COMPLEX NUMBER

Preface

The nature of the topic basically conceptual and to get the concepts you will have to study it
very minutely. Geometrical Interpretation of complex number will clear more concepts and a
very important concept of Complex Number is that it can be treated as Vector.

This book consists of theoritical & practical explanations of all the concepts involved in the
chapter. Each article followed by a ladder of illustration. At the end of the theory part, there
are miscellaneous solved examples which involve the application of multiple concepts of this
chapter.

Students are advised to go through all these solved examples in order to develope better
understanding of the chapter and to have better grasping level in the class.

Total No.of questions in Complex Number are -

In Chapter Examples ................................................................. 15

Solved Examples ....................................................................... 25

Total No. of questions ............................................................. 40

75
1. THE REAL NUMBER SYSTEM
Natural Number (N) : The number which are
used for counting are known as Natural Number
(also known as set of Positive Integers) i.e.
N = {1, 2, 3, ........................}
Whole Number (W) : If ' 0 ' is included in the
set of natural numbers then we get the set of
Whole Numbers i.e.W = {0, 1, 2, .....................}
= {N} + {0}
(vii) The magnitude of a physical quantity may be
expressed as a real number times, a standard
unit.
(viii)Number ' 0 ' is an additive quantity
(ix) Number '1' is multiplicative quantity.
(x) Infinity () is the concept of the number
greater than greatest you can imagine. It is
not a number, it is just a concept, so we do
not associate equality with it.
(xi) Division by zero is meaning less.
(xii) A non zero integer p is called prime if
p ± 1 and its only divisors are ± 1 and ± p.

1.1 Modulus of a Real Number :

Integers (Z or I) :If negative natural number is
included in the set of whole number then we get The Modulus of a real number x is defined as
set of Integers i.e. follows
Z or I = {.............–3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3,.............} x = x when x > 0
0 when x = 0
Rational Numbers (Q) : The numbers which –x when x < 0
are in the form of p/q (Where p, q  I, q  0)
e.g. 3 = 3 6 = – (– 6) = 6
2 1
are called as Rational Number e.g.
3
, 3,
3
,
Now xa =
RSx  a when x  a
0.76, 1.2322 etc. T(x  a) when x  a

Irrational Numbers : The numbers which are not 1.2 Intervals : Let a, x, b are real number so that
rational i.e. which can not be expressed in p/q form or x  [a, b]  a  x  b
whose decimal part is non terminating non repeating [a,b] is known as the closed interval a, b
but which may represent magnitude of physical x  (a, b)  a < x < b
quantities. e.g. 2 , 51/3, , e,.....etc. (a, b) is known as the open interval a, b
x  (a, b]  a < x  b
Real Numbers (R) : The set of Rational and Irra- (a, b] is known as semi open, semi closed
tional Number is called as set of Real Numbers i.e. Interval
N  W  Z  Q  R x  [a, b)  a  x < b
[a, b) is known as semi closed, semi open
Note : Interval
(i) Number zero is neither positive nor negative
but is an even number. 2. IMAGINARY NUMBER
(ii) Square of a real number is always positive.
(iii) Between two real numbers there lie infinite Square root of a negative real number is an
real numbers. imaginary number, while solving equation x2 + 1
(iv) The real number system is totally ordered, = 0 we get x = ± 1 which is imaginary. So
for any two numbers a, b R , we must say, the quantity 1 is denoted by 'i' called 'iota'
either a < b or b < a or b = a.
thus i = 1
(v) All real number can be represented by points
on a straight line. This line is called as Further 2 , 3 ,  4 .....................may
number line. be expressed as ± i 2,±i 3 , ± 2i ................
(vi) An Integer (Note) is said to be even, if it is
2.1 Integral powers of iota
divided by 2 other wise it is odd number.
As we have seen i = 1 so i2 = – 1
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 i3 = – i and i4 = 1 Here if x = 0 the complex number is purely
Hence n  N , in
= i, – 1, – i, 1 attains four Imaginary and if y = 0 the complex number is
values according to the value of n, so purely Real.
i4n + 1 = i, i4n + 2 = – 1 A complex number may also be defined as an
i4n + 3 = – i, i4n or i4n + 4 = 1 ordered pair of real numbers any may be denoted
by the symbol (a, b). If we write z = (a, b) then
In other words in = (–1)n/2 if n is even integer
n 1 a is called the real part and b the imaginary part
in = (  1) 2 i if n is odd integer. of the complex number z.
Note :
Note :– (i) Inequalities in complex number are not
defined because 'i' is neither positive, zero
(i) i2 = i × i = 1 × 1  1
nor negative so 4 + 3i < 1 + 2i or i< 0
(ii) a . b = a . b possible iff both a, b are or i > 0 is meaning less.
non-negative. (incorrect). It is also true for (ii) If two complex numbers are equal, then their
one positive and one negative no. real and imaginary parts are separately equal.
e.g. (2)(3) =  2. 3 Thus if a + ib = c + id
 a = c and b = d
only invalid when both are negative means
so if z = 0 x + iy =0  x =0 and y = 0
a.b  a . b iff a & b both are negative.
The student must note that
(iii) ' i ' is neither positive, zero nor negative, Due
x, y  R and x, y  0. Then if
to this reason order relations are not defined
x + y = 0  x = y is correct
for imaginary numbers.
but x + i y = 0  x =– iy is incorrect
Hence a real number cannot be equal to the
Imaginary Numbers
imaginary number, unless both are zero.
Ex.1 Find the value of [i]198 (iii) The complex number 0 is purely real and
Sol. [i]198 = [i2]99 = [–1]99 = – 1 purely imaginary both.
Ans. 3.1 Representation of a Complex Number :
Ex.2 Find the value of in + in+1+ in+2 + in+3
(a) Cartesian Representation :
Sol. in + in+1+ in+2 + in+3
The complex number z = x + iy = (x, y) is
= in [1 + i + i2 + i3]
represented by a point P whose coordinates are
= in [1 + i – 1 – i] = in [0] =0
refered to rectangular axis xox´ and yoy´, which
Ans. are called real and imaginary axes respectively.
Ex.3 2 4 6
The sum of series i + i + i + .......(2n + 1) Thus a complex number z is represented by a
terms is - point in a plane, and corresponding to every point
(A) 0 (B) 1 in this plane there exists a complex number such
(C) n (D) – 1 a plane is called Argand plane or Argand diagram
Sol. Given series is a G.P. So, Sum of a G. P. is or complex plane or gussian plane.

