CHAPTER 1 (SOLUTIONS)

1. (a)2 g of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) dissolved in 25 g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point
equal to 1.62 K. Molal depression constant for benzene is 4.9 K kg mol –1. What is the percentage
association of acid if it forms dimer in solution?
(b)Determine the amount of CaCl2 (i=2.47) dissolved in 2.5 litre of water such that its osmotic
pressure is 0.75 atm at 27°C. R 0.0831 Lbar mol–1K–1
(c) A 10% solution (by mass) of sucrose in water has a freezing point of 269·15 K. Calculate
the freezing point of 10% glucose in water if the freezing point of pure water is 273·15 K
(d)The vapour pressure of pure liquids A and B are 450 and 700 mm Hg respectively, at 350
K. Find out the composition of the liquid mixture if total vapour pressure is 600 mm Hg. Also
find the composition of the vapour phase.
2. Why do gases always tend to be less soluble in liquids as the temperature is raised?
3. (a)Define Ideal and non ideal solutions and write examples also.
(b)What is meant by positive and negative deviations from Raoult's law and how is the sign of
ΔsolH related to positive and negative deviations from Raoult's law?
4. State Henry’s law and mention some important applications?
5. Define the following terms:
Mole, Molality fraction, Molarity, Mass percentage, Abnormal molar mass, Van’t Hoff factor, Colligative
properties, Molal elevation constant, Molal depression constant, Azeotrope, osmotic pressure

CHAPTER -2 (ELECTROCHEMISTRY)
1.Calculate the degree of dissociation (α) of acetic acid if its molar conductivity (Λ m) is 39.05
Scm2mol–1. Given λ°(H+) = 349.6 S cm2 mol–1 and λ°(CH3COO–) = 40.9 S cm2mol–1
2. (a) Calculate the mass of Ag deposited at cathode when a current of 2 amperes was passed through a
solution of AgNO3 for 15 minutes.
(Given : Molar mass of Ag = 108 g mol–1 1F = 96500 C mol–1)

(b) Define fuel cell.

3. (a)Calculate e.m.f of the following cell at 298K:
𝟐𝑪𝒓(𝒔) + 𝟑𝑭𝒆𝟐+(𝟎.𝟏𝑴) ⟶ 𝟐𝑪𝒓𝟑+(𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝑴) + 𝟑𝑭𝒆(𝒔)

Given : 𝑬𝟎(𝑪𝒓𝟑+|𝑪𝒓) = −𝟎. 𝟕𝟒𝑽 𝑬𝟎(𝑭𝒆𝟐+|𝑭𝒆) = −𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝑽

(b) i) Which cell is used in hearing aids?
(ii) Which cell was used in Apollo space programme?
(iii) Which cell is used in automobiles and inverters?

(iv) Which cell does not have long life?

4.(a)Calculate ΔrG° and emf that can be obtained from the following under the standard conditions at
25 oC: Zn(s)ǀZn2+(aq) ǁ Sn2+(aq)ǀ Sn(s)
Given: Eo(Zn2+/Zn) = -0.76 V, Eo(Sn2+/Sn) = -0.14V and F = 96500 C mol-1
(b) The conductivity of 0.20 M solution of KCl at 298 K is 0.025 S cm-1. Calculate its molar
conductivity
5. Define the following terms:
(i) Molar conductivity (Λm)
(ii) Secondary batteries
(ii) Faraday’s law of electrolysis

(iv)Kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions

(v)Limiting molar conductivity

CHAPTER-3 (CHEMICAL KINETICS)

1.(a) For a reaction A + B ⟶ P, the rate is given by rate = k[𝐀][𝐁]𝟐
(i) How is the rate of reaction affected in the concentration of B is doubled?
(ii) What is the overall order of reaction if A is present in large excess?
(b) A first order reaction takes 30 minutes for 50% completion. Calculate the time required for 90%
completion of the reaction.
2. For a chemical reaction R⟶P, the variation in the concentration (R) vs. Time(t) plot is given as

(i) Predict the order of the reaction.

