P525/2

CHEMISTRY
Paper 2
June/July 2022
2½ hours.

Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education

CHEMISTRY

(Principal Subject)

Paper 2
2 hours 30 minutes.

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES:

 Answer FIVE questions including three questions from section A and any two
from section B.
 Write answers in the answer booklet provided
 Begin each question on a fresh page.
 Mathematical tables and graph papers are provided.
 Non-programmable scientific electronic calculators may be used.
 Use equations where necessary to illustrate your answers
 Where necessary use (C = 12, Br = 80.0. H = 1)

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 SECTION A
Attempt any three questions from this section
1. (a) What is meant by the term enthalpy of combustion? (1½ marks)

(b) (i) With the aid of a diagram, describe an experiment to determine

the enthalpy of combustion of a methanol. (06 marks)

(ii) The standard enthalpies of combustion of rhombic and

monoclinic sulphur are – 296.9Kjmol-1 and –297.2Kjmol-1
respectively. Calculate the standard enthalpy change for
conversion of monoclinic sulphur to rhombic sulphur.
(2½ marks)

(c) Draw the energy diagram for the formation of Calcium Chloride from
the following data and use it to calculate the election affinity of
Chlorine.
Ca( s )  Ca( g ) H   190 KJmol 1

Ca( g )  Ca2  2e H   1730 KJmol 1

1 Cl2( g )  Cl( g ) H   121KJmol 1

2

Ca2  2Cl   CaCl2( s ) H   2184 KJmol 1

Ca( s )  Cl2( g )  CaCl2( s ) H   795KJmol 1 (05 marks)

(d) Given the following data

Cation Mg2+ Ca2+ Sr2+ Ba2+
Enthalpy of hydration (Kjmol-1) -1920 -1650 -1480 -1360
Lattice energy of hydroxide (Kjmol-1) -2843 -2554 -2354 -2228
Determine the enthalpy of solution for the hydroxide of each cation in
Kjmol-1 and explain the trend in solubility of group II elements. (05 marks)

(d) Comment on the answers you have obtained in b(ii) and c(iv).
(02marks)

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2. (a) of an organic compound on complete combustion yielded
of carbon dioxide and of water. of when
dissolved in of water produced a depression of in the
freezing point of water.
(i) Calculate the empirical formula of . (04 marks)
(ii) Determine the molecular formula of for for
of water) . (4½ marks)
(iii) Write the structural formulae of all the possible isomers of .
(1½ marks)
(b) had no effect on silver nitrate solution in aqueous ammonia but
formed a yellow precipitate with sodium hydroxide and iodine
solution.
(i) Identify .
(ii) Write equation and outline a mechanism for the reaction
between and 2, 4 – di nitro phenyl hydrazine in acidic
medium. (05 marks)
(c) Write equations to show how can be converted into propanoic acid.
Indicate reagents and conditions for the reaction. (05 marks)

3. (a) Explain the principles of solvent extraction. (05 marks)

(b) During an experiment, ammonia was partitioned between aqueous
0.025M copper (II) sulphate solution and trichloromethane . The
concentrations of ammonia in the aqueous and trichloromethane
layers were 0.075M and 0.021M respectively. The partition
coefficient for ammonia between the aqueous and trichloro methane
mixture is 23.
(i) Determine the molar concentration of free ammonia in aqueous
solution at equilibrium. (03marks)
(ii) State three assumptions made. (1½marks)
(iii) Determine the formula of complex of copper (II) ions in the
aqueous solution. (2½marks)
(iv) Write equation leading to formation of complex ion between
copper (II) ions and ammonia. (01mark)
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(c) A solution containing 12g of X in 60 cm of water was extracted with
30 cm3 of ether. If the distribution constant for X between water and
ether is 0.2; calculate:
(i) Mass of X extracted in ether. (03 marks)
(ii) Total mass of X extracted if the solution of X above was
extracted successively twice with 15cm3 of ether instead.
(04 marks)
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4. The atomic numbers and melting points of the oxides of period 3 elements
are shown in the Table below.
Element Na Mg Al Si P S Cl
Atomic 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
number
Oxide Na2O MgO Al2O3 SiO2 P2O5 SO3 Cl2O7
Melting 1275 2827 2007 1607 560 30 -91
point oC
(a) (i) Plot a graph of melting points of oxides against atomic number
of elements. (04 marks)
(ii) Explain the shape of the graph. (6½ marks)
(b) Write equation to show the reaction between,
i) Water and P2O5 (1½ marks)
ii) Sodium hydroxide and
Al2O3 (2½marks)
SiO2 (2½ marks)
SO3 (1½ marks)
iii) Hydrochloric acid and Al2O3 (1½marks)

