

in ai .
✗ =
✗ i Liam A- { hi } bar-a-ptz.IE] -

"
F. Mm 13={1+2,2+3-1} bata =

{1+2,4+51} borzoi ?
{ M=NitNz & c. =

particular
=

Cat :
m=z : M : N ,
;N , ⇐

NinNz= { 0} {1 ,lt3i } booze Nu

'

D= ,
lti :

Roz
xi-iy.i.xz-iyzilg{-bar-alxs-ce.is
✗ =/
Zia , =L É > ills >
Exc 92
Roz =9k
Z module / -

ghupioieabdienel ⇐>
' c- < × >

i. Lx >
✗ c- Lg's I =
desk ✗ 11441 uncle k.CZ
,beZ
{ alxityilyblxztyi )
1- a
yececi j=eñe
-

> ⇐>

Z
12m -11 cilice Li > In i-c-i-iy.il-idlxz-iyzijc.de
( ye 1/81=1 ;)
fax
-
=

-10×2=1 "
-

, "
.
*
i. §> ( IG >
aye by
< + ok + O
Yi
-
-

,
⇐,
i c- 25 > Leis cxitdxz -0
/ 2) (G) =/ 9)
I ✗
IEZ.ae -
-
x -
+
it • ✗

lsoiempei-k.g-il.is?l--gk+l6lcuk.l-cZ
Putem sci
cyetdyz l
y .
yz
-
-
-

I
181=+4 ;)
{
19,161=1 II. e. aunt
copri.me/si.Zefrumosleudidian) 19,16) comaximale
-

them
"

19,162=2 ✗ c- crazy
Zhu E ( §> + (1^6) (d) -4,0 ) :X

(§ > slice > :{ 8}

=
✗
- '
= <
✗
*
Eolzlz)
✗

ñ=§k=iGp 5h dip ask 644)

ebp
aij-saji-sfji-1-ni-J.dji.CZ
⇐> = = *
✗ :

}
16114419k l6p 1619k loop
/ gh
}=
-
-

= > is '

16 /
> 161k E- 5. look Mai room det✗= -1-1 c- V12)
Kop
-

(egg, ,
,
x' = its -
h
'

= nice -
h
'
-
- G level Taek EZ '
Pt 13={1+21,2+51}
/ =/ /
2

/
I
16-9=144 ✗ a Xz
= le Utz ,
I Lie.is >
-

7- de 13=1001 Zeoo = ( t.ee > i-L7.is > 23

Y
-

1 >
,

✗ < is >
 Pt c- -

{ e+2i ,
4+5i }

Garay
= > c-+

/ / =/ ! ¥ /
" "
= 5- 8 =
-3¢ uz ,
.
ya

Exc 96 Dem ai 2%2 ,

,, >
+
liber ca Z modal

G- abelian 12 model ) G
grup
- > -

f
elem messed de osdimfinit

☒
Daca al

F
Gare 26--1 lilo
pñfim

§
E.
It

I
W
e.

Ex

BE
&
§

3
In
&

a
G
±
un

§
☒
,

s
.

g.
11
✗
N

~
.ua#~a~a

BEEBE
NANA

3
%

a
Def ( G ) sie

3
el neutral

ex
o
✗ E G

"
✗
-

y
-

"
.

, , ,

33
4) him }

•
{ menu

•
ord I si

*
e

E
ו×;j

as

>
"
+ e

"
✗

"
✗
=

•
N
a
,

①
=

A
3

F
0
A

888
g

i
*
¥
'
11,41 Z

~
C- =
2×2

-
,
in

§
3

9
q
0

-0
o

⑧
line ?֖

F
it
og

☒
A

w
5
-
I
f'

a
"

3
a
3

@
§

a
3
>

e.
ftp.f

÷
111,44+1561=15,81--1050 ) )

8
88
4,4^1=10,01 ord 1%1--2

,,
§
it
i
A

o
N

-
->
-
✓
I
o
,

E
42,815--10101-112,85=3

it
Pp Cci lies OTO) =3 11,41

''
d-

✓
=L +

NAIF
A

A
11,41=12,8) KE Z

SI
11,41 -10,01

F
42 8D

B
n
I
C-

✗
✗

'

v
n
-

¥
t

o
,

-
*

: •
2h 2¥

3
A-

→
ANI

By
Ex

I
9

9¥
-
8,

,,
l

"
'

&
e.
Eg
AH

I
t

O>

.
'

÷
12,81 pt 12781=10,07

V3
"
✗

§
a
-10,01 C- ( 1281 >

↳
•
N
-

•
-

"
"
°

n
AM
AN
lilies de Garia
D-
We ,
,

. . .
I
Wm
foe um} ,
. . .

