Dr Bahsharudin Mohd Sharif

TOPICS OF DISCUSSION
1. Farm
2. Management of Broilers
3. Health
4. Sanitation
5. Pests Control
6. Pollution Control
7. Welfare of Birds
8. Management of Workers
1. FARM
a) Location
– Should not be within area/region under structural planning and
development of district/nearby to areas to be developed for public
needs
– Has road accessibility, drainage system, electricity supply etc.
– Not less than 0.5km distance from nearest poultry farm
– At least 0.2km from developed areas like municipality, industrial,
tourist attractions, public places and facilities.
– Not nearby lakes, ponds and others that are always stopped at by
migratory birds
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 1. FARM
– East-west direction to reduce effect of direct sunlight on chickens
– Distance between chicken houses at least the same as width
– Design is such that chickens are not exposed to injury
– For closed house system, should install alarm signal

b) Layout Plan of Farm

– Prepare a structural plan of farm showing main accessible routes
to farm, development of surrounding areas like villages, towns
and source of water supply nearby.
– showing location of chicken houses and other farm facilities
1. FARM
c) Chicken houses
– Chicken houses should be built in areas separated from non-
productive areas and fenced up
– Not in close proximity with roads frequently used for transportation
of chickens
– Buildings or trees nearby chicken houses does not obstruct air
circulation
– Temperature inside chicken houses below 30°C (optimum 22-26°C).
Humidity rate less than 70 %
Closed House
Separate production & admin office
 Cooling pads

Ventilation fans
Open House
 Open house vs closed house

Open House System Closed House System

Width not more than 10 meter not more than 12 meter

Length depending on need not more than 150 meter

Wall to roof height at least 2.7 meter -

Floor to roof height at least 3.6 meter 4 meter

Floor to ceiling height - 2.1 - 3.0 meter

(manual waste collection) : 1.95 (manual waste collection) : 1.95

Ground to floor height
meter meter

Length of roof side at least 0.9-1.2 meter same

Roof gradient at least 1-20 degree same

Poultry houses
should be pest
& wild bird
proofed.
Good drainage system
Fence up the farm properly
Bird-proofed feed store
 Water tanks -
clean water source

Feed silo
1. FARM
d) Equipment
✓Feeders
✓Nipple, water drinker
✓Gas heater
✓Brooder guard
✓Lighting (max 25 lux)
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2. MANAGEMENT OF BROILERS
a) Management Guide
– Put a brief guide on
management in each and
every house for workers'
easy reference
2. MANAGEMENT OF BROILERS

a) Chicks
– From DVS accredited breeder farms or hatcheries
– Check quality upon arrival
– Should be from same flock or same age
– Chicks from different sources are not to be reared
as one flock
 2. MANAGEMENT OF BROILERS
b) Feed
– Supply from feed mills (GMP, HACCP, ISO).
– No fungus or breeding of pests area.
– Store in clean, rat and bird proof place.
– Do not keep poison materials in feed store.
– Do not keep feed too long.
– Feed should be kept not less than 15cm off
the floor.
– Monitor quality of feed and cleanliness.
2. MANAGEMENT OF BROILERS
c) Water
– Use water from supply that is clean or treated with
chlorine and other sanitizers
– Monitor quality
Contents of good drinking water
pH 6.5 - 8.0
Total soluble solids < 550 ppm
Chlorides < 250 ppm
Iron < 0.3 ppm
Sulphate < 250 ppm
Nitrates < 10 ppm
Nitrites < 1 ppm
Chlorine < 0.05 ppm
Oxygen 7 - 14
2. MANAGEMENT OF BROILERS
d) Quality Control
– Practice daily management,
maintenance of facilities,
equipment that will determine
good growth and performance
chicks

