Candidate’s Name: Random No. Personal No. Signature: (Do not write your School/Centre Name or Number anywhere on this booklet.) PS30/1 BIOLOGY (Lheory) Paper 1 Nov./Dee, 2022 2% hours UGANDA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS BOARD. Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education BIOLOGY (THEORY) Paper 1 2 hours 30 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: This paper consists of sections; A and B. Answer all questions in both sections. Write answers to section A in the boxes provided and answers to section B in the spaces provided. No additional sheets of paper should be inserted in this booklet For Examiners’ Use Only Section | Question | Marks A 1-40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Examiner's Signature and No. Total © 2022 Uganda National Examinations BoardSECTION A (40 MARKS) is box provided. Each Write the letter corresponding to the right answer in the box p' question in this section carries one mark. 1. Inbacterial and fungal cells, food is stored in form of AL starch. Ra B. lipids. C. proteins, D. glycogen. % 2. Which one of the following is the possible genotype of the parent in a dihybrid test cross where an offspring shows up with all recessive traits? A. RRGG. B. RrGG. C. RRGg. D. RrGg. 3. Which one of the following is controlled by the combined actions of nervous and hormonal systems? Temperature. Blood pressure. Glucose levels. Solute potential. pop> 4. Which one of these explains why the respiratory quotient normally falls when the seed coat is shed during germination? Shedding of the seed coat reduces the rate of respiration, Removing the seed coat increases surface area for enzyme action. Removal of seed coat leads to less carbon dioxide released. Removal of the seed coat allows entry of oxygen. pomp 5. Which one of the following is an adaptation of the loose connective tissue? Possession of a matrix which contains flexible fibres for strength and resilience. an underlying tissue to protect against dehydration. germ layer in the early growth and development of the organs. a basement membrane composed of non elastic collagen fibres. pompFigure 1 is a pyramid of biomass, Fish |Zooplankton Phytoplankton, ‘ Fig. 1 The pyramid shows that the ‘ Zooplankton have a higher reproductive rate than phytoplankton, B: number of fish outnumber that of zooplankton sap phytoplankton, C. zooplankton have a short life span, D. phytoplankton have a rapid turnover rate. Short day plants usuall red light because ‘A. the light period is shorter than the critical length in the 24 hour cycle. B. red light inhibits the release of the chemical which initiates flowering. C. the light period is longer than the critical length D. the dark period is longer than the critical length, ly delay to flower when the nights are interrupted with Table 1 shows the results obtained in the capture-recapture method of estimating the population of grasshoppers in an ecosystem. Table 1 marked and released | marked captured on | un marked captured on day 1 day 3 on day 3 180 30 120 What was the estimated population size? A. 900. Bat 30! CLF 330) D. 270. in i -linked trait in a family. i 2 shows the inheritance of a recessive sex-lin ete indicate females while the shadding indicates the occurrence of the defect. a8 ; a Fig. 2 It can be concluded that indivi 1 and 2 were carriers. i = a aaa member had at least one recessive allele. a individuals 1, 3 and 4 were carriers. D.__ individuals 2 and 6 had no recessive allele. a Turn Over cil10. cs 12. 13. 14, The pitch of sound is determined by the er of receptor cells stimulated. tor cells stimulated. f receptor cells stim Is. A. numb B. _ position of recep Cc. threshold value of D. summation in the receptor cel wth curve of rats in a cage. lated. Figure 3 shows the population gro vam U, é 3 5 Z 1, s Time Fig. 3 In which region of the growth curve is the struggle for existence highest? A. ST eI) Cc. UV Dp The spore of a fern species has yy number of chromosomes. What is the number of chromosomes in its leaf? 2 iW ey By Com2y D. ay Which of the following features of sclerenchyma ti ; contribute towards toughness and rigidity ibm? sara A. Very long fibres. B. _ Unevenly thickened walls. C. Uniformly thick lignified walls. D. _ Presence of plasmodesmata. vit of the following hormones stimulates seed germination? A. auxins and ethene. B. cytokinins and auxins. C. gibberellins and cytokinins, 7 D. gibberellins and ethene.19. 