>

} ⑦!
41W;)
o
ape
=
Wi
.
lim .

(F) i
4:14
= Fm
→ N ca
poops

Exc Nami.li lineare de la 2- [i] la Zz Zz

97
aplicatiile Z ✗
-

Ii]= libor Z modal libel de

hang 2
=

fe i } booze
,
4 : ZE ] → Zz Zz ✗

4=2 linear -

In esen.to me core sa-numcisamfunct.iieecubar-a-ZL-iss.ie Natori in ZEE,

}
e- : A → B twndie
IAI =
m
no ,
total defunqtii = candlestand# =
mm

1131 =
m

La moi 7: { l
,
i } → Zz ✗ Zz 42--16
☒

Teoiee pt exc 95 ix. 98 : Me are elem de forma . § : ( §> CM

,

inele admit AB elem de forma

A-> B moifism de Ma are
¥ .
: L ¥ > cuz
a •
A =
Kaj b .
ae aC- A ,
GEB Mrs M > = { o}
In Zm morfism de imele at
¥
→
alt
-

ls
§ - = .

I A incl 0A
E. I.
f Ty %
→
-
A
ab c- Men Mz
-

,
= > = >
mz
,
Z F,
¥ f- E
MT ÷
✗ +I
→ : I : ✗+
y
- =
-

Mz
' '
?I
y
'
☒ = ✗ + I → ✗ +

' Intubate covsultat.ee is ian :

> ✗
y
'
✗ ✗ c- I
-
-
✗ C-

IET -
con dit.ie naturala- 1 .

KZ 4- nZ c- s Lk > a- Ln> ⇐> mlk Exc 28 -

>
CLD -

explicqtii
Exc 93 Dem ca Z -

modulele Z Q Z
, ,
,
sunt indecomposable 2 4 si 211-1 Fsl in
'

,
Z [5-3] on V12 [5-3]) =
{± e ]
imdecompoeabil SDI Mri Mz este Div 141 { 42 , Fs , F3 }
simgeosa descompunere
M =
⇐> in M = = it l -

,
4

ceatrivialci , i. e n
-
-
Mi Io} Div (211+5-31) =
{ 1,2 1+5-3, ,
l -
F3 , 211-1 Fist }
Roz z =
Mri Mz
Mmm > EZ { M •
= <a> •
, 2,1+5-3 ,
l -
F3 -
divirorii comuni si miciunul me se divide cutqticeilal.li
Zito} B)]
Mz = C b? (F) 14,211+5-311 , (F) [ ↳ ,
211 +

Z submodulele lui Z sunt

-

idealele dim Z De ce rue le immelt.im pe cele te si a'la e ammdc .

submodulele Lui idealele principal

,

A -
A aunt dim A- -

Alte example de moi care mu an

gcdo.si
{
< a> + < b) =
Z sie . ummmnc .

Las :( a> Z ⇐
{o}
=

< a> s 2b > =

Exc 31
alg Euclid die diferit desk Fdosinn lafel .

}
< a> + (G) La , b > =L d > d--19 b)
45
=

d =/ a. b) N t 4142 66 , ,

Z =
Ll )

Las n < b) =
LM ) m=[a , b) ¥ { 0}

{ a 0
-

{0} idecompozabil
-

m =
⇐>
m=o⇐ > Dale = > Ze
☒
f. =

Zg # Zz Z↳ ✗ =/ Z> ✗
Zz ✗ Zz
Zg =
Nii Nz

Zz = N ,
N2
N, ✗
Nz

① =
Mai Mz Cu Ma , Mz =/ { 03
15 ian 2022 2. Exc 31 teme
Consultații gcd He -11552 3413521 ,
= ? cu Euclid
N1 3- Fr / =
Nl -5-3521=7
euclidean >
principal > factorial > GCD → Schreier '

r
= > 3- Fr Ul -
5- 3521 ⇐> a- (3-52)=-5-352
i
=

Noetherian atomic
i Nhi )
'
.
N 13 -
T2 ) =
N
(-5-352)
=
7
to Bozoat i

Accept
CLD =

it ZEE ] ULZEE] ) =/ ± let 521^1 me Z }

"