– Prepare a good QA program

2. MANAGEMENT OF BROILERS

e) Records f) Monitoring performance

– Farm records should be
completed and updated
(source of chicks, feeds,
death, culling, treatment,
vaccination and others).
– Farm productivity norm
indicators as a
management guide.
– Evaluate management
competence continuously
3. HEALTH b) Disease Control
– Monitor disease status
a) Health Program
– Take immediate action to
– Prepare a written document on control its spread when a
health program and carry it out disease occurs in the farm
properly
– Plan and carry out of program
supervised closely by a
recognized veterinary
consultant
– Assessment
3. HEALTH
c) Bio-security
– Prepare a written document on bio-
security measures and carry it out
properly
– Provide full and complete facilities for
bio-security
– Monitor & evaluate effectiveness of
bio-security protocol from time to time
and make improvements where
necessary
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Biosecurity starts from here
Sprayer house
with wheel dip
3. HEALTH
d) Drug, Poison and Chemicals
– Usage, handling and storage according
to directions from manufacturers.
Dosage, expiry date and storage place
followed.
– Only keep quantity deemed enough for
use within certain period of time
before its expiry date
– Only use those endorsed by the
Government
3. HEALTH
e) Vaccine and Vaccination Program
– Prepare a written document on
vaccination program & carry it out
properly
– Use appropriate vaccine
– Vaccines kept, handled and used
according to directions from
manufacturers
– Do not use balance of vaccines already
opened
– Monitor effectiveness of vaccination done
 Example of vaccination program

Age Type of Vaccine Method

1 day ND + IB Intranasal

7 days ND + IB Intranasal

14 days IBD Oral

21 days ND + IB Oral
3. HEALTH
f) Disinfection
– Chicken houses disinfected
thoroughly after every production
cycle & left empty for a suitable
period of time
– All farm equipments disinfected
thoroughly after use & kept in a
clean and dry place
– Monitor effectiveness of
disinfection work carried out
Houses & equipment shall be sanitized after each
cycle
1 2

3
4. SANITATION
a) Cleanliness
– Always keep farm premises &
surroundings clean
– Maintenance of growth & grasses
in farm
– Maintenance of drainage system

b) Disposal of Farm Waste

– Dead chickens collected and handled properly to avoid possibility of spread
of disease
– Do not pollute surroundings and disrupt public tranquillity.
– Special place for disposal far away from chicken houses and source of water
supply
Clean surrounding with minimal vegetation
The best way to dispose dead
birds in a safe way:
o Composting
o Incinerating
o Deep burial + lime
Incinerator
Farm waste discharge management
Farm waste discharge management
Manure
collection
5. PESTS CONTROL
• Control protocol
• Construction of chicken houses and
store
• Trees and growth
• Control of rats
– Monitor infestation of rats from time to
time and keep complete records
– Take steps to ensure rat index is not more
than 10
– Take control measures if index is higher
than this number
Pest control
Pest control
6. POLLUTION CONTROL
• Flies
• Smell
• Dust
• Noise
7. WELFARE OF BIRDS

• Livestock Management
Chickens must be free from
stress, injury & discomfort
o On arrival at farm
o Whole period of rearing
o Catching and
transportation
 7. WELFARE OF BIRDS
• Ventilation
Ammonia below 20 ppm
– Monitor level of ammonia, CO,
CO2, hydrogen sulphide & Carbon monoxide below 40 ppm
oxygen in closed house system Carbon dioxide below 0.3%
from time to time to ensure it
does not affect health of Oxygen above 16%

chickens and workers. Gas Hydrogen sulfide below 5 ppm

levels must be as follows:
8. MANAGEMENT OF WORKERS
• Facilities for Workers
– Housing quarters
– Toilets in housing areas and farm
– Clothing and safety measures for
workers in high risk or accident-
prone areas

Workers’ quarters
Production office
Workers’ quarters
Basic facilities
8. MANAGEMENT OF WORKERS
a) Workers' health c) Training
– Ensure all workers have good health – Prepare and carry out training
status programme for workers from time to
time
b) Duties of workers
– Prepare a duty list for each and every
worker
– Each and every farm worker should be
clear about their duty and
responsibility
– Supervise, identify weaknesses and
take appropriate action for
improvement