You are on page 1of 15

j--

.1 - ,-'r.

--r-'t
t-]-l
g
tt-
F-i-
F_
I
[-

--'._-:-t-r
E
H
E
tlt

rl
I

Lr

I
LA fuNtroNg DEUE PP§EINE
L 'ur fiJNJlt§.-\f ùr, l\§i:N QÈ(IEm.l€ (trrt*l*§r.§ lU t§tr+-hr.§
Q§\§RhBr(;g ct{ §r.sA-[ rvrslGq-a.r-§ : tL urtrnNsC
\s. §,lhruAn "fl+,a§-iì()Q,§ e§J€ \N*G'U{qqu, P\t§r,t\NE * ut@Nbo
d e:,:=*141u€ ff&\F\. \.)itm Q§\-uC LÙ{S§r{-.§ put\o'tuGtlr+i\rv",C
t)< È-iq§)Np§Q:r, [Aq,Dr*v§N f È E Lt-uE:t-i;'Qr i-*,,-Fru:È n t'PLlAhCrrJ i

Èfi{bÉN-il\: E N,\§-rr§èe'i*"t*§
UN tÀL\èotsc> its r_§ks ȧ \-t'i§ Q-§Gng-F CIÈ\À§' p'ù,cÌEl.*\r
tlTO sr i.Fkp.rrr.s c-cr.crqitrn"§sitr{rI R-r- ùrs$«*nÒ
t r r..rrEux\.e,c"€ E\ §PEl^ftts\ tr§ € tni ts{rA,oo §r p-',stu^ivwvvtuQ-{
-fgA. N\t'L§LC-L-È \rru*r\F NL §{Ta È'{ \È thÀ\J€
LNff. V':c\ po:St§§tr §-Tt
§, \§ti§N"-É ùì\'t§!i Q\-R
Q1CSÈr'x
Èqxa"E tIANT\ uiqAf.rU. .

tL r§r.af*n,-. pUCF\NA* tiq..6S,§Ò e'Sp=Sro ncr-onnpftGir..iAss O\


\NlN Nc$-ihql\ (q,J$c{a6arp.g*"ft1F DS-!A pùrilL:trux t-r\€ L§l".t0tr
[U §rìTC È" €LrfÀr\^-t flt'Lcf\^?6§ .'-=61§{L[ AL LrLrtr\r"lkr crc< uN
(-Cl{ f fkt€r'.iTE ?A€f§eli\tvt-t=N'TC Dft- L*-til§(r*i*r=.
Aost-nqnr.-§rvtc tr..i o§§a
\N UN t , §IE \§ k,8Ur\ i1ì\r'up.tA N\§[\fì.L$ft\§{\§
rur"A. N\Ù

\-x4 -r.-'-..iF61[&.4,1: qvA.t-E A L,ruFt-ea §o u*A 0§.É ki&':rxttì7\\ ftr'*§\


€s5É[-É TLA\ L§s §A AD q{]uf hi R'h.i,ìA' Q'ùc»uacJtrri ]c 6u'§§r fi
tni
h en.! \ \Tt"JIIU0Aa- :- EN\AkL-o&rNÀ
\-E tN -\E-
qr"e'.ru\N \ * utLrc+,sLÒ Fc' €s\F 8F Q§tss-'§(§
pahQ\i
XirgU^,nslrt tL- \Èkt+q.^.È (§{ ÀuCPr u^Uf\St}i Lpi:Lr§-ì'u u\€ qC§ i§r"C
C*\-) §nA-E N§\ÀA p?SÈttv'N pg676:h§nl r !ie-!{il.r[{\L- L-t*€
Nrfi§.àt pS)O L, Èf§ù." iplt c-ON LL P t^n^C t-'t t tR.rUÙO.
E-t.t'rr,.rrr-. Q-§ Ucurrgn":
r"-ff
ftp§ffiffi"§ ksue&Èt&t
L,§ksr'e"t ffi&*#'
L (} -l*
c\
I
{*r(
{}
rts
----r-\

t"mc c"sfiÉu,:nco
Lr lNrT€rR*scns wImN#\- uq§!{93 Qus\€s§§e§ Qs§c-etc* tr.J
tFC*ANu€ LrqqpùO
- p'IgstNA a€?+runrr Anr'.rrtt+Sfiil"