20. The tidal volume of, an athlete whose number of breaths per minute is 100 and ventilation rate of 250 dm? per minute is A. 25,000 dm} B. 25 dm}, C25 dm, D. 0.4dm, Which one of the follo wing sub stages of photosynthesis is unlikely to be slowed down by decre ase in temperature? Photolysis of water, Fixing of carbon dioxide by RuBP. Regeneration of RUBP. Conversion of PGAL to glucose. oom The following are advantages of excreting uric acid by flying organisms except A. itis insoluble in water and non-toxic, B. it requires very little water for its removal. C. _ itrequires less energy for its formation. Dz its storage does not have osmoregulatory effect. The behaviour in which a snail ceases to withdraw its tentacles in resy sponse to repeated mechanical stimulation is A. associative leaming. B. exploratory learning. C. imprinting, D. _ habituation. Which of the organisms in table 2 require the most specialised respiratory system? Table 2 Organism A |B Surface area (cm?) 1 6 2 8 Volume (cm?) 0.5 = 0.5 3 Sprinters usually take off at an angle rather than upright position in order to increase effective length of the limb. the speed of movement. the forward force. the upward force. pomp 5 Turn Over21, 22. 23. 24, 25. 26. Which one of the following cells at gues contain living ce Jant tiss¥es pairs of p maturity? ‘A. Cork and xylem tissue B. _ Parenchyma and phloem tissue. CC. Sclerenchyma and collenchyma. = D. _ Sclerenchyma and phloem tissue. Which one of the following statements explains why DDT increases in binds during food shortage? DDT A. dissolves in water and then diffuses into blood. — B. increases the insulation capacity of the birds. C. _ metabolises to release metabolic water D. _ is released when fat is metabolised. Which one of the following shows the correct coding sequence durin, synthesis of polypeptide chain? 9Om> Which one of the following is correct about the life cycle of mosses? 2 3 com> g the DNA — mRNA — tRNA — rRNA. DNA mRNA — rRNA — tRNA. tRNA — DNA > tRNA — mRNA. RNA — tRNA — mRNA ~ rRNA. diploid sporophyte produces spores by mitosis. haploid sporophyte produces spores by meiosis. haploid gametophyte produces gametes by mitosis. diploid gametophyte produces gametes by meiosis. Which of the following events take place during metaphase II of meiosis? A. B. C D. Hydrogencarbonates are actively reabsorbed into t they 9aOR> Crossing over of the genetic materials occurs. Homologous chromosomes align on the equator of spindle as tetrads. Homologous chromosomes align singly on the equator of the spindle. Chromatids migrate to opposite poles. the haemocoel because combine with potassium ions. lower the osmotic pressure of the malpighi increase the pH and lower the cee ora ation of uric aci cause further reabsorption of water rough te rosa ici 6ey 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. Which of the foi onthe heart? D8 iS not affected by the stimulation of the vagus nerve Force of ventricular contraction, Atrio-ventricular node, Sino-atrial node, ie Fount of phosphoglyceric acid increases after a photosynthesisit ing, lant has been in darkness for a short time because Rate of heart beat ribulose biphosphate becomes more unstable. the concentration of RuBP carboxylase reduces, com> all the formed triose phosphate converts back to phosphoglycerie ac Ovulation in human menstrual eycle occurs following an increase in A. progesterone hormone only. B. _luteinising hormone only. C. _ both oestrogen hormone and follicle stimulating hormones. D. both luteinising and gonadotrophin releasing hormones. _‘—— Which one of the following occurs during the recovery phase in an axon? Active pumping of ‘Na’ ions into the axon. the available ATP and NADPH are not sufficient, sid. K" ions out of the axon. ‘Na’ ions out of the axon. SOpP> organic ions into the axon. Which one of the following fins may perform the same function as a swim bladder of a teleost fish? A. _ Vertical dorsal fins. Pectoral fins. B. C. — Caudal fins. D. _ Ventral fins. In which of the following parts does spermatogenesis take place? in A. — Vas efferens. B. Seminiferous tubules. C. Vas deferens. D. _ Epididymis. 7 ‘Turn Over |33. 34. 35. 36. 