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Content
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Meaning
Mind Map Notes
Colorful Images
Question Bank Imp
Textbook Exercise
PYQ 2022 QUESTIONS
Shafaque Naaz
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 Shafaque Naaz

NOVEL: Youtube.com

A book that tells a story

about people and events
that can be real/unreal

non-fiction fiction
 History of Novel
18th Century
English Literature

The periodical Novel

Essay

lly
a
ci
pe
Es

Caught the spirit of 18th Century

Intellectual Realistic Plane

Sentimental Instruct reader

NOVEL
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Gaining polularity Most dominant

Growing gradually literary genre
 Meaning of Novel
A novel is a relatively long narrative fiction
which describes intimate human experiences
normally in a prose form Shafaque Naaz
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Derivation Of Novel
The word 'Novel' is derived from the Italian
word Novella which means 'New'

5 points to know about novel

1. A novel narrate a story and solution if with
more details of time place nature people
and their minds that gestured and
activities
2. Novel creates the picture of the society of
the time
3. Novel makes life easier to understand then
in Drama and poetry
4. Modern era novel has adopted literary
prose
5. Novel as a literary genre as a history of
about 2000 years

Greek Romances (Early Novel)

Among the early precursors of novel, a
collection of tales known as
Greek Romances(2nd to 6th century)
Tops the list Ideal love and
marvelous adventures
Imaginative Stories
Delightful stories Affected creative
writing for next 100
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Earlier thread of genre can be found in

Virgil's-- Ecologues
Malory's-- Morte De Arthur

Geoffrey Chaucer's--The Canterbury Tales

 World's First Novel
'Tale of Genji' written by
Murasaki Shikibu

European first Novel

'Don Quixote' written by Spanish writer
Miguel de Cerventes in 1605 &1615

In 18th Century

Newspaper Magazine

Attracted large number of MIDDLE CLASS

READER
Shafaque Naaz these readers had
Youtube.com little interest in

Romances Tradegies

These readers appreciated

UPPER CLASS READERS
Thus, need for a new type of literature arose
to express new ideas of the 18th Century
Characteristics/forgorund of new
type of literature includes:-
Spirit of realism
Denial of Romatic features like
enthusiasm, passion and imagination

In England (After 1740)

Novel originated as the literary form
Rise of Middle class take place due to:
Increase in Trade People occupy
Increase in commerce an
Industrial revolution elite status
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H O WED
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CT ED/S
DEPI E L
IN N O V
The realistic
picture appealed newly educated
of everyday life class and was regarded
and problems of them by as respected
common people reading material
 Novel designed for
middle class/lower class

To Voice their To meet their

aspirations longings/wish
At this time Drama and Poetry were
fading away because Novel was the
mixture/combination of

DRAMA+ POETRY+ EXTRA FEATURES

Novel Emcompasses the

Social, Political &

Scientific progress
cultural happening
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 Novelist of 18th Century
Major

Others- Henry Fielding, Lawrence Sterne &

Tibies Smollet
Stalwart Novelists
Charles Dickens, Walter Scott, Nathaniel
Hawthorne, Horace Walpole, Thomas Hardy,
Willkie Collins & H.G Wells.

r Novelist of 20th Century

Majo
.• E.M Forster
• James Joyce
Features-
• Joseph Conrad Modern Topics
•Henry James Innovative style
• George Orwell Widened angle
• Graham Greene of view
• D.H Lawrence such as pol, socio,
• William Golding
psycho
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• Anthony Burges
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Immigrant Authors/Novelist

Salman Rushdie (India)

V.S Naipaul (Trinidad)
Kazuo Ishigura (Japan),etc
Contribution of Women Novelist

•Evelina by Frances Burney

• Gothic Novels by Ann Radcliffs
• Frankenstein (novel on Science) by
Mary Shelly Shafaque Naaz
• Jane Austin Youtube.com

• The Wuthering Heights & Jane Eyre by

Bronte sisters Emily & Charlotte
• Psychological Novels by Mary Ann
Evans alias George Eliot
• Stream of consciousness technique by
Virginia Woolf
• Hercule poirot & Miss Marple (Crime
based Novels/Detectives) by Agatha
Christie
•Others: (Harper Lee, Margaret
Atwood, Toni Morrison, Alice Walker)
 Indian Scenario

First English language

Novel in India
'Rajmohans Wife' by
Bankim Chandra
Chattopadhyay.
(It was also Serialized in
'The Indian Field'

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Novels written by Indian Writers