\L t-Etx'Rr"u:c UE\E:Èt Àit§ l-runr*oo * Q"AtrEtNN wA uNÈ


tùVtsNT€ K{ g.' ù1SSot'\Ak§NE t}\§ {v.lhJVA u\pr$€rn'rt\§\
0& ùcss..N:oo Q§R r."t»" pU"cuS\NA-
q-*tT. §i b'SsOqr.§1r-Òr\§ '= tr..- c,l = [t> 11

[Pt t ut
I y.T §"§W*!p?fl :rt.s.ftsn§ ù-i \§n
0-
§4i r §"i \§esÈ.\IE -I§59 r§tqss16 ocs*qS\ Dsl- L*qsRhl§O

[(d 4 ( tr<..: e-esT, bi € Qùl uBai§ )


t(o,.-

G Lul L^* t<c} OEStQ-l.ue ù§..!n\ p'€Q§'§\-t :

[u]+'<d Ù §=4 "\-1.)\T\ \


4
kr fr §Os*§
o,5 o C-E_il pFfi1

*J I L]
+(é BgSSo -* È*r:tk 6§fts*i1q\ DEuft pa,cu§ rxÀ Q§R- \L \"r"kFrJD.o
eLò A-urc' E Bns§* A$+aN rTÀ\ AEÈU-A§ sF*r1i frTr F§{..'c oc-Lù Qffif

+ k \ c§)a-PrqÒs§eÉ AAJu* fÉ 5 crJ\ D§ eifl 0-; \§qrsnruF


*
Er §pcnttQnt-. S§r=§ ocs*:pnxr DA.{,_ t_uLs§r-\0Ò"

-+ \A tt _J AAJrt\ QJpalu ȧ t1-r\ An t§qsertt.r§ Ran§ oe-u-lpnp


UDO-AÀ§§òr{{5€ft.3- Gk*c!
Kcu
iljuf.J*:f .^ §.r CiSt rC'€ rvN:\rC,t\F '-§\,retru§pkr nu§
Curva di legame sigmoide, meccanismo cooperativo dell'emoglobina
(_ Una curva di legame sigmoide è intermedia o ibrida cioè riflette la presenza
di siti a bassa e ad alta affinità

1,0
po:
nci tcssuti
tr poz
nei polmclni
-s R

Emoglobina è più 0,8


sensibile a piccole l't'; rt t.ì izir')t rl
iil i»lisir
variazioni d, 02, in questo irr I alla al'l'ir riti-'r
modo è efficiente nel 0,6
legare I'O2 nei polmoni 0
dove la pO2 e alta e
efficiente nel rilasciarlo 0,4

neitessutidove la pO2 è
bassa. §ini o
0,2 uL

L &u,otitprsn"o oEi
Eì{b^^-i psgorrqq0-i 0
I 16
pO, (kPa)

EMOGLOBINA ha una cooperatività di legame con l'O2

ll legame dell'O, all'emoglobina è regolato dal 2,3-bisfosfoglicerato

pC)2 nei pos nei


HbBPG A OZé' HbO2 + BPG pO2 nei polrnoni polmoni
tessuti (a500 m) (a liveilo del mare)
L 1,0
** *
COOH
I

cH -o-Po32-

cH2 -o-Po32-

Funziona da adattamento 0 0,5

fisiologico alla bassa por, ad


esempio a quote elevate

0
I
L 4
pO2 {kPa)
t2 16
ESxOtsrr-OQ«trlX 'reÀN B{crN§-§Snt(s{§
L\€trxokfskr5r6 flAsQ§,§§§. osk\t€r\§ b§ì trrN\S§\ Ad a§St\m
?EAlEaìq-r ml.E * q"J*hO ;11§u-o \§§§' t§z Èr,r"x§tr.nwn wn-t
(*

Puetr§st1 oSE1oN-N.!\ €. LnTt*§,FmF\ #'i t§t-ru(]Nl\ .

