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Mains electricity by country
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mains electricity by country includes a list of countries and territories, with the plugs, voltages and frequencies they use
for providing electrical power to small appliances and some major appliances. Every country has differing rules regarding
distribution of electricity for portable appliances and lighting. Voltage, frequency, and plug type vary widely, but large
regions may use common standards. Physical compatibility of receptacles may not ensure compatibility of voltage,
frequency, or connection to earth ground.
This article lists the plug type, voltage and frequency commonly expected for many territories. In some areas, older
standards may still exist. Foreign enclaves or buildings frequented by tourists may support plugs not otherwise used in a
country, for the convenience of travellers.
Contents
1 Main reference source—IEC World Plugs
2 Plugs
3 Safety considerations
3.1 Multistandard sockets and adapters
3.2 Voltage rating of plugs and power cords
3.3 Some countries use Type A and Type B sockets at greater than 125 V
3.4 Differences in standards for those plugs classified as Type I
3.5 Shaver sockets
4 Voltages
5 History of similar guides
6 Table of mains voltages and frequencies
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Main reference source—IEC World Plugs
The International Electrotechnical Commission publishes a web microsite World Plugs[1] which provides the main source
for this page, except where other sources are indicated. World Plugs includes some history, a description of plug types,
and a list of countries giving the type(s) used and the mains voltage and frequency.
Although useful for quick reference, especially for travellers, IEC World Plugs may not be regarded as totally accurate, as
illustrated by the examples in the plugs section below, and errors may exist, such as Indonesia being listed as using both
220 V and 110 V when the Indonesian Standard SPLN 1[2] clearly states the voltage as 230 V.
Plugs
A plug is defined in IEC 60050 as an accessory having pins designed to engage with the contacts of a socketoutlet, also
incorporating means for the electrical connection and mechanical retention of flexible cables or cords, a plug does not
contain components which modify the electrical output from the electrical input (except where a switch and/or fuse is
provided as a means of disconnecting the output from input). There is an erroneous tendency to refer to power conversion
devices with incorporated plug pins as plugs, but IEC 60050 refers to these as 'direct plugin equipment' defined as
equipment in which the mains plug forms an integral part of the equipment enclosure so that the equipment is supported
by the mains socketoutlet. In this article, the term 'plug' is used in the sense defined by IEC 60050.
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The types used in each country are set by national standards, some of which are listed in the IEC technical report TR
60083, Plugs and socketoutlets for domestic and similar general use standardized in member countries of IEC.[3]
The international standard IEC 608841 defines the general requirements for plugs and sockets intended for household
and similar purposes, IEC 608841 does not define specific plug and socket types which are the subject of national
standards in each country. IEC 608841 para 9.2 does stipulate that: it shall not be possible, within a given system, to
engage a plug with a socketoutlet having a higher voltage rating or a lower current rating. IEC 608841 para 6.1 defines
the preferred voltage ratings for single phase plugs and sockets as 130 V or 250 V. In the foreword of IEC 608841 it
states: in order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any
IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.[4]
The lettering system used here is from World Plugs which defines the letter names and gives a (not always correct) list of
what plug types are used where. Type A makes specific reference to American and Japanese plugs, as does Type B which
is specifically rated at 15 A. Type C is specifically identified as the Europlug (which is defined in EN 50075) and
described as a plug which fits into any socket that accepts 4.0–4.8 mm round contacts on 19 mm centres. Type D is
specifically rated at 5 A. Type E (grounding pin in socket) and Type F (grounding clips on both sides) are specifically
rated at 16 A and defined as having 4.8 mm pins on 19 mm centres. Type G is identified as the fused British plug. The
Type H plug is described as unique to Israel. Type I (Australian) is described as having both 10 A and 15 A ratings. Type J
(Swiss) is rated at 10 A and is differentiated from Type N. The Type K rating is not shown. The Type L (Italian)
description includes both ratings and pin sizes. Type M is described as looking similar to Type D, but with much larger
pins. The Type N description is of the two variations of Brazilian plug (Brazilian national standard NBR 14136);
however, the original plug and socket is defined in IEC 609061 and has been adopted as a South African national
Standard (SANS 1642). The Brazilian version is noncompliant with the IEC standard. Not all plugs are included in the
letter system; for example, there is no designation for the plug defined by the Thai National Standard TIS1162549.