i2 [1  (i2 ) 2n 1] ( 1)(1 (i) 4n  2 )

= 2 =
1 i 1 1
( 1)(1 1)
= = – 1 Ans.[D]
2
3. COMPLEX NUMBER

A number of the form z = x + iy where x, y R and

i = 1 is called a complex number where x is
called as real part and y is called imaginary part
of complex number and they are expressed as
Re ( z ) = x, Im ( z ) = y
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Note : Cancellation Law :
(i) Distance of any complex number from the
origin is called the modulus of complex
UV  z
z1  z 2  z1  z 3
 z3
z z z z W
2
2 1 3 1
number and is denoted by |z|. Thus,
z z z z U
 0 z z z z V  z
|z| = x2  y 2 . 1 2 1 3
 z3
(ii) Angle of any complex number with positive
and z1
2 W 1 3 1
2

direction of x-axis is called amplitude or Distributivity : z1 (z2 + z3) = z1 z2 + z1 z3

argument of z. Thus, amp (z) = arg (z) =  and (z2 + z3) z1 = z2 z1 + z3 z1
y
= tan–1 . 3.3 Conjugate Complex Number :
x
The complex numbers z = (a, b) = a + ib and
(b) Polar Representation : If z = x + iy is a z = (a, – b) = a – ib where b  0 are said to be
complex number then z = r (cos  + i sin ) complex conjugate of each other (Here the
is a polar form of complex number z where complex conjugate is obtained by just changing
x = r cos , y = r sin  and r = x2  y 2 = |z|. the sign of i) e.g.conjugate of z = – 3 + 4i is
z = – 3 – 4i.
(c) Exponential Form : If z = x + iy is a complex
Note : Image of any complex number in x-axis is
number then its exponential form is z = r ei
where r is modulas and  is amplitude of called its conjugate.
complex number.
3.3.1 Properties of Conjugate Complex Number
(d) Vector Representation : If z = x + iy is a
complex number such that it represent point Let z = a + ib and z = a – ib then
P(x, y) then its vector representation is (i) b zg= z

(ii) z + z = 2a = 2 Re (z) = purely real
z = OP
(iii) z – z = 2ib = 2i Im (z) = purely imaginary
3.2 Algebraic operations with Complex Number: (iv) z z = a2 + b2 = |z|2
Addition (a + ib) + (c + id) = (a + c) + i (b + d)
(v) z1  z2 = z1 + z 2
Subtraction (a + ib)–(c + id) = (a – c) + i (b – d)
Multiplication (a + ib) (c + id)= ac +iad +ibc+i2bd (vi) z1  z2 = z1 – z 2
=(ac – bd) + i (ad + bc) i
(vii) re = re–i