Proto
atomic ink
nentitategenesatoare
A- domain factorial 5-352 -15 952-552-6 -21 Kurz
=-3 -252
-

Tz
- -

= =
g- ~
V2 9- 2 z
A-
principal
-

pig prime
→
c- HI
coprime Ip g)
,
- l 3-

aunt comaximale b, the

psi q
a
q
=
, e
,

A AE
-

bi -2 -1-9 , I I e)
- -

Lp> sq> < pig >

- .

+ = = ce > = ,

93=6 ,
-

qs 1- As Agha b.) ~ -9, -

Mrs
Z[rd ] principal
, ,
=
⇐s GCD-iatomec-lv-laibc-AD-lla.ee )
au =
Gu {at the
gratis pt ZLTD }
-

1 sa-facemlista-cuimleleapaouetelaaorss.ie cam sunt ele

17+3452 6--7-135-2
.

a- -

IN 1×1
Nly)) IX.
g)
N
=
I e
Cant bq)
,
2-[5-2] ai Nla < Nlb )
{
c-
-
.

17+3452 17747.345-2 -515-2+204 119-1204-1 F2( 238-511 2- [Fs] Z[F5 ] -

write mean GCD tad primeval
§
= = = , , ,
=

7-13-5-2 72+32 .
2 49+18
3
Z [5-3] V12 [5-3]) {± e ] Anatoli
.

4 si b--211-1 Fsl in =
a- (7) la , G)
c.
323-11875-2 a-
,
on .

5+3 Fz
=

67
=q Duo kik {④ ②ice
Div 1211+5-311 { ② 3 =

, , 2ll- }
Nla Nltt -1345-2 (7+352115+30--2))
bq ) 0 iiimtuim
-
= -
=
=

sunt evident
.

0
Nl 17+345-2 135-1215-2-115 FZ -18 )) =
=
- me
=

= N 117-1345-2-17
-
36Fz) =
Ne
imtmba-mdac-aapara.pe lista walalta
d

{
dib
=
Nl -2521=102-1-21
?
1- 2) 1=8
" la sie
Pp cñ 13-1 d- la -

,
e) ⇐>
sie
Id
'
Nlb / d la sie d't b d
'
NIF -13 Fz) 67 8 Nla bq)
>
2) HI
= = = -

21
}
a
21 d
2lb

let 5-3111-5-31 =
l -
l -

3) =
4
?⃝
?⃝
}
1+0-31 a
Fz Id 97 14+9it 14 3 -7
exclude
posibilitatea d--2 3.7 zit
=
it ca 2037 = ' - .

1+5-3 lb
1843 =
19.97

22¥ t 12B¢ 2-[5-3]

2
= = -
=> 1+5-3×2 1649 =
17-97
µg,
1455=3-5-97
2 =
2-25-3
1-13
=
¥ lzfz
-

¢2 [5-3] 2×145-3 1358 =

2.7.97
1+5-3
1261 =
13-97
exclude
posibilitatea ca D= 1+0-5
1067 :
11-97

211+5-31 211+25-3-3)
= = -
e + Fz
d- Fz 1+3
14+9 it ✗ 14+9 ill 4- sit -3.7 ore dem ai e si
,
Kisi si 6- Gi ,
Eisenstein
2X 1- Fs I c- Z care sunt elem .

prime dim 2- [ i ] ?
Dacñ am in multi divirzowi un no care ✗ a
bi
2- at
prim
=

4k¥ ZE]

{
21 d *
Prim in
" " Ñ/d it b = 0 → 2- =
a C- Z
Nu imelul factorial in ZE]
merge ptca prim
lfsld me e ↳his a -

d-
pm z
in
general .
a-
prim ☒Yeti ) ( d- is *
prim in Z[i]
1961 =
,

An dacia a. b. ✗ c- A factorial oil b-to

merge
-
-

?
{
t a✗ × →i
Chian daia A :
what (F) @ ,
x) = '
a- IAEA atom s.ie ✗ c- A
a
,
alx -7in7
pt.ca UIZEI]) =
{ ± e. ± i}
(2,1+5-3)
} imtrebarea devine daoñ prim in Zti]
=
1 7 e
= > 12,1-15-3 ) = I
✗ 1+5-3 7=4.1+3 7 in 2-[i ] fi in Z[ i]
2
prim prim
-

4 tame
Exc
f- =
39
3×741067×6-1 1261×5 1358×4 1455×3-11649×2 -1 + + 1843×+2037
Aeg general .