IEC World Plugs is ambiguous in some areas: it does not reference national technical standards that define the dimensions
and tolerances of devices. Plugs will usually mate with sockets which are intended to accept plugs classified under the
same letter type, but there is no guarantee of this. There is also an issue relating to Type C, the EN 50075 Europlug which
has no dedicated socket in the standard and is designed to fit sockets accepting "4.0–4.8 mm round contacts on 19 mm
centres", implying that there must be usage of such sockets in the territories listed as using Type C plugs. Despite this,
World Plugs lists seven territories as using only Type C (i.e., no mention of specific plug types whose mating sockets also
accept Type C) and twentyone territories using Type C with no compatible types.[5] This may be for a number of reasons,
for instance the Thai standard TIS 1662549 includes a socket which will also accept Types A, B and C plugs as well as
the Thai plug (which does not have an IEC classification letter). Another possible reason is the use of socalled "universal
sockets" in use in some countries, these accept multiple plug types but meet no standards and are not classified by the
IEC.
The United States Department of Commerce published an earlier guide,[6] which is now obsolescent and which has
known inaccuracies. (See History of similar guides section below.)
Safety considerations
Multistandard sockets and adapters
Multistandard sockets are sometimes used in China and some other Asian countries; these are intended to accommodate
plugs conforming to various different standards. They do not normally have earthing (grounding) connections for either
CEE 7/4 "Schuko", or CEE 7/5 (French), or their combination CEE 7/7. In multistandard sockets, the aperture size for
NEMA plugs is often the same for both Line (Hot) and Neutral, which allows a polarized plug to be inserted in either
orientation, thus defeating the safety feature. Also, in a socket designed to accept both NEMA and BS 1363 plugs, the
polarization can only be correct for one type of plug, so only appliances which do not require specific polarization should
be connected.[7] Multistandard sockets made by Lengon are amongst those classified as serious safety risks, because they
allow the user to come into contact with live parts.[8]
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Thai socket which also Socalled "universal
accepts Type A, B and socket" which meets
C plugs. no standard but accepts
a number of different
plug types.
Adapters that allow insertion of otherwise mechanically incompatible plugs into sockets are useful for travellers, but, as
with multistandard sockets, may not ensure the grounding and polarization intended by a compatible system of plugs and
sockets.
Voltage rating of plugs and power cords
Plugs and power cords have a rated voltage (V) and rated current (A) assigned to
them by the manufacturer, and these values are required to be marked on the plug.
For a plug, the values are normally those specified in the relevant standard sheet.
The international preferred rating for household plugs and sockets is either 130 V
or 250 V; these are the values for normal use, and at which they are tested. (Plugs
and power cords are also required to be tested at higher voltage for a brief period
of 1 minute to test their electrical strength in case of fault conditions.)[9] The NEMA 515 (type B) plugs with
NEMA 1–15 U.S. 2 pin (Type A) and NEMA 5–15 U.S. 3 pin (Type B) plugs are current and voltage ratings shown
rated at 125 V.[10] Similar plugs used in countries with higher mains voltages in (left) on label (7 A 125 V) and
(centre) on engagement face (10 A
the range 220–250 V are rated at 250 V.[11] Using an appliance, plug or power 125 V). Also shown (right) is the
cord which is not appropriate for the territory (e.g. one rated for 125 V with a 230 rating on the C13 connector at the
V supply) may constitute a safety hazard. other end of the 10 A 125 V
appliance cord.
Some countries use Type A and Type B sockets at greater than 125
V
Sockets connected to mains voltages above 125 V and which accept Type A or B plugs may be suitable for chargers and
power supplies incorporating Type A pins, providing they have a suitable voltage rating.
Differences in standards for those plugs classified as Type I
Type I plugs also have differences in characteristics such as pin length. This means that the uninsulated pins of a Chinese
plug may become live while there is still a large enough gap between the faces of the plug and socket to allow a finger to
touch the pin. Argentinean connectors have the opposite polarity to those of other Type I countries.
Shaver sockets
National wiring regulations sometimes prohibit the use of sockets within certain areas adjacent to water taps etc. In such
cases shaver supply units meeting IEC 6155825 may be permissible. These include an isolation transformer and usually
accept multiple twopin plug types including Europlug (Type C), Australian (Type I) and BS 4573. The isolation
transformer often includes a 115 V output accepting twopin US plugs (Type A). Shaver supply units must also be current
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limited, IEC 6155825 specifies a minimum rating of 20 VA and maximum of 50 VA.[12] IEC 6155825 requires sockets
to be marked with the shaver symbol defined in IEC 604175225, the words "shavers only" are also often used but not
required. IEC 6155825 has been adopted as a European CENELEC standard EN 6155825 and also as a national
standard in some countries, e.g. UK (BS EN 6155825) and Malaysia (MS IEC 6155825).