Division
a  ib
c  id
=
(a  ib)(c  id)
(c  id)(c  id)
FG z IJ
1 z1

(when at least one of c and d is non zero)

(viii)
Hz K 2
= z
2

( ac  bd) (bc  ad)

(ix) zn = b zg n

= + i
c 2  d2 c 2  d2 (x) z1 z2 z1 z 2 =
3.2.1 Properties of Algebraic operations (xi) z + z = 0 or z = – z
with Complex Number  z = 0 or z is purely imaginary
Let z, z1, z2 and z3 are any complex number (xii) z = z  z is purely real
then their algebraic operation satisfy following
properties- Complex Number
Commutativity : z1 + z2 = z2 + z1 & z1 z2 = z2z1
Ex.4 If(x + iy) (2 – 3i) = 4 + i, then-
Associativity : (z1+ z2) + z3 = z1 + (z2 + z3)
(A) x = –14/13, y = 5/13
and (z1 z2) z3 = z1(z2 z3) (B) x = 5/13, y = 14/13
Identity element : If O = (0, 0) and 1 = (1, 0) (C) x = 14/13, y = 5/13
then z + 0 = 0 + z = z and z.1 = 1. z = z.
(D) x = 5/13, y = –14/13
Thus 0 and 1 are the identity elements for addition
and multiplication respectively. 4 i (4  i)(2  3i) 5  14i
Sol. x + iy = = =
Inverse element : Additive inverse of z is – z 2 3i 13 13
1  x = 5/13, y = 14/13.
and multiplicative inverse of z is . Ans.[B]
z
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Ex.5 The polar form of – 1 + i is- Sol. Let z = x + iy then
(A) 2 (cos  / 4 + i sin  / 4) z 1 x  iy  1 ( x  1)  iy
(B) = =
2 (cos 5 / 4 + i sin 5 / 4) z1 x  iy  1 ( x  1)  iy

(C) 2 (cos 3 / 4 + i sin 3 /4) ( x  1)  iy ( x  1)  iy

= ×
( x  1)  iy ( x  1)  iy
(D) 2 (cos  / 4 – i sin  / 4)
x2  1 iy ( x  1)  iy( x  1)  y 2
Sol.   1  i = 2 , amp (– 1 + i) = – /4 = 3/4 =
( x  1) 2  y 2

  –1 + i = 2 (cos 3 / 4 + i sin 3 / 4) ( x2  1 y 2 )  i [2 x y]

=
Ans. [C] ( x  1) 2  y 2
If it is purely Imaginary
1
Ex.6 The conjugate of is - x 2  1 y 2
3  4i
= 0
1 ( x  1) 2  y 2
(A) (3 – 4i) (B) (3 + 4i)
25
 x2 + y2 – 1 = 0
1
(C) (3 – 4i) (D) None of these  x2 + y2 = 1
25
1 3  4i which is the equation of a circle.
1
Sol. = = (3 – 4i) Ans.[A]
3  4i (3  4i)(3  4i) 25
Ex.9 If A  1 + 2i, B  –3 + i, C  – 2 – 3i and
F 1 IJ
conjugate of G
1 D  2 – 2i are vertices of a quadrilateral, then
H 3  4iK =
25
(3 + 4i).
it is a
Ans. [B] (A) rectangle (B) parallelogram
(C) square (D) rhombus
3  2 i sin 
Ex.7 If is purely real, then is equal to-  A  (1, 2); B  (–3, 1); C  (–2, –3); D  (2, –2)
1 2 i sin 
 AB2 = 16 + 1 = 17, BC2 = 1 + 16 = 17
(A) n± /6 (B) n
CD2 = 16 + 1 = 17, AC2 = 9 + 25 = 34
(C) 2n ±  /3 (D) n  ±  /3
BD2 = 25 + 9 = 34.
3  2 i sin  1 2 i sin  Now since AB = BC = CD and AC = BD
Sol. Given ×
1 2 i sin  1 2 i sin   ABCD is square. Ans.[C]

3  6i sin   2i sin   4 sin2 

= 4. MODULUS OF A COMPLEX NUMBER
1 4 sin2 
If z = x + iy then modulus of z is equal to
3  4 sin 2   8 i sin 
= x2  y 2 and it is denoted by |z|. Thus
1 4 sin 2 
z = x + iy  |z| = x2  y 2
If it is purely real then