5. Write equations to show how the following compounds can be synthesized.

Indicate the reagents and conditions.
(a)
NHCH3 from benzene (04marks)

(b) CH3CH2NH2 from 1-bromopropane (04marks)

(c) CH3CH2 SO3Na from benzene (04marks)

(d) (CH3)2C = N- NH from propanoic acid (04marks)

(e) Phenylmethanal from Aminobenzene. (04marks)

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6. (a) Define the following terms
(i) Eutectic point (01mark)
(ii) Eutectic mixure. (01mark)
(b) The table below shows the melting points and compositions of
various mixtures of bismuth and cadmium.
Percentage of 20 35 50 65 80 95
cadmium(%)
Melting point (oC) 226 190 156 184 242 300
Draw a well labelled phase diagram for cadmium –bismuth system.
Use your graph to (05marks)
(i) Determine the melting points of pure cadmium and pure
bismuth. (01marks)
(ii) Determine the composition and melting point of the eutectic
mixture. (01marks)
(iii) Describe what happens when a liquid mixture containing 10%
of cadmium at 350oC is gradually cooled. (04marks)
(iv) Determine the mass of bismuth that crystallized when 200g of
the mixture containing 25% cadmium was cooled from 300oC
to 168oC. (04marks)
(c) State two similarities and two differences between a eutectic mixture
and a pure compound. (03marks)
7. (a) Write;-
(i) The electronic configuration of Manganese atom. (Atomic number
25) (01 mark)
(ii) The possible oxidation states of Manganese. (2½ marks)
(b) (i) Write the half equation for the reduction of potassium
permanganate in acidic medium. (1½ marks)
(ii) State the change in the oxidation state of Manganese in the
reaction in (b)(i) above. (01 mark)
(c) State three advantages of using Potassium permanganate in
volumetric analysis. (03 marks)
(d) Briefly explain why hydrochloric acid and nitric acid are not used for
acidifying potassium permanganate solution during volumetric
analysis. (03 marks)
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 (e) Explain what would be observed if aqueous sodium hydroxide
solution was added dropwise till in excess to a solution containing
manganese (II) ions. (06 marks)
(f) Name one reagent apart from aqueous ammonia and sodium
hydroxide solution that can be used to distinguish Manganese (II)
ions, Mn2+ from Nickel (II) ions, Ni2+. State what would be observed
when each of them is separately treated with the reagent you have
named. (02 marks)

8. (a) Explain what is meant by the term solubility product. (02marks)

(b) Silver oxalate, Ag2C2O4 is a sparingly soluble salt. Write equation for
the solubility of silver oxalate in water. (01mark)
(c) Describe an experiment that can be used to determine the solubility
product of silver oxalate. (05marks)
(d) The solubility of silver oxalate at 25oC is 3.34x10- 2gdm-3. Determine
the solubility product of silver oxalate at 25oC. (04marks)
(e) Calculate the solubility of silver oxalate in one litre of a solution
containing 3.04g of silver nitrate. (03marks)
(f) State what:
(i) Would happen to the solubility of silver oxalate when a few
drops of sodium chloride solution is added. (02marks)
(ii) Will be observed and write equation(s) for the reaction(s)that
occur(s) when aqueous ammonia is added drop wise until in
excess to aqueous solution of silver nitrate. (03marks)

END