Voltages
Voltages in this article are the nominal singlephase supply voltages. Threephase and industrial loads will have other
voltages.
All voltages are root mean square voltage; the peak AC voltage is greater by a factor of √2, and the peak to peak voltage
greater by a factor of 2√2.
History of similar guides
In 1948 the US Government Printing Office published World electric current characteristics.[13] This contained
information on voltages used in the cities of many countries, but no information on plugs. The guide was republished by
the US Department of commerce in 1954 as Electric Current Abroad. This was updated from time to time and the 1967
version includes some information on plugs,[14] however only 3 types were designated: Type A, illustrated by a US style 2
pin plug, Type B, illustrated by a sketch of a BS 546 type, and Type C, illustrated by a sketch of a BS 1363 type. The
1984 edition[15] uses the letters A to G in the same manner as they are used today. The last printed edition (listing plugs
from A to H) was that of 1998, reprinted in 2002,[6] it includes brief textual descriptions of each type illustrated by a
sketch, only Type F (described as a Schuko) is specifically linked to a generally recognized type. The International Trade
Administration of the US Department of Commerce now publishes a web version: Electric Current Worldwide (http://ww
w.trade.gov/mas/ian/ecw/) which still does not include the full list of plug types; it does not describe Type M or type N.
There are sketches and photographs of each type, but no textual description or references to actual standards. Examples of
errors in the website include the failure to mention that Brazil uses Type N, although that has been the national standard in
that country since 1998; stating that the UK uses type C, which is not permitted there; and claiming that China uses Type
H (the Israeli plug) when the main Chinese plug is actually type I.
There are many web sites from unofficial sources which also purport to offer lists of voltages and plug types.
Table of mains voltages and frequencies
Except where other sources are indicated, the plug type, voltage and frequency in this table are sourced from an official
web page of the IEC:World Plugs[1]
Entries in the plug standard column refer to the national standards pertaining to the relevant territory, and unless
otherwise stated are sourced from IEC Technical Report 60083.[3]
Note: The table can be sorted using the icon.
Type A
(NEMA 1–15
U.S. 2 pin)
rated 125 V AC
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Country
Plug Residential
or Plug standard Frequency Comments
type voltage
Territory
Afghanistan C, F 220 V 50 Hz
Type B
Albania C, F 230 V 50 Hz (NEMA 5–15
Algeria C, F 230 V 50 Hz U.S. 3 pin)
American rated 125 V AC
A, B, F, I 120 V 60 Hz Standardized by
Samoa
IEC as IEC
Andorra C, F 230 V 50 Hz
609062
Angola C ?[5] 220 V 50 Hz
Anguilla A 110 V 60 Hz
Antigua and
A, B 230 V 60 Hz
Barbuda
Line/neutral Type C (CEE
reversed 7/16 Europlug)
compared to
Argentina C ?,[5] I 220 V 50 Hz
Chinese and
Australian/NZ
Type I
Armenia C, F 230 V 50 Hz CEE 7/17 2pin
Aruba A, B, F 127 V 60 Hz plug & CEE 7/1
Bathrooms socket
may have
shaver sockets
Line/neutral
Australia I AS/NZS 3112 230 V[16][17] 50 Hz
reversed
compared to
Argentinian Type D (BS 546
Type I 5 A)
C ÖVEIG/EN 50075
Austria 230 V 50 Hz
F ÖVEÖNORM E 8620
Azerbaijan C, F 230 V 50 Hz
Bahamas A, B 120 V 60 Hz
Type E (French)
Bahrain G 230 V 50 Hz CEE 7/6 plug &
C, D, G, CEE 7/5 socket
Bangladesh 220 V 50 Hz
K
Barbados A, B 115 V 50 Hz
Belarus C, F 230 V[18] 50 Hz
Belgium C, E NBN C 61 1121 230 V 50 Hz Type F
110 V ("Schuko")
Belize A, B, G 60 Hz CEE 7/4 plug &
220 V
CEE 7/3 socket
Benin C, E 220 V 50 Hz
Bermuda A, B 120 V 60 Hz
C, D, F,
Bhutan 230 V 50 Hz
G, M
115 V
Bolivia A, C ?[5] 50 Hz
230 V
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Bosnia and
C, F 230 V 50 Hz
Herzegovina
Botswana D, G, M 230 V 50 Hz
127 V
Brazil C, N NBR 14136 60 Hz CEE 7/7 plug,
220 V
(combines
British Virgin earthing
A, B 110 V 60 Hz
Islands methods of
Brunei G 240 V 50 Hz Type E &
Bulgaria C, F 230 V 50 Hz Type F)
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Congo,
Democratic C, D, E 220 V 50 Hz
Republic of
the
Type K
Cook Islands I 240 V 50 Hz (SRAF 1962/DB
Costa Rica A, B 120 V 60 Hz Denmark)
Côte d'Ivoire C, E 230 V 50 Hz
Croatia C, F 230 V 50 Hz
Cuba A, B, C 110 V 60 Hz
Conversion of
50 Hz
A, B, D, 110 V 60 Hz
Guyana distribution to
G 220 V[21] 50 Hz[21] 60 Hz is
ongoing[22]
Haiti A, B 110 V 60 Hz
Honduras A, B 110 V 60 Hz
G Type G is
BS 1363
Hong Kong [23] 220 V 50 Hz most
D, M BS 546
common.