U'S§?,iT-Ll mA Oe\ 4 rsN.s Aa,\$\spì\bsj.\§ ". Zd. e- L §


t§(jtAaE Tt,e u§2-c 0p- u§qnnxr N,aN r§\.A\§NTt
§!qN\ §-LI&\",N\TR\ c,qrt§r\§ LN tsr-O^:Qgc §\À§: Q'?rsxq[n$§a[sr.l* 3
ers uE-kN &L q_§NTg.o u{ me^\() È, Fe * osqlDA.hÈ §
Quruu, ùi LF'ci{-A{§ O, tru ùÀaDc [€\§(\§lq.11§.
gtrx*r..QQrlNi
\ €u*.* Q"-,§FU.JS Aà.r.s§'\F Èilq!'.
u\ r.L r§\s'è§.lF
(E\b\ Pa§FINÀ (§"J uN.] rAqnru§o N \-{LJ§LLO §\Nfr {§Ufr(.:,O
L h.ro Dn tE-§tF{\}.ltr tr,.§f*ìfic+. ts Q Vcrye"Sm\ D"r' \}.J A4:iBo S'TQ
kJuA hFS§A §,\§\§ej.ft Qt,orE\cA N\x_,rks§_\.s L{§A rrr_§n AsA
q.§o..JM,
LL QEC-rOr-nqgA§ A-'\A§E È\(C ( g5n-ftrrt) SguùEcrl.Akr'sQn xrp
€ U Cz cr.r.§ §.i6.K-È LJ{.Jft N5§è{Htf+ t'C{FoJtnm-tCxt'tr{-§
§f-u4.J\\l[,§ t\r§§NN Dfu-+' Qt-ctEit"l
§'
DS.^-e

L\€.sNo(.*r'-C>8nN A. QL-()' E H tiTtQ-§ \"FJ §-'§ tg*$6r$a*aìrc§nti


P0-Àn{e.-E-S§-!.'
qcrme T- = q§c-§ N+t"r'§ N'--t*'Oz
[apqq g = Q\u, NR.r.F gà*L, Q,
I
iN ftS§Er{\è- sl. Oz , tCI §.tF§D T ' t-g §cgu+i' S§§trq*'§L:..s'&ìNN
k\n urrx M §§DS§n§nn§Gt-tO{}."ruA €l} C LO
E'rpno p.,rt P1lxkrtÈ. 'T
Qmr.Oc LrOz H L§c*h Fso **r* f'l;Btru ffx' Dg.\CI g§Fqa
ts..ipgge.A Lh"r& N^§-$,fiqp, Ls{
qio{A'L§ LIi$§ t/\
C-rq,-i WR56, Ar.^C t1..;Afiq3 R , Deuq: ur§uctxusg{NA
g q
P.'t n$$^rlF
Adr-' Ò2 "

xsUr,O tT$§OTr tLqfl4g: tRne, 4trj.p-6f,"i3 tlt§rrF ÈLttrn.NlTO CL


A § flt r\N€ A*§
ùL€r,.§" §0-L§t'JTsqD 9g1$ t H 0'.r'r* Qtl:\hms§ Ao
1J.§6 c-§q 6OA;\;"AJj§NF ?LANA"Q-§ e L§}f \^J tiÙ{t{.§'T(Q
L S»:§fqxNN§r{-\A NFI,\F.. \§§(A L§,?o$Oq.c.,S, trr.§0rfitnlrlOc \-A K
ltp't$'g \tfto Q§R L'C, §§N§ f.:B.xt 51pr ,qprqq§, -\rT\"
\,N 4"* nuns.§u§l§ An q EÀ\§ 111-§Q+§d sL§ tcn{ L\e§,"§kr_O r}lrv*
\ÈkÈ"
N§.\-(] VTfsù T CIS§\N t\§,\§ t,af.JtiqutS'tr,q'-§- ngO:§ì, §-r
t-tù \lC hcl §§Èr,trutFru1E " N/.,lr atÈrc r.§u*q\NL§ St1tA-\kI-fuA t-l-'tft
§oi^,.A\§d{\L§ tÀ§ rj\q\§ r-§Hr.uu'i qA§ft A\§§
tna»"..ÈiL-tu\c§-È LÈN
§.JB.J\N\\À' n\5-ipC§NiTr, 0*l:§,*OO hu' T\WL§ rL r§raprr,,.,§ d)-,
Lqr-J À&§§§ nHnr§r-qr-E k-.' 'C)2"
\sttgq*qi \A:\t-,\r*v:t.'or-.§
DaeD §.IÀ.§ O" H € rt-a*è;,g .p,\.,,ft 4o-.-,,'
-f tu L§l--'sv-È 'rtJF§ h
tSW\Cl \§fxrc) R §§\l\§ P\hi\. finur-uS
" L\Ùtf,\\'re rl"'o'u§trv-*l Wì Oz
v1 \§§§
t€car.fgq rvsi-Et-§Il-e. ù4 Ct'
§i r*--l5 (-§\§ €gn-^'^+< tl§tr'§ ncaO R
A{.--tqU^ipF BrrF EJ§.bJ{\R.\
AFf]N 6ip*r pq§ tu hS U"t*l+t\r]C
§ Qj rf U p [-§. FtrNlN tn ru',nS§^ÀA

