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Python programs
Part – 3: Spirals

By
Nidhi Chopra

(nidhi.chopra@gmail.com)
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Preface

Python programs in this eBook merge geometry and

coding. Its inspiration came from mathematics. Python
has features and ability to make it possible & look good in
GUI.

Copyright

© Nidhi Chopra
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Index

S.No. Topic Page number

1 Introduction to Python 4
2 Basic Commands 5
3 Program 1: Ulam Spiral 6-9
4 Program 2: Euler Spiral 10-11
5 Program 3: Scribble 12-13
6 Exercise 1 13-16
7 References 17
8 About author 18
9 Coming soon 19
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Introduction to Python

Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming

language. It supports multiple programming paradigms,
including structured (particularly procedural), object-
oriented and functional programming. It is often
described as a "batteries included" language due to its
comprehensive standard library.
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Basic Commands

S.No. Command Abbreviation Output Examples

1 FORWARD fd Moves turtle forward for fd(100)

number of times
specified

2 BACK bk Moves turtle back for bk(100)

number of times
specified

3 RIGHT rt Turns turtle right for rt(90)

number of degrees
specified

4 LEFT lt Turns turtle left for lt(90)

number of degrees
specified

5 PENUP penup Sets the turtle to move penup()

without drawing

6 PENDOWN pendown Resets to a drawing pen pendown()

when ordered to move

7 CIRCLE circle Makes a circle or radius, circle(r)

r
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Program 1: Ulam Spiral

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Code 1: Ulam Spiral

import turtle
t = turtle.Turtle()
t.speed(0)

scale = 4
n=1
t.lt(180)

def prime(p):
flag = 1
if p == 1:
flag = -1 #skip 1, neither prime nor composite
print("1 is neither prime, nor composite")
if p >= 2:
for q in range (2, p):
if p % q == 0:
if p != q:
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flag = 0 # composite
print(p, "is composite")
break
if flag == 1:
t.circle(1) #for every i
print(p, " is prime")

for i in range(1, 1000):

for j in range(1, i):
#print(n)
prime(n)
n=n+1
t.penup()
t.fd(scale)
t.pendown()
t.lt(90)
for j in range(1, i):
#print(n)
prime(n)
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n=n+1
t.penup()
t.fd(scale)
t.pendown()
t.lt(90)
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Program 2: Euler or Cornu Spiral

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Code 2: Euler or Cornu Spiral

import turtle

t = turtle.Turtle()
sc = turtle.Screen()
sc.setup(1500,950)
t.speed(0)
scale = 40

for i in range(1000):
t.fd(1*scale)
t.lt(i)
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Program 3: Scribble
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Code 3: Scribble

# scribble / sun / sphere

import turtle

t = turtle.Turtle()
sc = turtle.Screen()
sc.setup(1500,950)
t.speed(0)
scale = 40
for i in range(215):
t.fd(i)
t.lt(i)
print(i)
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Exercise 1: Write a python code to draw the following 3

patterns (variations of the Ulam Spiral):

Diagonal of perfect squares (in ‘red’)

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Morphed prime spiral (all the prime numbers in ‘red’

will fall on the diagonal of all the odd numbers)
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Octagonal prime spiral (all the prime numbers will fall

on the diagonal of all the odd numbers)
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References:

1. Curve Stitching: The Art of Sewing Beautiful

Mathematical Patterns by John Millington, Tarquin,
1989
2. Wikipedia
3. Various academic (python programming language)
pages and channels on YouTube
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About author

Author, Nidhi Chopra is a writer and content creator.

1. Profile: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nidhic6/
2. Scribd:
https://www.scribd.com/user/383559092/Nidhi-
Chopra
3. YouTube channel:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGAeWP5UpRA
&list=PLo_zz3TwrM7EgNyBBNDsO5xWoRSS9vtN7
4. Facebook page:
https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.28827
60398664929&type=3
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Coming soon

Python programs – part 3