(ii) What is the slope of the curve?
3. Write two differences between ‘order of reaction’ and ‘molecularity of reaction’.
4.The following data were obtained for the reaction :
2 NO + O2 2 NO2
Experiment [NO] / M [O2] / M Initial rate of formation
of NO2 / M min–1
1 0.3 0.2 7.2×10−2
2 0.1 0.1 6.0×10−3
3 0.3 0.4 2.88×10−1
4 0.4 0.1 2.40×10−2
(a) Find the order of reaction with respect to NO and O2.
(b) Write the rate law and overall order of reaction.
(c) Calculate the rate constant (k).
5. The rate of a reaction becomes four times when the temperature changes from 293 K to 313 K.
Calculate the energy of activation (𝑬𝒂)of the reaction assuming that it does not changes with
temperature. [𝑹 = 𝟖. 𝟑𝟏𝟒 𝑱𝑲−𝟏𝒎𝒐𝒍−𝟏, 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝟐𝟏].
 (b) (i) Many of the transition elements are known to form interstitial compounds.
(ii) The metallic radii of the third (5d) series of transition metal are virtually the same as those of
the corresponding group members of the second (4d) series.
CHAPTER-4 (d&f block)
1.Account for the following :
(i) Transition metals show variable oxidation states.
(ii) Zn, Cd and Hg are soft metals.
(iii) E° value for the Mn3+/Mn2+ couple is highly positive (+ 1·57 V) as compared to Cr3+/Cr2+.
(iv) Write one similarity and one difference between the chemistry of lanthanoid and actinoid
elements.
(v) How is the variability in oxidation states of transition metals different from that of the p-block
elements?
(vi) Out of Cu+ and Cu2+, which ion is unstable in aqueous solution and why?
(vii) Orange colour of Cr2O72– ion changes to yellow when treated with an alkali. Why?
(viii) Chemistry of actinoids is complicated as compared to lanthanoids. Give two reasons.
2. Account for the following:
(i) Mn shows the highest oxidation state of + 7 with oxygen but with fluorine it show the highest
oxidation state of + 4.
(ii) Cr2+ is a strong reducing agent.
(iii) Cu𝟐+salt are colored while Zn2+ salts are white.
(b) Complete the following equations:
(i) 𝟐𝑴𝒏𝑶𝟒− + 𝟔𝑯+ + 𝟓𝑵𝑶𝟐− ⟶
(ii) Cr2O72− + 𝟏𝟒𝐇+ + 𝟔𝐈− ⟶
(iii) 𝟖𝑴𝒏𝑶𝟒− + 𝟑𝑺𝟐𝑶𝟑𝟐− + 𝑯𝟐𝑶 ⟶
(iv) Cr2O72− + 𝟑𝑺𝒏𝟐+𝟏𝟒𝑯+ ⟶
(v) Cr2O72− + 𝟐𝑶𝑯− ⟶
(vi) 𝑴𝒏𝑶𝟒− + 𝟒𝑯+ + 𝟑𝒆− ⟶

3.(i) With reference to structural variability and chemical reactivity, write the differences between
lanthanoides and actinoids.
(ii) Name a member of the lanthanoid series which is well known to exhibit +4 oxidation state.
(iii)Out of 𝑴𝒏𝟑+ and 𝑪𝒓𝟑+, which is more paramagnetic and why? (Atomic nos.: Mn =25, Cr =24)
4.a) How to you prepare:
(i) 𝑲𝟐𝑴𝒏𝑶𝟒𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑴𝒏𝑶𝟐?
(ii) 𝑵𝒂𝟐𝑪𝒓𝟐𝑶𝟕 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑵𝒂𝟐𝑪𝒓𝑶𝟒?
(b) Account for the following:
(i) 𝑴𝒏𝟐+ is more stable than 𝑭𝒆𝟐+ towards oxidation to + 3 state.
(ii) The enthalpy of atomization is lowest for Zn in 3d series of the transition elements.
(i) Actinoid elements show wide range of oxidation states.
5.(a)What is meant by ‘lanthanoids contraction’?
(ii) Lanthanoids from primarily +3 ions, while the actinoids usually have higher oxidation states in
their compounds, +4 or even +6 being typical