8 sin  Note :
2 = 0  sin  = 0   = n  Modulus of every complex number is a non
1 4 sin 
negative real number.
Ans.[B]
z 1 4.1 Properties of modulus of a Complex Number
Ex.8 If Complex Number is purely imaginary (i) |z|  0
z1
then locus of z is - (ii) – |z|  Re (z)  |z|
(A) a circle (B) a straight line (iii) – |z| Im (z)  |z|
(C) a parabola (D) None of these (iv) |z| = | z |= |– z| = |– z |

79
 (v) z z = |z|2  |x + iy – 3i| = |x + iy + 3i|
(vi) |z1 z2| = |z1| |z2|  x2  ( y  3) 2 = x2  ( y  3) 2
z1 z1  12 y = 0
(vii) = (z2  0)
z2 z2  y = 0, which is equation of x - axis
(viii) |z|n = |zn|, n  N Ans.[A]
1
(ix) |z| = 1  z =
z 5. AMPLITUDE OR ARGUMENT OF A COMPLEX
z NUMBER
(x) z –1 = 2
z The amplitude or argument of a complex number
(xi) |z1 ± z2|2 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 ± 2Re (z1 z 2) z is the inclination of the directed line segment
(xii) |z1+z2|2 + |z1–z2|2 =2 [|z1|2 + |z2|2] representing z, with real axis.
(xiii) |rei|= r

Modulus of a Complex Number

If z = x + iy then

Ex.10 The modulus of z=

e1 i 3 j (cos   i sin ) is-
2(1 i)(cos   i sin )
1 1
FG y IJ
(A)
3 2
(B)
3
amp (z) = tan–1 H xK
For finding the argument of any complex number
1
(C) (D) 1 first check that the complex number is in which
2
quadrant and then find the angle  and amplitude
|1 i 3 | |cos   i sin  |
Sol. |z| = using the adjacent figure.
2 |1 i| |cos   i sin  |
2 1
= = Ans.[C]
2 2 2

Ex.11 If for any complex number z, |z – 4| < |z – 2|,

then
(A) R(z) > 2 (B) R(z) < 0
(C) R(z) > 0 (D) R(z) > 3
Sol. Let z = x + iy, then
Note :
|z – 4| < |z – 2|
 (x – 4)2 + y2 < (x – 2)2 + y2 (i) Principle value of any complex number lies
 – 4x < – 12   x > 3 between – <   
(ii) Amplitude of a complex number is a many
 R(z) > 3 Ans.[D]
valued function. If  is the argument of a
z  3i
Ex.12 If = 1 then the locus of z is - complex number then (2n + ) is also
z  3i
argument of complex number.
(A) x axis (iii) Argument of zero is not defined.
(B) x – y = 0
(iv) If a complex number is multiplied by iota (i)
(C) Circle passing through origin
its amplitude will be increased by /2 and
(D) y axis
will be decreased by /2, if is multiplied by –i.
Sol. Let z = x + iy then
(v) Amplitude of complex number in I and II
z  3i quadrant is always positive and in III and IV
= 1  |z – 3i| = | z + 3i|
z  3i is always negative.
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5.1 Properties of argument of a Complex Number 3 i 3 i
Ex.15 If z = + then arg (zi) is-
(i) amp (any real positive number) = 0 2i 2i
(A) –  (B) 
(ii) amp (any real negative number) = 
 
(iii) amp (z – z ) = ± /2 (C) (D) –
2 2
(iv) amp (z1 . z2) = amp (z1) + amp (z2) 3 i 3 i
Sol. z = +
Fz I 2i 2i
amp G z J
1
(v)
H K 2
= amp (z1) – amp (z2)
=
(3  i)(2  i)  (3  i)(2  i)
(2  i)(2  i)
(vi) amp ( z ) = – amp (z) = amp (1/ z)  z = 2   (iz) = 2i, which is the positive
(vii) amp (– z) = amp (z) ±  Imaginary quantity
(viii) amp (zn) = n amp (z) 
 arg (iz) = Ans.[D]
(ix) amp (iy) = /2 if y > 0 2
= – /2, if y < 0
6. SQUARE ROOT OF A COMPLEX NUMBER
(x) amp (z) + amp ( z ) = 0
The square root of z = a + ib is -
LM z a z a OP
Amplitude of a Complex Number i
a  ib = ± MN 2 2 PQ for b > 0

a  ib LM z a z a OP
Ex.13 The amplitude of is equal to- i
a  ib and ± MN 2 2 PQ for b < 0
Fa 2
 b2 I F 2ab I
(A) tan–1 GH a JK (B) tan–1 GH a  b JK Note :
2
b 2 2 2
FG 1  i IJ
F 2ab I F a b I
2 2
(i) The square root of i is ±
H 2 K (Here b = 1)
(C) tan–1GH a  b JK2 (D) tan
2
–1 GH 2ab JK FG 1  iIJ
F a  ibIJ = amp (a + ib) – amp (a – ib)
(ii) The square root of – i is ±
H 2 K (Here b = –1)
amp G
Sol.
H a  ib K (iii) The square root of  is ± 2
(iv) The square root of 2 is ± 
F bI
= tan G J – tan G  J
F bI
HaK
–1
H aK –1

