Listing

1.) definition

2.) interesting facts

3.) other theories

4.) News on dark matter

5.) How close are we to finding dark matter

Does dark matter really exist or ito ba talaga ay totoo? But how do we even know kung ang greatest
challenge for studying matter is hindi natin ito nakikita .

Kung ganun let's find out the mysterious substance called dark matter.

But first as we far know literally dark means black. Without light we are like blind folded surrounded by
dark. Our life depends on light. As the sun rise in the morning the radiation of light reflect to the object
then goes to our eyes.

Okay let's talk about what dark matter really means!

- Dark matter is a type of matter hypothesized in astronomy and cosmology to account for a large part of
the mass that appears to be missing from the universe or in short its a missing mass.

When sun goes down night cames after.

When we look up into the night sky, we notice that is filled with those thousand of stars. These bright
celestial bodies include planets in our solar system, stars on our galaxy, and entire galaxies that are far,
far away. With the help of telescopes, we can observe these celestial bodies through the light they
radiate.All telescopes work by detecting light in the electro- magnetic spectrum, from visible lights to X-
rays emitted by these celestial bodies. But do you know that dark matter cannot observe with telescopes
because it does not emit light in any part of electro- magnetic spectrum.

Well, If dark matter is so difficult to observe, why do scientists believe it actually exists?

The evidence to support the existence of. dark matter is extensive, and we will explore three main
examples.

First evidence:

Dark matter affects the movement of stars within galaxies)

--The first type of evidence supporting the existence of dark matter has to do with the way matter
affects the movement of celestial bodies. in our solar system,almost all of the mass is in the Sun.

Second evidence:
(Dark matter messes with calculations of galaxy mass)

- - -back in 1933,fritz zwicky studied the light emitted by the more than 1,000 galaxies that one part of
the coma cluster of galaxie. Two method was use,one method used the velocities of the galaxies,which
he determined by measuring shifts in the light they emitted. The second calculations method
determined mass using the total brightness of the cluster.

Third Evidence:

(dark matter bends light)

-the third area of evidence supporting the existence of dark matter comes from a study of the bullet
cluster;

---Astronomers have found a way to discover the mass of celestial object,like a galaxy,using a technique
know as gravitational lensing.

-grabitational lensing is based on the fact that the mass of an object influences the density of space
around it. When light travels through this dense space,it bends. To make this clear,let us imagine a flat
stretchi sheef. The sheet represents space when nk masses are near it. Now, imagine placing a bowling
ball in the sheet. We know that the sheet will get pulled down by the bowling ball.

-When the universe was still young clumps of dark matter have likely attracted gas,which then coalesced
into start that eventually assembled the today's galaxies.

---black holes absorb dark matter,and over the billions of years since galaxies were first formed,this
absorption of dark matter in black holes has very likely altered the population of galaxies from what we
can observe today.

-despite the recent improvement in astronomy,there is still a great deal of unknown about
origin,properties and distribution of dark matter.

Dark matter makes up about a quarter of the cosmos, but we still don't know what it is. As part of a two-
part series called Light & Dark on BBC Four, physicist Jim Al-Khalili pondered how close we are to
understanding the mysterious "dark stuff".

Given all the progress we've made in modern physics over the past century, you may be forgiven for
thinking that physicists are approaching a complete understanding of what makes up everything in our
Universe.

For example, all the publicity surrounding the discovery of the Higgs boson last year seemed to be
suggesting that this was one of the final pieces of the jigsaw - that all the fundamental building blocks of
reality were now known.

So it might come as something of a shock to many people to hear that we still don't know what 95% of
the Universe is made of.

It's all rather embarrassing. Everything we see: our planet and everything on it, the moon, the other
planets and their moons, the Sun, all the stars in the sky that make up our Milky Way galaxy, all the
other billions of galaxies beyond with their stars and clouds of interstellar gas, as well as all the dead
stars and black holes that we can no longer see; it all amounts to less than 5% of the Universe.
And we don't even know if space goes on for ever, what shape the Universe is, what caused the Big Bang
that created it, even whether it is just one of many embedded multiverses.

About a quarter of all the stuff in our Universe is thought to be made up of dark matter. We know this
because galaxies appear to weigh a lot more than the sum of all the normal matter they contain that we
know about.

Many astronomical observations, including the patterns made by galaxies in the night sky, the motions
of stars within a galaxy and the images of distant galaxies distorted by the intervening matter, all point
to the unmistakable gravitational effect of some sort of elusive invisible - and therefore.. erm... dark
matter.

For example, the stars in galaxies revolve around like undissolved coffee granules on the surface of your
mug of coffee just after you've stopped stirring it. The faster the stars are moving, then the harder they
must be pulled towards the centre to keep them from flying away.

If the only matter in the galaxy was the stuff you could see then the outer stars should be revolving
much more slowly than they actually are. In fact they are moving round so fast that without some extra
gravitational force to hold on to them, they'd be flying off into the depths of space.

The only way to explain the way these stars are observed to behave is if there is additional gravitational
attraction due to some kind of invisible form of matter, which surrounds the stars. And to have the
effect it does, it would have to contain many times more mass than all the visible forms of matter put
together.

The problem with dark matter is that, whatever it is made of, it seems to interact very weakly with
normal matter. This makes it very hard to catch - like trying to catch a shadow. In fact, it streams right
through the Earth as easily as sunlight passes through a glass window.

There are three different ways we can try to find out what dark matter is made of. We can look out into
space and see the results of collisions of dark matter particles by trying to detect the normal matter
particles created in the debris of these collisions; or we can try to catch dark matter particles directly as
they stream through the Earth; or we make them ourselves in particle accelerators like the Large Hadron
Collider at Cern.

It is the second of these methods though that is the most promising as far as current experiments go.