C MSZ EN 50075
Hungary 230 V 50 Hz
F MSZ 97812
Iceland C, F 230 V 50 Hz
India C, D, M IS 1293[24] 230 V 50 Hz
Indonesia C, F, G 230 V[2] 50 Hz
Iran C, F 220 V 50 Hz
and Sendai);
West Japan
60 Hz
(Okinawa,
60 Hz Osaka, Kyoto,
Japan A, B JIS C 8303 100 V
50 Hz Kobe,
Nagoya,
Hiroshima).
120 V in
military
facilities in
Okinawa. See
Energy in
Japan for
more.
Jersey G 230 V 50 Hz
Power cords
with type A or
B plugs which
B, C, D,
Jordan 230 V 50 Hz are rated at
F, G, J
only 125 V
may present a
safety hazard.
Kazakhstan C, F 220 V 50 Hz
Kenya G 240 V 50 Hz
Kiribati I 240 V 50 Hz
Kosovo C, F 230 V 50 Hz
Kuwait C ?[5] G 240 V 50 Hz
Kyrgyzstan C, F 220 V 50 Hz
Laos C, E, F 230 V 50 Hz
Latvia C, F 230 V 50 Hz
Power cords
with type A or
A, B, B plugs which
Lebanon C ?[5] D, 220 V 50 Hz are rated at
G only 125 V
may present a
safety hazard.
Lesotho M 220 V 50 Hz
A, B, C, 120 V 60 Hz
Liberia
E, F 240 V 50 Hz
Barca,
Benghazi,
C, D, F,
Libya 127 V 50 Hz Derna, Sabha
L
& Tobruk 230
V.
Lithuania C, F 230 V 50 Hz
Liechtenstein C, J 230 V 50 Hz
Luxembourg C, F 230 V 50 Hz
D, F, G,
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Line/neutral
reversed
New Zealand I AS/NZS 3112 230 V 50 Hz compared to
Argentinian
Type I
Nicaragua A, B 120 V 60 Hz
Power cords
with type A or
B plugs which
A, B, C,
Niger 220 V 50 Hz are rated at
D, E, F
only 125 V
may present a
safety hazard.
Nigeria D, G 240 V 50 Hz
110 V 60 Hz
North Korea A, C, F
220 V 50 Hz
C NEK EN 50075
Norway 230 V 50 Hz
F NEK 502
Oman C?[5] G 240 V 50 Hz
C, D, G,
Pakistan 230 V 50 Hz
M
Palau A, B 120 V 60 Hz
110 V
Panama A, B 60 Hz
120 V
Papua New
I 240 V 50 Hz
Guinea
Paraguay C ?[5] 220 V 50 Hz
Talara
A, B, 110/220 V;
Peru 220 V 60 Hz
C ?[5] some areas
50 Hz[31]
Power cords
with type A or
B plugs which
Philippines A, B 220 V 60 Hz are rated at
only 125 V
may present a
safety hazard.