NO
7- e 97 ioted Eisenstein Idem la 37) DA
Nlñlprim ?
-

fired / v
① ( it =
QIZEI ] ) v
DA
ñprim la , 01=1 ? s ñmeprim
97=14+91714 -
Gil desc in ZE] ZLTD] Zodin ]
in
.

Eisenstein
^
Ne
gain dim coif e 4+9 i saw 4- gi -

peste Lil R
u
NU 7

NO
Nlñ)=p2
A- domeniu factorial si ?
p prim
-

p prim
-

f- am=
✗Mt + a , ✗
+ a
o

fired
.

ort Eisenstein
. .

DA
i-o.mu

{
pl ai Hi in ,
da ✓
to
pKa
pxam
.

Fd¢Zp
 Met I ñ= at bi c- 2- [i] 18 ian 2022
Nlñl
Consultații
it la , b) → ñ
Prim ⇐>
prim
-
- -

a- o ±
PEZ Prim "
{
-

'
iillaibl DX did / Nail * prim Paek-13 zZ
(16,5%52%1,11091)=14
-

i salt
a
-

6=0 I
ipeizpsim

(
P
-

Prim in Ztrd ]
2Nd ] factorial sit) 110,91=1216,51-1 115,2) b. LEZ
pen pain SAU 5. G
-
-
⇐ = >

p=NlZd 2- • C- Zffd ]
,
Li .
→
/? 1=-13
Deci ,
clem aveam la met I at 6,51+615,21--10,01 = > a =
b-
-
o ldaca-nufa.com det)
4k-13
{
sunt in 2- Ii ] -156--0
{ 2,4k prime 1 : :/ 111=1 :|
6A

-11 sunt normale amor elem dim ZEII 5A-1 26=0

I :/ essimgioarsoe ?
5 Games det -13=10
=

26×2,
:

2/[5-3] modal

{ 6h512+21=9
la -165-3) IX. Hat b) ✗ ta b) ) BEZ Zc, -151--10 1.5
Y
At a.
g) X.ge
• -
=
,

VI. is > = ? 1.6

1-1

Hi , it > =
{ latbr-31.li/i)la+bF3EZEF3 ]} 131=-6 → e¢Z = >
me
genorear-a-bar-a.im it
110,91 ¢46,51 , 15,21)
latbr-31.li , i ) =/later i .

,
la b) i
- 1=1 atÑ at ) ,
h "

3. i. it it i 3.9=5 ti in £2 atom in Z ]
neporim
=

N 121=4 Ntt Niro)

kith?
=

air at { G. I]
-

=
+ = 22 c- 2 .
2

on i I 3 4
} unit-a.li
2- C- VIAL

2×10
i
✗
.

• l
I 0 I weuia,
'

a' + *Ñ
Nlz) = -2
-

a'+ 15 Ñ= 8
↳

G- o -158 ¢2
f. sol $1 d. de noma- Z["I]
=
- ✗
ec.mu are =
> 2 im

bat 15<8 I
2 atom

3.

143-811×-1133
easily 27-5I
-
=

gcd 143-81,33-194 3 Fi
-
=

127-5 I
3- 7-i

ÉC devine 112+-11×+14+3 2+3 i

ily
=
.

gcdllzti , 4+34=1 (F)

xo.jo
C- Z[ i ] ai .
112+4×0 -114+3 i.
go
= 1

A- euclidean
la , b) =D ai d- b-
12
p.CA att
→
,
. -

p
( Rti ) Xo +14+3
ilyo =L

112-11-15×0<12+343+14+34 [
go.LY?if--2t3i=..
4+3 i
'

a 12+31 1- i

b e- i
'

4+31 e

E 2-i zi i

s e -
i I 0