L 2(b / a) OP F 2ab I 7. TRIANGLE INEQUALITIES

= tan M GH a  b JK (i) |z1 ± z2|  |z1| + |z2|
MN1 (b / a ) PQ
–1 = tan
2 2
–1
2 2
(ii) |z1 ± z2|  |z1| – |z2|
Ans.[B]
1 8. MISCELLANEOUS RESULTS
Ex.14 If z = then arg ( z ) is -
i
(i) If ABC is an equilateral triangle having

(A)  (B) – vertices z1, z2 , z3 then z 12 + z22 + z3 2
2 = z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1

(C) 0 (D) 1 1 1
2 or + + = 0.
1 1 i i z1  z2 z2  z3 z3  z1
Sol. z = = × = = – i (ii) If z1, z2, z3, z4 are vertices of parallelogram
i i i 1
then z1 + z3 = z2 + z4.
 z = i, which is the positive Imaginary quantity
(iii) Let z1 = x1 + iy1 and z2 = x2 + iy2 be two

 arg ( z ) = Ans.[D] complex numbers represented by points P
2 and Q respectively in Argand Plane then -

81
  
PQ = ( x2  x1 ) 2  ( y 2  y1 ) 2 = arg. PR – arg PQ
= | (x2 – x1) + i (y2 –y1) | = |z2 – z1| FG z 3 z1 IJ
(iv) If a point P divides AB in the ratio of m : n,
= arg
Hz 
2 z1 K
mz2  nz1
then z = where z1, z2 and z
mn
represents the point A, B and P respectively.
(v) |z – z1| = |z – z2| represents a
perpendicular bisector of the line segment
joining the points z1 and z2.
(vi) Let P be any point on a circle whose centre
C and radius r, let the affixes of P and C be (a) If z1, z2, z3 are collinear, thus   = 0
z and z0 then |z – z0| = r. z3  z1
(a) Again if |z – z0| < r represent interior of therefore z  z is purely real.
2 1
the circle of radius r.
(b) |z – z0| > r represent exterior of the circle (b) If z1, z2, z3 are such that PR  PQ,
of radius r. z3  z1
 =  / 2 So z  z is purely imaginary.
(vii) Let z1, z2, z3 be the affixes of P, Q, R 2 1

respectively in the Argand Plane. Then from

the figure the angle between PQ and PR is.
 = 2  – 1

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 SOLVED EXAMPLES
Ex.1 2 3 is equal to - FG 1 , 1IJ , then the value of z
(A) i 6 (B) – 6
Ex.4 If z = H2 K –1
is-

(C) 6 (D) None of these  2 4 1 2

(A)   ,  (B)  5 ,  5 
 5 5  
Sol. 2 × 3 = 2i × 3i
 1 2 2 4
= 6 ( i ) = – 6 (C)  ,  (D)  ,  
2

Ans.[B] 5 5 5 5

z (1/ 2)  i 2 4
Ex.2 If x be real , the relation in a and b , when Sol. z–1 = 2 = = – i
|z| (1/ 2)2  1 5 5
1  ix
= a – ib , is 2 4
1  ix
=  ,  Ans.[D]
(A) ab = 1 2
(B) a – b = 12 5 5
(C) a2 + b2 = 1 (D) None of these

1  ix   
tan   i  sin  cos 
Sol.  = a – ib  2 2
1  ix Ex.5 If is purely imaginary

on taking modulus; we get 1  2i sin
2
1  ix then general value of  is -
| a – ib | =
1  ix 

(A) n + (B) 2n +
1  ix | 1  ix | 4 4
 a 2  b 2 = 1  ix = | 1  ix | = 1  
(C) n + (D) 2n +
2 2
 a2 + b 2 = 1 Ans.[3]
Sol. Multiply above and below by conjugate of
denominator and put real part equal to zero.
Ex.3 If the vertices of any quadrilateral are
A = 1+ 2i, B = –3 + i, C = –2 – 3i , and    
tan   i  sin  cos  1  2i sin
D = 2 – 2i, then it is-  2 2 2
= × =
 