Poland C, E BN88/3064 230 V 50 Hz
Portugal C, F NP 1260 230 V 50 Hz
Puerto Rico A, B 120 V 60 Hz
Qatar D, G 240 V 50 Hz
Réunion E 220 V 50 Hz
Romania C, F 230 V 50 Hz
USSR (along
with much of
Eastern
Europe) used
GOST sockets
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with 4.0 mm
Russia C, F 230 V[18] 50 Hz pins similar to
Type C plugs
and the
4.8 mm
standard used
by Type E &
F.[32]
Rwanda C, J 230 V 50 Hz
Saint Helena,
Ascension
G 220240 V 50 Hz
and Tristan
da Cunha
Dutch Sint
Maarten 120
120 V V, 60 Hz;
St. Martin C, F 60 Hz
220 V French Saint
Martin 230 V,
60 Hz;
St. Kitts and A, B, D, 110 V
60 Hz
Nevis G 230 V
St. Lucia G 240 V 50 Hz
Saint Pierre
and E 230 V 50 Hz
Miquelon
St. Vincent
C, E, G,
and the 230 V 50 Hz
I, K
Grenadines
Samoa I 230 V 50 Hz
San Marino C, F, L 230 V 50 Hz
São Tomé
C, F 220 V 50 Hz
and Príncipe
A, B SASO 2204 127 V
Saudi Arabia 60 Hz
G SASO 2203 220 V
C, D, E,
Senegal 230 V 50 Hz
K
C JUS N.E3.552
Serbia 230 V 50 Hz
F JUS N.E3.553
Seychelles G 240 V 50 Hz
Sierra Leone D, G 230 V 50 Hz
C ?[5]
Singapore G SS 145 230 V 50 Hz
M SS 472
Slovakia C, E STN 34 4516 230 V 50 Hz
Slovenia C, F 230 V 50 Hz
Solomon
I, G 220 V 50 Hz
Islands
Somalia C ?[5] 220 V 50 Hz
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See also
AC power Industrial and multiphase power plugs and sockets
AC power plugs and sockets List of current systems for electric rail traction
Alternating current Mains electricity
Deltawye transformer NEMA connector
Electrical wiring Telephone plug
Electricity
References
1. World Plugs (http://www.iec.ch/worldplugs/) Retrieved on 20140101.
2. SPLN 1 : 1995, Standar PLN. "Tegangantegangan Standar". Retrieved 1 December 2013.
3. IEC/TR 60083 ed6.0: Plugs and socketoutlets for domestic and similar general use standardized in member countries of IEC.
International Electrotechnical Commission, February 2009. This 384page technical report describes many national standards for
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domestic plugs and sockets. The first edition was published in January 1957. The 7th edition was approved in December 2012
and awaits publication as at 20th January 2015.
4. IEC 608841 ed3.2, Plugs and socketoutlets for household and similar purposes Part 1: General requirements, CH:
International Electrotechnical Commission, 2013
5. "IEC World Plugs" lists the following territories as using Type C only: Angola, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Mauritania, Paraguay,
Somalia, Togo. It also lists the following territories as using Type C without compatible socket types: Argentina, Bolivia,
Cambodia, China, Gibraltar, India, Iraq, Isle of Man, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mauritius, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Peru,
Singapore, Sudan, United Arab Emirates, Vietnam, Zambia. |World Plugs (http://www.iec.ch/worldplugs/)
6. "Electric Current Abroad" (PDF). U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration. 2002.
7. "Universal socketoutlets – friend or foe?" (PDF), SwitchedOn, United Kingdom: Electrical Safety Council (issue 29, Summer
2013): 14–15, 2013, retrieved 20150123
8. Notification Reference: A12/0135/13 (online report), Weekly overview report of RAPEX notifications Report 5 (Ref. 6
A12/0135/13), Brussels, Belgium: European Commission, 8 February 2013, retrieved 20160408
9. Plugs and socketoutlets for household and similar purposes – Part 1: General requirements (PDF) (Technical report) (3.2
Consol. with am1&2 ed.). Geneva, Switzerland: International Electrotechnical Commission IEC. 14 February 2013. pp. ???. IEC
608841. Retrieved 20150123.
10. ANSI/NEMA WD 62012 (Technical report). Wiring Devices—Dimensional Specifications. USA: NEMA. 31 July 2013. 100208.
Retrieved 20150123. "Covers dimensional requirements for plugs and receptacles rated up to 60 A and 600 V, including
dimensions for wall plates."
11. Plugs and socketoutlets for domestic and similar general use standardized in member countries of IEC (PDF) (Technical report)
(6.0 ed.). Geneva, Switzerland: International Electrotechnical Commission IEC. 23 February 2009. p. ?. IEC/TR 60083.
Retrieved 20150123.
12. IEC 6155825 includes the following definitions: (3.1.101) Shaver transformer: isolating transformer for fixed installation and
with a limited output, designed to supply electric shavers, toothbrushes, and similar appliances rated 50 VA or less used in a
bathroom. It supplies only one shaver, or the like, at a time and (3.1.102) Shaver supply unit: accessory embodying a shaver
transformer or a power supply unit incorporating a shaver transformer, and one or more socket outlets allowing the use of only
one plug at a time.