CHAPTER-5 (COORDINATION COMPOUNDS)

1.Using IUPAC norms write the formulae for the following :
(a) Sodium dicyanidoaurate(I)
(b) Tetraamminechloridonitrito-N-platinum(IV) sulphate
(C) Tris(ethane-1,2-diamine)chromium(III) chloride
(D) Potassium tetrahydroxozincate(II)
(E) Potassium trioxalatoaluminate(III)
When a coordination compound 𝐂𝐨𝐂𝐥𝟑. 𝟔𝐍𝐇𝟑 is mixed with 𝐀𝐠𝐍𝐎𝟑, 3 moles of AgCl are precipitated
per mole of the compound. Write
(i) Structural formula of the complex
(F) Dichloridobis(ethane-1,2-diamine)cobalt(III)
2. (i) What type of isomerism is shown by the complex [Co(NH3)6] [Cr(CN)6] ?
(ii) Why a solution of [Ni(H2O)6]2+ is green while a solution of [Ni(CN)4]2– is colourless ? (At. no. of
Ni = 28)
(iii) Write the IUPAC name of the following complex: [Co(NH3)5(CO3)]Cl.
3.(a) Define crystal field splitting energy. On the basis of crystal field theory, write the electronic
configuration for d4 ion if Δo< P.
(b) [Ni(CN)4]2– is colourless whereas [Ni(H2O)6]2+ is green. Why? (At. no. of Ni = 28)
(ii) IUPAC name of the complex.
4.Explain the following terms giving a suitable example in each case:
(i) Ambident ligand
(ii) Denticity of a ligand
(iii) Crystal field splitting in an octahedral field.
5. Name the following coordination compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature:
(i) [Co(𝐍𝐇𝟑)(𝐇𝟐𝐎)𝐂𝐥]𝐂𝐥𝟐
(ii) [CrCl2(𝐞𝐧)2]𝐂𝐥, (𝐞𝐧 = 𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐞 − 𝟏, 𝟐 − 𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐞)
a) What is meant by unidentate, bidentate and ambidentate ligands? Give two examples for each.
(b) Calculate the overall complex dissociation equilibrium constant for the [Cu(𝑵𝑯𝟑)4]2+ ion, given
that 𝜷𝟒 for this complex is 𝟐. 𝟏×𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟑.

QUESTION BANK
CLASS – XII
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHAPTER – 6 HALOALKANE AND HALOARENES

Q.1 Give the mechanism of the following reactions?

i) sec-butyl/heptyl chloride + aq. KOH --> ? ( Both by SN1 and SN2 mechanism)
ii) Arrange the following in increasing order of reactivity towards SN1 & SN2 mechanism.
a) (CH3)3Cl, (CH3)2CHCl, CH3Cl.
b) RI and RCl.
c) C6H5CH2Cl, (C6H5)2CHCl, (C6H5)3CCl, (C6H5)CH(Cl)CH3.
Q.2 Explain the followings Name Reactions.
i) Finkelstein ii) Swarts iii) Sandmeyers iv) Wurtz
v) Wurtz-Fitting vi) Fittig
Q.3 Give Reasons:
i) Alkyl Halides although polar but immiscible in water.
ii) Grignards Reagent should be prepared in anhydrous conditions.
 iii) Identify all the possible monochloro structural isomers formed by free radical
monochlorination of (CH3)2CHCH2CH3, (CH3)3CCl.
iv) Sulphuric acid is not used during the reaction of alcohols with KI.
v) Haloalkanes react with KCN to form alkyl cyanides as main product while AgCN forms
isocyanides as the chief product.
vi) The dipole moment of chlorobenzene is lower than cyclohexyl chloride.
vii) The treatment of alkyl chlorides with aq KOH leads to the formation of alcohols but in the
presence of alcoholic KOH , alkenes are major products.
viii) Haloarenes are less reactive toward nucleophilic substitution reaction than RX.
ix) Chloroform should be stored in dark brown coloured bottles.
Q.4 How will you bring out the following conversions.
i) 1-bromopropane to 2-bromopropane ii) 2-bromopropane to 1-bromopropane
iii) Chloroethane to butane iv) 2-chlorobutane to 3,4-dimethyl hexane
v) but-1-ene to 1-Iodobutane vi) Toluene to Benzyl Alcohol
vii) Benzene to 2-phenylethanoic Acid viii) tert-butyl bromide to isobutyl bromide
ix) chlorobenzene to p-nitrophenol x) aniline to chlorobenzene
Q.5 Primary alkyl halide C4H9Br (a) reacted with alcoholic KOH to give compound (b). Compound
(b) is reacted with HBr to give (c) which is an isomer of (a). When (a) is reacted with sodium
metal it gives compound (d), C8H18 which is different from the compound formed when n-butyl
bromide is reacted with sodium,. Give the structural formula of (a) and write the equations for
all the reactions.
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QUESTION BANK
CLASS – XII
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHAPTER – 7 AlCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS

Q.1 Give the mechanism of the following reactions?

i) hydration of propene in presence of conc Sulphuric Acid
ii) dehydration of butan-2-ol in presence of conc. Sulphuric acid.
iii) Formation of ether from alcohol at 413 K
Q.2 Give reason for the followings.
i) ortho nitro phenol is steam volatile.
ii) Arrange them in increasing order of their boiling points.
Acetone, propane, methyl ethyl ether, propanol, propanaldehyde.
iii) Preparation of ether by acid dehydration of secondary or tertiary alcohols is not a
suitable method.
iv) Illustrate with examples the limitations of Williamson synthesis for the preparation of
certain types of ethers.
v) o-cresol is less acidic than o-nitrophenol.
vi) Arrange in increasing order of acidity
o-nitrophenol, phenol, o-cresol, p-nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, 2,4-dimethylpheol,
picric acid.
vii) Phenols are more acidic as compare to alcohols.
 viii) Alcohols are weak acids.
ix) Phenols are less soluble in water as compare to alcohols.
Q.3 Explain the given reactions.
i) Kolbe’s Reaction ii) Reimer Tieman Reaction iii) Williamsons’ Synthesis
Q.4 Complete the following reactions.
i) CH3OC2H5 + HI 
ii) (CH3)3OCH3 + HI 
iii) CH3COCH2COOC2H5 -----------
Q.5 How will you bring out the following conversions.
i) Propene to propan-2-ol ii) methanal to ethyl alcohol
iii) ethanal to propan-2-ol iv) Propanone to 2-methylpropan-2-ol
v) Cumene to Phenol.

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QUESTION BANK
CLASS – XII
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHAPTER – 8 Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids

Q.1 Explain the following name reactions

i) Cannizaro ii) Etards iii) Rosenmunds’ iv) Aldol condenstation
v) Stephen reduction vi) HVZ reaction vii) Fehling reagent viii) Clemmensons’
reduction ix) Wolff kishner reduction
Q.2 Distinguish between following pairs of compounds;
i) Acetaldehyde and acetone ii) Acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde iii) Ethanoic acid and
Ethanoyl chloride iv) Phenol and benzoic acid v) acetophenone and benzophenone
vi) pentan-2-one and pentan-3-one vii) formic acid and acetic acid viii) ethanal and
propanal
Q.3 Give reason :
i) although semicarbazide has 2 -NH2 group yet only one take part in nucleophilic addition
Rxn.
ii) Cyanohydrin can be formed easily with cyclohexanone but with difficulty with 2,2,6-
trimethyl cyclohexaone.
iii) Carboxylic acids are stronger acids than phenols.
iv) During esterification reaction removal of water is must.
v) ketones are less reactive than aldehydes of same molecular masses.
Q.4 How will you bring out the following conversions.
i) propanone to propene ii) Benzoic acid to benzaldehyde
iii) Ethanol to 3-hydroxybutanal iv) Benzaldehyde to benzophenone.
iv) Acetone to propane
Q.5 word problems.
i) Primary alkyl halide C4H9Br (a) reacted with alcoholic KOH to give compound (b).
Compound (b) is reacted with HBr to give (c) which is an isomer of (a). When (a) is reacted
with sodium metal it gives compound (d), C8H18 which is different from the compound formed
when n-butyl bromide is reacted with sodium,. Give the structural formula of (a) and write the
equations for all the reactions. (NCERT)