(A) Parallelogram (B) Rhombus 1  2i sin 1  2i sin
(C) Square (D) Rectangle 2 2
      
Sol. A = (1, 2), B = (–3, 1) tan   2 sin  sin  cos   i sin  cos  2 tan  sin 
2 2 2  2 2 2
C = (–2,–3), D = (2, –2) 
1  4 sin2
17 2
 AB = ( 3  1) 2  (1  2)2 =
  sin   cos  
 tan  – 2 sin   = 0
BC = 2
( 2  3)  ( 3  1) 2 = 17 2  2 2
sin 
CD = (2  2) 2  ( 2  3) 2 = 17  – (1 – cos ) – sin  = 0
cos 
DA = (1  2) 2  (2  2) 2 = 17  1  cos  
 sin    – (1 – cos ) = 0
 cos  
Diagonal AC = ( 2  1) 2  ( 3  2) 2 = 34
 (1 – cos ) (tan  – 1) = 0
and BD = (2  3 ) 2  ( 2  1) 2 = 34 cos  = 1   = 2n and
 AB = BC = CD = DA and AC = BD 
tan  = 1   = n + Ans.[A]
 ABCD is a square Ans.[3] 4

83
Ex.6 For any two non real complex numbers z1, z2 Sol. Given points are A(3, 4), B(5, –2) and C(– 1, 16).
if z1 + z2 and z1z2 are real numbers, then  24
Now slope of AB = = – 3
(A) z1 = 1/z2 (B) z1 = z2 53
(C) z1 = –z2 (D) z1 = z2 16  2
slope of BC = = – 3
Sol. Let z1 = a + ib and z2 = c + id (b  0, d  0).  1 5
Then z1 + z2 and z1z2 are real  slope of AB = slope of BC
 b + d = 0 and ad + bc = 0   A, B, C are collinear. Ans.[A]
 d = – b and c = a(  b  0, d  0)
 z1 = z2 Ans.[B] Ex.10 If complex numbers z1, z2 and 0 are vertices
of an equilateral triangle, then z12 + z22 – z1z2
Ex.7 In a complex plane z1, z2, z3, z4 taken in is equal to-
order are vertices of parallelogram if (A) 0 (B) z1 – z2
(C) z1 + z2 (D) 1
(A) z1 + z2 = z3 + z4 (B) z1 + z3 = z2 + z4
(C) z1 + z4 = z2 + z3 (D) None of these Sol. z 1, z 2, 0 are vertices of an equilateral
Sol. Let the given points be A, B, C, D respectively. triangle, so we have
Then ABCD is a parallelogram, so - z12 + z22 + 02 = z1z2 + z2.0 + 0.z1
  (a property)
AB = DC  z1 + z2 = z1z2
2 2

 z2 – z1 = z3 – z4  z12 + z22 – z1z2 = 0.

 z1 + z3 = z2 + z4 Ans.[B] Ans. [A]

z  (1 / 5 )i
Ex.8 The complex numbers sin x + i cos 2x and Ex.11 If w = and | w | = 1, then complex
z
cos x – i sin 2x are conjugate to each other
number z lies on
when-
(A) a parabola (B) a circle
FG n  1IJ (C) a line (D) None of these
(A) x = 0 (B) x = H 2K 
Sol. | w | = 1   | z – (1/5)i | = | z |
(C) x = n (D) no value of x
 | z – (1/5)i |2 = | z |2
Sol. sin x + i cos 2x = cos x + i sin 2x
 | x + iy – 1/5i |2 = | x + iy |2
 tan x = 1 and tan 2x = 1
 x2 + (y – 1/5)2 = x2 + y2
 n   – 2/5y + 1/25 = 0
 x = n  + and x = +
4 2 8  10y = 1, which is a line.
RS..., 7 ,  3 ,  , 5 , 9 ,.....UV Ans.[C]
 x  
T 4 4 4 4 4 W Ex.12 If complex numbers z1, z2, z3 represent the
R 7 ,  3 ,  , 5 , 9 ,.....UV
  S...,
vertices of an equilateral triangle such that
T 8 8 8 8 8 W |z1| = |z2| = |z3| ;then-
 there is no common value of x. (A) I(z1 + z2 + z3) = 0 (B) z1 + z2 + z3 = 0
Ans.[D] (C) R(z1 + z2 + z3) =0 (D) None of these
Sol. Let A, B, C denote complex numbers z1, z2, z3.
Ex.9 If A, B and C are respectively the complex Then | z1 | = |z2 | = | z3 | OA = OB = OC
numbers 3 + 4i, 5 – 2i, – 1 + 16i, then A,  O is the circumcentre of  ABC
B, C are-  O is the centroid of  ABC
(A) collinear (  it is equilateral)
(B) vertices of right-angle triangle    
 OA + OB + OC = 0
(C) vertices of isosceles triangle
(D) vertices of equilateral triangle  z1 + z2 + z3 = 0
Ans.[B]