L\€§x\§q*\§-Qnsis. € t'.1\s{,ND§ §" U\LNSILNp-§ OL A' u-<r'§r't'c>

ù81Tg§§r:ì;t qg.{§À€ El esLe A-§d-.§F Aq",'Cu - q'lpgÈ'T-


N \L\§\.§ o§, tryr..r.qri\, $cl§ \ SoL S hitÈ\§uA§A' §\
tr"l

Gr{-s-§.tr u- o§ p^?^cffirr-i,p1c*t§ t\f\ AulA AFtrn'lt§r


@
PtR LOz,
ecr-n^ovi - pTq§ R arsi-urd = trp:tc :f
(o S*l€.sN§q\§È.r*o) ( CruOssi §twQUto&".rrttr")

t§3i§ Dr,r-1 tu§{rr t-Co4§?+1\\'l


L, q'5.rr"C,\r-tsg-tN§
trjLr,,§ §j§\r§L§§ = §-fr- A+ É\§.:{§ €' l\ S,r*1§'r+ e{:fr§J\TN'

\-,N fv\"CiQrLs&..rvNs§tJ ec' fl.,nstsRss.UE C, tr§- \A'[tJtrLi§


À
?r$tr-*r4i sS (^JR. Lù2tA f\ \Q€.ÈgCiL§ §Q§it+.ì§PA § rrrq^J
Ércr rwÈuo§ q§NN§ u"§ rv''§eqr-s&ìr"N '
C\§§: u§t*n Oz .-Ct- \.r',4 §L§Up-rn
Qeq_*i§-? r.JpN QtC§r,r."N
ftf{.NrTft\ h \rrfUL§qA'Fnt^-r..r§N*iF 5*i qa'wuQ\'\,, t"'\'/\ N§nJ
'\J-g§tA §1 A. ':E Stlrrfr '
S=\Nu§ur\-È\P?^§È''5''5t\f\q\§tsft§q"Ar+SRstif\\?tAuCz
.rFS§\JT\ rW\ Nrer.i §c+{-a.' rr'J tr{"gs'c raì
g--1_5Sr*ift0,.., N
QsxU*.
t'.Sr Pc,uv"cl'i'
tnm-r?-AeÉ
t€ mge*r-o.A< rvA. T?ASS§p§F\ ANI\'1§ t\t e- LCz , t f tsrcmr
qp,orL 0§Lt* QFkhAAì*QN§ q§ìxuLAQ-§r E U \A-\tQȧ3r\ §Ai
.jES
hr\ ft" pcrquoslr § F* Q-R\J\ C§\5È- \§§§(\a'\§ t§L[§'tt -

\§. eCJ- P ùc$c§'\È §L\ §.xs=cruul§Q*r 65\,t CSt\oA"ì-'§(F Ù"$"I§-

tosfirnuE= §8*tàF.t.)\Ltt§' nv.frQ-r§hl-ù, r.l t§t'-§ \Dt,tmnrR € rc'[*r\]'+\

A\src B§€Q${\}-s.-rx i.N pr,:ru§rrrr§ a§U.e\ N e QÙrtrr§" Jrl}#§


tr-rru.rh$\tror\E Ù§t PR NR\ §s§"'J\\ '

Effi.O BsttR, : r-\ats&,Spru5:rJrro Bi Pt\ e§C€$,LulrÉr s§1,\ e,ùfuÀ.