Nationalist virtues Social issues

Major Trio Novelists were
👉 Mulkraj Anand
👉R.K Narayan
👉Raja Rao

Indian Novelist who changed the current of Indian

English Novel
👉Anita Desai
👉Nayantara Sahgal
👉Arun Joshi
👉Manohar Malgaonkar

India Novelist who created movie/ ameliorated on

indian novels by adding extra features
👉Amitav Ghosh Shafaque Naaz
👉Vikram Seth Youtube.com
👉Upamanyu Chatterjee

Dazzling performance by Indian Novelist include

👉Salman Rushdie
👉 Arvind Adiga
👉 Arundhati Roy
👉 Kiran Desai
👉 Kiran Nagarkar
The tradition of Indian English Novel has undergone a vital
change since its birth and has very bright future
 Novella
❄️Derivation of Novella
👉The word 'Novella' is derived from the
Italian Word 'Novelle'

❄️What is Novella?🤔
👉It is type of prose fiction which is shorter
than a full length novel and novel than short
stories
👉It is well structured yet short narrative
👉 Tone often is Satiric & realistic
👉 It focuses on one incident/issue with 1-2
main characters Shafaque Naaz
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❄️Famous Novellas
• The Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad
• The Turn of the Screw by Henry James
• Billy Budd by Hermann Melville
• Death in Venice by Thomas Mann
• Seize The Day by Saul Bellow
• Pearl by John Steinbeck
❄️Elements of Novellas/ Novel
👉 Theme
👉 Plot
👉 Character
👉 Setting
👉 Conflict
👉 Language/ Style
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1)Theme
• It is a central idea in the novel which can
be expressed in a nutshell
• It is philosophical statement or truth
2) Plot
• It is a story or the course of events that
make up the theme.
• It is created by the conflict either internal
or external
Plot can be

Simple Complex
(One plot) (many subplots)
3) Characters
Every story contains characters i the form
of people, birls, cartoon, robot, animal, etc

There are mainly two type of character

Main Character Minor Characters

(Always described in (Not given much
every aspect by importance about
writer) there details)

Protagonist (Hero) Shafaque Naaz

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Antagonist (Villain)

4) Settings
• settings is the background in which the story
takes place
• several aspects of the settings

Place Period Time Climate Weather Lifestyle

Plot & character are the two major
elements that are affected due to settings

5) Conflict
• The struggle between the opposite forces
in the story is called conflict.
• Conflict in the story provides interest and
curiosity about the plot
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6) Language/Style Youtube.com
The techniques used by the author for the
narration of the course/story of events is
known as the style

Techniques such as
👉 Extensive vocabulary & high phrases
👉Laconic/ remain to the point
👉Mix both
Types of Novel. (11 Types hai ok)

👉 Realistic novel
👉picaresque novel
👉 Historical novel
👉 Epistolary novel
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👉 Gothic novel Youtube.com

👉 Autobiographical novel
👉 Allegorical novel
👉 Utopian/ Dystopian novel
👉 Psychological novel
👉 Stream of consciousness
novel
👉 Bildungsroman novel
1) Realistic novel
• It gives the effect of realism
• Also called as novel of manner
• Characterized by its complex characters with
mixed motives that are rooted in the social class
• The Character in this novel undergo plausible and
everyday experiences

2) Picaresque novel
•Derivation👉 the word Picaresque is
originated/derived from the Spanish word 'picaro'
which means a rogue(Villain)
• it narrates the adventures of the protagonist,
who is an eccentric or a disreputable person, in an
episodic form
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3) Historical Novel
A Novel set in a period earlier than that of the
writing

4) Epistolary novel
• Derivation 👉 The word Epistolary derives from the
Latin word epistola which means a letter.
• In this novel, writer presents the narrative
through a series of correspondence, letters, or
diary entries
5) Gothic novel
• The novel that includes👇 following things called
as Gothic
Terror,Mystery, Horror,Thriller,Supernatural
Death, Doom, Decay, Haunted building

6) Autobiographical
• The autobiographical novel is the novel based on
the life of the author
• However, the author changes the places and
names of characters or even make change or avoid
certain details of his life
• It may or may not be in the first person narration
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7) Allegorical novel Youtube.com
• An allegory is a story that bears more than one
level of meaning
• The surface meaning of such novel is different
from the symbolic meaning of it
• The symbolic meaning of an allegory may be
Political , Religious , Historical, Philosophical

8) Utopian/ Dystopian
• Utopia is an imaginary community or society
possessing the ideal qualities
• It is a common literary theme, especially in
science fiction or speculative fiction
9) Psychological Novel
• Psychological novel is the work of fiction that
treates the internal life of the protagonist or
even the other characters