ii) An organic compound A with molecular formula C8H8O forms an orange-red precipitate
with 2,4-DNP reagent and gives yellow precipitate on heating with iodine in the presence of
 sodium hydroxide, It neither reduces tollen’s reagent or Fehling solution, nor does it
decolourise bromine water or Baeyer’s reagent. On drastic oxidation with chromic acid , it
gives a carboxylic acid (B) having molecular formula C7H6O2. Identify the compound (A) and
(B) and explain the reaction involved.

iii) An organic compound (A) with molecular formula C9H10O forms 2,4-DNP derivative,
reduces tollen’s reagent and undergoes cannizaro reaction. On vigorous oxidation it gives
1,benzenedicarboxylic acid. Identify the compound.

iv) An organic compound (A) with molecular formula C8H16O2 was hydrolysed with dilute
sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid (B) and an alcohol (C). Oxidation of (C) with chromic
acid produced (B). (C) on dehydration gives but-1-ene. Write equations for all reaction
involved.

QUESTION BANK
CLASS – XII
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHAPTER – 9 Amines

Q.1 How will you distinguish between

i) Methyl amine and dimethyl amine ii) methyl amine and aniline
iii) Dimethyl amine and trimethyl amine iv) benzyl amine and aniline

Q.2 Give reason for the followings:

i) pKb of aniline is more than that of methyl amine. Why?
ii) aniline does not undergo Friedel Kraft reaction.
iii) Ethylamine is soluble in water whearas aniline is not.
iv) A good quantity of meta derivative is also formed during nitration of aniline.
v) Only Primary aliphatic amines are prepared through Gabriel phthalimide synthesis.
vi) Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of aliphatic amines.
vii) Aqueos solution of Primary amine form precipitate of hydrated ferric oxide when Neutral
FeCl3 is added to it.
Q.3 Explain the given name reactions:
a) Hoffmann bromamide reaction b) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis
c) Carbylamine reaction d) Diazotisation reacton
e) Coupling reaction
Q.4 Arrange in increasing order of basic nature:
i) CH3CH2NH2, CH3CH2OH, (CH3CH2)NH.
ii) C6H5NH2, C6H5NHCH3, C6H5CH2NH2.
Q.5 How will you bring out the following conversions.
i) ethanoic acid to methanamine
ii) ethanamine to methanamine iii) methanamine to ethanamine
iii) nitromethane to dimethylamine iv) 3-methylaniline to 3-nitrotoluene
v) Aniline to 1,3,5-tribromobenzene vi) phenol to aspirin

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QUESTION BANK
 CLASS – XII
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHAPTER – 10 Biomolecules

Q.1 Differentiate between followings

i) globular and fibrous protein
ii) DNA and RNA
iii) Amylose and amylopectin
iv) α – Helix and β pleated structure of proteins
Q.2 i) what is denaturation of protein? Give any two examples.
ii) Define reducing and non reducing sugars with examples.
iii) write monomers of
a) Sucrose b) Maltose c) lactose d) starch e) Cellulose
iv) Draw Haworth projection of glucose and Fructose.
v) Vitamin C should always be taken in diet regularly.
Q.3 How will glucose react with following and what it suggest about the structure.
a) HI b) acid anhydride c) HNO3 d) Br2 water
e) Hydroxylamine
Q.4 Write the sources and deficiency diseases of the following vitamins.
a) A b) B12 c) C d) D e) E
Q.5 Define the following terms.
a) Phospodiester bonds b) Glycosidic bonds c) Peptide bonds
d) Zwitter ion e) Nucleotides f) nucleosides

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