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Ex.13 If z1,z2 are any two complex numbers and a,
FG    IJ
b are any two real numbers, then
|az1 – bz2|2 + |bz1 + az2|2 is equal to-
= – tan H 2 2K
(A) (a2 + b2)(|z1 |2 + |z2 |2) FG    IJ
(B) a2b2(|z1|2 + |z2|2) or tan   = tan H 2 2K
(C) (a + b)2(|z1|2 + |z2|2)  
(D) None of these  amp(z) = – Ans.[C]
2 2
Sol. Expression
= (az1–bz2) (az1  bz 2 ) +(bz1 + az2) (bz1  az2 ) Ex.16 If xn = cos ( /2n) + i sin (/2n) , then
x1x2 x3........... is equal to-
= (az1– bz2)(a z1 – b z2 ) (A) – 1 (B) 1
(C) 0 (D) 
+ (bz1 + az2) (b z1 + a z2 )
Sol. x1x2 x3 .......
= a2 |z1 |2 + b2 | z2 |2 + b2 |z1|2 + a2 |z2|2
= (a2 + b2) (|z1 |2 + | z2 |2) FG       .........IJ
Ans.[A]
= cos H2 2 22 3 K
FG       .........IJ
Ex.14 If z = x + iy, and if log
| z |2  | z | 1
< 2
+ i sin H2 2 2 2 3 K Ans.[A]
3 2 | z |
then z lies in the interior of the circle
Ex.17 If z1 = 10 + 6i, z2 = 4 + 6i and z is a complex
(A) |z| = 4
(C) |z| = 2
(B) |z| = 3
(D) |z| = 5
FG z  z IJ
1 
number such that amp
H z z K
2
=
4
,

log | z |2  | z | 1 then |z – 7 – 9i| is equal to-

Sol. < 2
3 2 | z |
(A) 2 2 (B) 2
| z |2  | z | 1
 < ( 3 )2 (C) 3 2 (D) 2 3
2 | z |
 |z|2 – |z| +1 < 6 + 3 |z|
 |z|2 – 4|z| – 5 < 0
FG z  z IJ1 
(|z| – 5) (|z| + 1)  (|z| – 5) < 0
Sol. If z = x + iy, then amp
H z z K2
=
4
since |z| +1 > 0  |z| < 5  x + y – 14x – 18y + 112 = 0 ...(1)
2 2

Hence z lies inside the circle |z| = 5 Now |z – 7 – 9i|

Ans.[D] = x2  y 2  14 x  18 y  130

Ex.15 The amplitude of 1 – cos  – i sin  is - = 3 2. (from 1) Ans.[C]

1 
(A) ( –  ) (B) Ex.18 The polar form of complex number
2 2
    {cos(  / 3 )  i sin(  / 3)} ( 3  i)
(C) – + (D) + z = is-
2 2 2 2 i 1
Sol. Let
FG cos 7   i sin 7  IJ
z = 1 – cos   – i sin   r(cos  + i sin  ) (A) 2 H 12 12 K

 tan  = –
sin 
FG cos 13   i sin 13  IJ
1 cos  (B) 2 H 12 12 K
 2 sin(  / 2) cos ( / 2)
= FG cos 11  i sin 11 IJ
2 sin 2 ( / 2) (C) 2 H 12 12 K
= – cot ( / 2) (D) None of these
85
Sol. Here |z|
Sol. Let  8  6i = ± (a + ib)
|cos (  / 3)  i sin(  / 3)|| 3  i| 2  – 8 – 6i = a2 – b2 + 2iab
= = = 2
|i  1| 2  a 2 – b2 = – 8 ...[1]
Again amp(z) = amp {cos(/3) – i sin (/3)} 2ab = – 6  ab = – 3 ...[2]
+ amp ( 3 + i) – amp (– 1 + i) (a2 + b2)2 = (a2 – b2)2 + 4a2b2
= (–8)2 + (–6)2
  FG    IJ 11 = 64 + 36 = 100
= –
3
+
6
– H 4K = –
12  a2 + b2 = 10 ...[3]
Therefore from equation (2) and (3)
a = 1, b = –3
RScos FG  11 IJ  i sin FG  11 IJ UV
z = 2
T H 12 K H 12 K W So,  8  6i = ± (1 – 3i)
Ans.[C]
Rcos FG  11  2IJ  i sin FG  11  2IJ UV
2 S
=
T H 12 K H 12 K W Ex.21 If z = x + iy, z1/3 = a – ib and
x
a
–
y
b

