Manufacturing Processes LabMEM564 LS 1/ZIYADI Rev.

04-2016

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Program Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) Mechanical (EM220/ CEEM220)

Course Manufacturing Processes Lab
Code MEM 564

LABORATORY SHEET: METROLOGY

TITLE : Surface Roughness Measurement

OBJECTIVE :

To obtain the value of the roughness of a specimen by the CENTER LINE AVERAGE (CLA) or ROUGHNESS
AVERAGE (Ra) method by using a Computerized Roughness Measuring Machine.

SPECIMEN & EQUIPMENT :

a) Specimen ; piston cylinder

b) A computerized Surface Roughness Machine
c) Digital Planimeter

THEORY :

A surface can never be perfectly smooth and will always have two components of surface texture namely
roughness and waviness as shown in figure 1. They may vary from fine to coarse according to the machine
process used.

Figure 1

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 Manufacturing Processes LabMEM564 LS 1/ZIYADI Rev.04-2016

FIND , DRAW , DEFINE:-

Waviness height, Flaw, roughness width, roughness height, waviness width roughness-width cutoff

A means of measuring surface finish that is normally used by ISO is the CLA method. It measures the average
value of the departures of both that are above and below the center line average of the surface through a
prescribe sample length L . The Mean results if several sampling lengths taken consecutively will give the actual
roughness value of the surface of the component.

CLA = ∑ A / (L x Mv)

Where :-

∑ A = Sum of area above and below the center line

L = Sample length (graph)
Mv = Vertical Magnification

METHOD OF APPROACH :

 Select a cutoff wavelength of 0.8 mm by 8 sections of the machine. Set the machine to a vertical
magnification to AUTO and horizontal magnification to 100.

 Place the component on the auto leveling table at a suitable position such that when pick up head is
lowered , its stylus contacts the surface of the specimen.

 Set the machine; ready to record the measurement.

 Obtain the roughness profile graph for the specimen.

LAB REPORT PREPARATION :

 Step by step procedure of the manual process.

 Insert pictures, graphics and etc.
 Compare the computerized results with the manual ; calculate results ; percentage error.
 Tabulate your results.

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