13. [1] (http://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/ocm02862708). Retrieved on 20131214.
14. [2] (http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4263654). Retrieved on 20131214.
15. [3] (http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4263653). Retrieved on 20131214.
16. AS600382012 Standards Australia – Standard Voltages
17. When voltage varies (http://electricalconnection.com.au/article/10017796/whenvoltagevaries). Electrical connection (201210
22). Retrieved on 20140524.
18. http://docs.cntd.ru/document/gost2932292
19. "Curaçao Electricity". Curaçao Tourist Board. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
20. DS 608842D1:2011 (http://webshop.ds.dk/groupproduct/18331/M256855/29electricalengineering29120electricalaccessorie
s2912030plugssocketoutletscouplers/ds608842d12011.aspx)
21. History of Guyana Power and Light (http://www.gplinc.net/about/history). Gplinc.com. Retrieved on 20140101.
22. GPL Converting Parts of the City to 60 Hz, retrieved 2009 July 31 (http://www.stabroeknews.com/2009/news/local/07/10/gplco
nvertingpartsofcityto60hz/). Stabroeknews.com (20090710). Retrieved on 20140101.
23. "Code of Practice for the Electricity (Wiring) Regulations" (PDF). Electrical and Mechanical Services Department. p. 221.
Retrieved 28 May 2016.
24. IS 1293 (https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S05/is.1293.2005.pdf)
25. I.S. 401, "Safety requirements for rewirable and nonrewirable 13A fused plugs for normal and rough use having insulating
sleeves on live and neutral pins", NSAI (National Standards Authority of Ireland), (1997), Dublin
26. [4] (http://www.cemmacau.com/IMG/pdf/SupplyElec2009.pdf). Standard Conditions of Supply of Electricity. (Macau)
Retrieved on 20160414
27. [5] (http://www.st.gov.my/index.php/policies/standards/electricalequipment/8policies/155plugtopplug15aandbelow.html)
Plug Top/Plug (15 A and below) Energy Commission of Malaysia.
28. [6] (http://www.st.gov.my/images/article/polisi/guidelines/guidelines%20for%20electrical%20wiring%20in%20residential%20bui
ldings%20.pdf) Energy Commission of Malaysia.
29. [7] (http://www.st.gov.my/index.php/policies/circulars/electricalsafety/8policies/144voltannominal.html). Malaysian Energy
Commission Notice (Nominal Voltage undated). Retrieved on 20140714
30. [8] (http://www.st.gov.my/index.php/policies/standards/electricalequipment/8policies/162socketoutlet15aandbelow.html)
Socket Outlet (15 A and below) Energy Commission of Malaysia. (MS 1579:2003 is adaptor for Europlugs.)
31. Dilwyn Jenkins, The Rough Guide to Peru 2003 Rough Guides, ISBN 1843530740, p. 57
32. ГОСТ 7396.1–89 (http://elec.ru/library/gosts_e71/gost_7396_189.pdf). Elec.ru (20130130). Retrieved on 20130205.
33. "Information SEV 1011 – power socket/plug/connector" (PDF). esti.admin.ch (PDF). Federal Inspectorate for Heavy Current
Installations ESTI, Swiss Confederation. 1 August 2011. Retrieved 20140822.
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34. "New standard for plugs in Switzerland starting from 2013" (PDF) (PDF). Federal Inspectorate for Heavy Current Installations
ESTI, Swiss Confederation. 13 May 2011. Retrieved 20140822.
35. TIS 1662549 (2006): Plugs and socketoutlets for household and similar purposes : plugs and socketoutlets with rated voltage
not exceeding 250 (https://law.resource.org/pub/th/ibr/th.cs.166.e.2549.pdf) (English translation)
36. TIS 1662549 (2006) (http://app.tisi.go.th/notices/pdf/TIS1662549.pdf) (Original Thai)
37. ДСТУ ЕN 50160:2014 (http://www.ex.ua/get/316051790311/182301856)
38. Geoff Cronshaw: The 17th edition: a brief overview (http://electrical.theiet.org/wiringmatters/23/17thoverview%20.cfm?type=p
df)
39. The Electricity Safety, Quality and Continuity Regulations 2002 PART VII Regulation 27, UK: UK Government, 2002
External links
Electrical systems travel guide from Wikivoyage
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