Rcos FG 13 IJ  i sin FG 13 IJ UV = k(a2 – b2), then k equals -

2 S
T H 12 K H 12 K W
= (A) – 2 (B) 2
(C) 4 (D) 0
Ans.[B] Sol. Here x + iy = (a – ib)3
= (a3 – 3ab2) + i (–3a2b + b3)
 z1   x = a3 – 3ab2 , y = b3 – 3a2b
Ex.19 If |z1+ z2|2 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 then  z  is
 2 x y
 – = (a2 – 3b2) – (b2 – 3a2)
(A) zero or purely imaginary a b
(B) purely imaginary = 4(a2 – b2)
(C) purely real  k = 4 Ans.[C]
(D) None of these
Sol.  | z1 + z2 |2 = | z1 |2 | z2 |2 + 2 | z1 | |z2 |
Ex.22 The complex number z having least positive
cos (1 – 2)
argument which satisfy the condition
 |z – 25i |  15 is -
 If 1 – 2 = ± ;
2 (A) 25i (B) 12 + 25i
2
Then | z1 + z2 | = | z1 | 2
+ | z2 | 2 (C) 16 + 12i (D) 12 + 16i


i.e. Arg (z1) – Arg (z2) = ± Sol. The required complex number is point of
2
contact P as shown in the figure. C(0, 25)
is the centre of the circle and radius is 15.
 z1  
 Arg  z  = ± Now |z| = OP
 2 2
= OC 2  PC 2
z1
 z is purely imaginary Ans.[B] = 625  225 = 20
2
amp (z) =   =  XOP =  OCP
PC 15 3
Ex.20 Square root of – 8 – 6i is -  cos    = =
OC 25 5
(A) ± (3 + i) (B) ± (1 + i 3 ) OP 20 4
(C) ± (1 – 3i) (D) ± (1 + 3i) and sin  = = =
OC 25 5

86
 6
 2k 2k 
   sin 7
i cos
7 

k 1

 2i 4 i 
= – i e 7  e 7  ......6terms
 
 

 12 i 
2i
1  e 7 
= – ie 7  2i  ( e2 i  1)
 
 1  e 
7

FG 3  4 iIJ  2i 
 z = 20 H5 5 K  e 7 1 
= – i  2 i 
= i Ans.[D]
= 12 + 16i. Ans.[D]  
1  e 7 
Ex.23 If |z + 2i|  1, then greatest and least value
Ex.25 If z0 is the circumcenter of an equilateral triangle
of |z– 3 + i| are- with vertices z1, z2, z3, then z12 + z22 + z32 is
(A) 3, 1 (B) , 0 equal to
(C) 1, 3 (D) None of these 2
z0
(A) z02 (B) 2
Sol. |z – 3 + i| = |(z + 2i) – ( 3 + i)| 3
2
 |(z + 2i) |+| ( 3 + i)| z0
(C) 3 z02 (D)
3
 1 + 2 = 3
Sol. Since z1, z2, z3 , are vertices of an equilateral
The greatest value of |z– 3 + i | is 3. triangle, so
z12 + z22 + z32
Again |z – 3 + i|
= z1 z2 + z2z3 + z3z1 ...(1)
= | (z + 2i) – ( 3 + i)| Further the circumcenter of an equilateral
triangle is same as its centroid, so
 | 3 + i | – | z + 2i| z0 = (z1 +z2 + z3) /3
 2 – 1 = 1  9z02 = z12 + z22 + z32
Thus least value of |z – 3 + i | is 1. + 2 (z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1)
Ans.[A] = z12 + z22 + z32 + 2(z12 + z22 + z32)
 z12 + z22 + z32 = 3z02.
6
Ans.[C]
 2k 2k 
Ex.24 The value of   sin 7
i cos 
7  is -
k 1

(A) – i (B) 0
(C) – 1 (D) i

 2k 2k 
Sol.  sin  i cos 
 7 7 

2ki
 2k 2k 
= – i  cos  i sin  = – ie 7
 7 7 

87