37. ict about the metabolic rate? s corre statements 18 corn to maintain each gram Which one of the following ‘A. Small animals require the af ofbody mass as large animals: ain each gral 0 B. Large animals require .e same enerBy less energy © ‘body mass than small ani ey prop ortional to the body mass C. The overall metabolic rate is ! of an animal. D. The overall relation animals is constant. nip between metabolic rate and the body aaasai ship ‘ wer surface of the Daring flight in birds, the air pressure is greater on the 2 wings in order to keep the bird soaring. make the bird less dense than air. enable the bird overcome resistance. Sopp generate lift and move forward. The movement of photosynthetic products into phloem from the companion cells occurs by A. active transport across cell membrane. B. mass flows through plasmodesmata C. diffusion along apoplast and symplast routes. D. diffusion through the plasmodesmata. The sodium ion concentration is higher in the dé lescending li i ascending limb of the loop of Henle due to Se ee active pumping of sodium ions out of the ascending Ij increased permeability of ascending lim cen ene im pomp Pet : g limb to water, descending limb being impermeable to sodium ion ; z sodium ist renal fluid inthe descending limb lying in the medi eee a ceatiations medulla with high ion The catalytic action of enzymes is attributed to A. their specificity to respond to B, faster disintegration of substrate. eae anes — C. ability to properly fit the substrate a he eng D. ability to reduce activation energy erase strate, i38. 39. 40. 41. \ ; ; Which feel the following would occur in guard cells when a potted plant is ™@ Well lit oom to a totally dark place? s Potassium ‘ons are pumped into guard cells. iam) Cpt Walls of guard cells bulge inwards, D. Walt Potential of guard cells increases. hs ater potential of guard cells becomes less negative. Which one of the follo wing factors can determine the existence of recessive fenerations of a small population? Natural selection, Mutation, Chance. Random mating. alleles in successive g pomp Which one of the following factors is responsible for the faster rate of Secondary succession than primary succession? Presence of soil. Availability of water. Optimum temperature. Suitable light intensity, vow> SECTION B (60 MARKS) Write answers in the spaces provided. (a) What is gene linkage? (02 marks) (b) How does codominance influence monohybrid phenotype expression : 4 (i) Fy generation? (01 mark)(02 marks) F, generation? Gi) (©) Explain the effect of gene linkage on F dihybrid phenotypes. (05 marks) 42. (a) State the difference bet ‘tween short day plants and lon; 1g day plants. (02 marks)43. (b) With Teference to lon, @ 1g day plants, explain how flowering is controtied (03 marks) , aa the effect of lashing red light in along night. (02 marks) (©) With reference to flowering, plants. (03 marks) Table 3 shows the percentage composition of blood plasma and urine in 2/100 cm: of fluid for a selection of substances. Study the table and answer questions that follow. Table 3 [____ Percentage composition of Substance Blood plasma Urine Water 90 96 Plasma proteins “ ‘ Clucse 0.03 2 ne 0.37 0.6 ra aes [omonssaaea a Turn Over alin the composition of urine (@ Explain any four significant differences (04 marks) and that of blood plasma. Giese SepieaaR Tr the expected change inthe composition of urine (i) during strenuous exercise. (02 marks) Gj after ahigh protein meal. ee" (02 marks) Explain how the epithelial cells of the sees _ Se ae re eee ar eae ie = marl 1244. Figure 4 shoy stoma with nessa! Of gastric juice secretion in a mammalian ans 8 time after ingesti “| answer the questions tay nga ingestion of food. Study the Figure an ‘Nervous control Gastric juice secret (arbitrary units ) 4 Time in hours Fig. 4 (2) Comment on the effects of nervous control on the secretion of gastric juice. (03 marks) State the differences in the effect of nervous and hormonal ey? control of gastric juice secretion. (03 marks)04 anower in (b)G) Ona (ii) Give reason(s) for your 45. (a) _ State the difference between photosynthetic bacteria and chemosynthetic bacteria. (02 marks) (6) How is photosynthetic bacteria adapted to carrying out ‘photosynthesis? (04 marks) (©) Using an example, explain the ¢; k in an ecosystem. "nificance of chemosynthetic bacteria (04 marks)46. @ ly protec natural immunity? ted from pathogen reinvasion through acti (02 marks) (b) Describe how the following protect the human body from the entry of pathogens. @ Ear. (01 mark) mark) (©) Whats the role of the lymph nodes in the prevention of diseases in animals? (02 marks)State four roles played by the body’s immune system. @