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525/2
S6 CHEMISTRY
Exam 17
PAPER 2

DURATION: 2 HOUR 30 MINUTES

For Marking guide contact and consultations: Dr. Bbosa Science 0776 802709.

Instructions to candidates:
- The paper consists of two sections A and B
- All questions in section A are COMPULSORY
- Attempt any two questions in section B
(Answer five questions in all)

SECTION A:

1. Write equations indicating conditions to show how the following compounds can be synthesized.
(a) O
II
C – Cl from Ethyne (3 ½ marks)

(b) CH3CH2CHCH3 from but – 2 – ene. (2 marks)

I
NHCH3

(c) CH3 C CH3 from Ethene (4 ½ marks)

II
O

(d) CO2CH3 from benzene (5 marks)

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(e) Aminomethane from ethene (5 marks)

2. (a) Explain what is meant by the term transition element. (illustrate your answer with copper)
(b) Explain what is meant by disproportionation. (2 marks)
(c) Given the following thermo-chemical data
Cu+(aq) + e – C u(s) . ΔH = – 602 kJmol – 1
2+ –
Cu (aq) + 2e Cu(s) ΔH = –795 kJmol – 1
(i) Draw a Born-Harber cycle for the disproportionation reaction.
2Cu+ (aq) Cu(s) + Cu2+ (aq)
Use the cycle to calculate the enthalpy change for this reaction (4 marks)

(ii) Using your answer and the data above, state the most stable oxidation state of copper.
Explain your answer (3 marks)

(d) Describe an experiment to determine the percentage of copper in given copper (II) salt.
(Assume the salt is soluble in water) (6 marks)

(e) State any two uses of copper. (2 marks)

3. (a) Explain what is meant by Bond energy (2 marks)

(b) The bond energies for the diatomic molecules of group VII are given in the table below.

Bond F–F Cl – Cl Br – Br I–I

Bond Energy (kJmol – 1 ) 158 242 193 151

Explain the trend in the bond energies. (4 marks)

(c) Fluorine is the strongest oxidizing agent among the halogens (group VII) elements). State three
energy factors that account for the high oxidizing strength of fluorine relative to the rest of the
elements.

(d) Describe the reaction of F2, Cl2, Br2 and I2 with sodium hydroxide. (8 marks)

(e) State one reagent that can be used to distinguish Cl–, Br – and I– in aqueous solution.
(3 marks)

SECTION B
Attempt any two questions from this section.

4. (a) Define the term solubility (1 mark)

(b) Describe a simple experiment to determine the solubility of calcium hydroxide
(5 marks)
(c) A saturated solution of calcium hydroxide contains 0.265 g per litre.
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(i) Write the solubility product expression for calcium hydroxide. (1 mark)
(ii) Calculate the solubility product for calcium hydroxide and indicate its units.
(4 marks)

(d) The solubility product of lead(II) chloride is 7.21 x 10 –6 mol3 dm – 9

Determine the solubility of lead (II) chloride in
(i) Pure water (2 marks)
(ii) 0.05M sodium chloride solution (3 marks)

(e) Briefly explain what would happen to the solubility of lead (II) chloride when silver
nitrate solution is added to the lead (II) chloride solution. (4 marks)

5. (a) When sodiumethanoate is dissolved in water containing phenolphthalein indicator, the solution
appears purple. Explain this observation. (5 marks)

(b) Briefly explain how a basic buffer works. (5 marks)

(c) 100cm3 of 0.1M sodiumhydroxixe solution was added to 100cm3 of 0.2M ethanoic acid.
Determine the pH of the resultant solution. (Ka of ethanoic acid is 1.75 x 10 – 5 Moldm – 3)
(3 marks)

(d) 0.1M sodium hydroxide solution was added to 20cm3 of 0.1M ethanoic acid in portions.
(i) Sketch a graph to show the change in pH (2 marks)
(ii) Explain the shape of the graph. (5 marks)

6. (a) An organic compound A, vapour density 58 contains 62.07% carbon, 10.34% hydrogen and the
rest oxygen. A does not burn with a sooty flame.
(i) Calculate the empirical formula of A (3 marks)
(C = 12, H = 1 and O = 16)

(ii) Determine the molecular formula of A (2 marks)

(b) Hydrolysis of A yielded compounds, B C4H10O and T, C2H4O2.

Both B and T react with metallic sodium. T reacted with sodium carbonate but B did
not
(i) identify T (1 mark)
(ii) write the names and structural formulae of all the possible isomers of B.
(4 marks)
(iii) Name a reagent that can be used to distinguish between the isomers in b(ii) and state
what would be observed if the reagent is reacted separately with each of the isomers
(4 marks)

(c) When B was warmed with acidified potassium dichromate solution there was no observable
change.
(i) identify B
(ii) write the structural formula of B (1 mark)

(d) (i) Write equation and outline a mechanism for the reaction between B and concentrated
phosphoric acid. (3 ½ marks)
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(ii) Write the IUPAC name of the product in d(i)