D\ §eiNk\+\en.§ *q CaCntr; en*chrs,\.jp p{Lshr\F pfl\§§f, AJ\§I\IA nii,nJq
A-\.-\,'OJ E-1§Ni6. uO[ + 0;il*\u*aQr.- Cz-

Qurmx$n u\L\rugqt{C&tnv5 .frQ-ptvÀ A t-ttÈ\tC ra§ p^rv'-or-'lt,


€\§\r{urfOrl CIsieÉ^.^^ro6 \ L Disl§;èec fit\LA e§r § i,,q p6'fu'gqq{È'J[
Uq*+, pLo{§w.,q 6' (As.>A OqÀle Lrir<FèQ.},rs,A,Or\§ fùLìÉ i i-r' L m^FtÙ -r )

tx ùs§1 ( srp"xc, &)


nzb?6
.t[r
2,3 BQq
bPq N\\fip§{".

Lr3 * Qnrcxpoc=u(EQxsÒ (n p«)


iL 2,3q^6o5$eG*rc.-Egs§o e^*l tS-t§Èm§bic a8tn q\-L\§À-'ì'Li èb u'

Pq-xFn-r t-§i Cdrl-È-q$-^--, ?.-c§Fi

tu &?k h \§s. Lr.J LÀt §fro yi tTEFr-\E DAL e{TCI U" '\F(ao,r\N§
§8-L'Oz € L§C*OU+I Up.-€{l X mRr eR\,t E-nn+ÒCse'-crttr nuA tsu Q..§AtÉ UN§
-f
nu.-fr " EiÈQr\\:.+Art u+ SèS"*r'o"
?Oo N-s. ?§r-r\N,cN{
I r.l N^§lrrrd}rr.rq==
QOe BAtiA, § fAfa.] l,\t-r\l.§N.ls N[\ r-*-,o8";uu
?c:t"t E pt-o'run r\rr+ 0{r,r^rvtr?.cns o§\i AffiNfF' &Lis\ton<:Ga-of,,rvg
P* ;'Cz E uHl fw-§(x.:t-.,§& Lu:.nscto È. C2.
§tXETUttAn A
L-t\,;tLvC AftrìEsr.e,ar F$èsfl- $ F.,'tO hFLra I}{CSS-
(-",.Gs ff.&q+l§;\q u[ì§L'Ctrv.-ilntT6 u /\Ràr*
f§ c-*+E L €yv.e,Ltts&r,< A io^
?€R D C, € QJ,n1b FA^,qhIì\rg iu b;+l§\-.c> U oz .ft. \§\J-t, \
iuBPCr N§\r'1qq§ae+rce<xn
fe-tr*-1r* N§*.J Qr§\L§ .A r.-À-rq$}[[.
F§u"it§' xN.et.gn \R TuBvu tTRt È \en,o p.ÈsDsùq F ?u§.r*n,o.
I Bftn r k N { [nJ rin"t]rrTA(;nr.,p SUg.Bgrq È-ì t i rA
§
POs
- *s,sA§*rc> Òr- \ q()z
uA Q.§r ABBAS§*. LrWQkr*iTA' B§§E11,\aqnra&-\g6 psg LrC,
t\§\ iE S t.(rr{ Le-O .l e* A\:ts t N§trrvt-tR,. HVc ps* Q, € tssSsA

9P\q\l [-eÉrTe- §ssn-" ;s-§(-,5ir-n, o§.u\ §b ps o.€ qrss

L e§er§\**lQ-Qr Dsu rSr*r+ru-e S*Cs**§.en'q


I Cz i.o^"a
t*+ i-NJ Fu§-r{+A§s
* c-Oz
u\ NsGn": r-r*. O§Lu €rv*<>ar-t'§gnN/6
Ps' t D, q §,a:":s{*ì. I Lry.l§ 'sA- q§{So4J\^A+*q.S T*
- BPc{ CeleUnru,,r<qN0S rL A-§-I."§§LLé C§\j Ct_ .

You might also like