10) Stream of consciousness novel

• It means flow of thoughts
• Stream of consciousness, this phrase is coined
by William James in his treatise' principles of
psychology' (1890)
• Incidents in the plot are in the sequence of
their occurrences
• The novelist narrates them as they enter the
mind of the character
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11) Bildungsroman Novel
• its a German word which means Growth
• The fictional biography autobiography is
concerned with the growth of the protagonist's
mind, spirit and characters from their childhood
to adulthood
 In the first half of 20th Century
👉pulp magazines

Became Popular Printed o cheap

Pulp Paper
Building ground for

Detective Science
Novel Fiction
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• Detective Fiction
Its a subgenre of crime & mystery
fiction in which an investigator or a
detective-- he/she can be either
professional or amateur, investigates a
Crime, often a murder.
 Science Fiction
First Novel on Science👉 Frankenstein by
Mary Shelly (1823)

•Its a genre of speculative fiction with

imaginative concepts like
Futuristic setting, futuristic science&
technology, Time travel, Space travel,
parallel universes and extraterrestrial
life. Shafaque Naaz
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•it often explores the potential
consequences/ effects of scientific
innovations
• Science Fiction flourished in the 2nd half
of the 19th Century
 Let's Do practice Now!
Q. 5 A Complete the activities given below as per the
instructions.
1. Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the sentence:
i. Eighteenth century gifted mankind with....
a) Drama and poetry
b) Novel and drama
c) Poetry and novel
d) Novel and periodical essay

ii. Novel soon became dominant literary genre as it ....

a) Helped people to live a more purposeful life.
b) Caught the intellectual, sentimental and realistic spirit.
c) grew gradually and gained popularity.
d) All of these.

iii. Indian writers in English Novel initially wrote about the

theme of .....
a) Domestic violence.
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b) Nationalistic and Social virtues.
c) Scientific theories. Youtube.com
d) Psychological insights.

iv. Gothic novel contains .......

a) Terror and supernatural.
b) Mystery and thriller.
c) Horror and haunted buildings.
d) All of these.
 v. Strike out the unnecessary
Detective fiction is ....
a) A sub-genre of crime fiction.
b) Agatha Christie mastered the art of crime fiction.
c) Detectives can be professional or amateur.
d) Protagonist is a necessarily an eccentric person.

2. Fill in the blanks by choosing correct alternative.

1) A novel is relatively a ............narrative.
(Short / long /descriptive)

2) English word ‘Novel’ is derived from the Italian word .......

(Novella, Novelle, Novellus)

3) Geoffrey Chaucer wrote ......

(Morte De Arthur, The Canterbury Tales, Tale of Genji)

4) The Tale of Genji by Muraski Shikibu was published in the

year ......
(1010, 1605, 1050, 1600) Shafaque Naaz
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5) ‘The Pilgrims Progress’ is a Novel written by .....
(John Bunyan, Aphra Behn, Daniel Defoe)

6) .........is the pioneer of the ‘Stream of Consciousness’ novel.

(Agatha Christie, Jane Austen, Virginia Woolf)
7) The first Indian English novel ‘Rajmohan’s wife’ was written
by ...
(Mulkraj Anand, R.K.Narayan, Bankim Chandra
Chattopadhyaya)
8) Joseph Conrad wrote the novella named as .......
(Billy Budd, The Heart of Darkness, Pearl)

9) Science fiction is a genre of speculative fiction dealing

with.........
(Futuristic settings, death and decay, earlier period than of
writing)

10) The famous trio of Indian writers is ............

(Mulkraj Anand, R.K.Narayan, Raja Rao / Amitav Ghosh,
Manohar
Malgaonkar, Mulkraj Anand / Amitav Ghosh
,R.K.Narayan,Arvind Adiga)

3. Chronological Order
1. Write in chronological order
a) Murasaki Shikibu’s Tale of Genji
b) Greek Romances
c) The appearance of magazines and newspapers
d) Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales
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2. Write in chronological order Youtube.com
a) Industrial Revolution
b) Drama and Poetry started fading away
c) Novel gained popularity
d) The rise of middle class
3. Given below are some novels, events and writers of Indian
English. Arrange them in
chronological order.
a) Rise of famous Indian Trio
b) Nayantara Sahgal, Arun Joshi, Manohar Malgaonkar
c) Arundhati Roy, Kiran Desai, Kiran Nagarkar
d) Rajmohan’s Wife by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya

4. Given below are some Novels in English literature. Arrange

them in their order of their
appearance.
a) The Pilgrim’s Progress and Oroonaku
b) Ecologues and Morte De Arthur Shafaque Naaz
c) Pamela and Gulliver’s Travels
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d) The Tale of Genji and Don Quxiote

4. State whether the following sentences are True or False

1. Novel is recognized as the most dominant literary genre in
modern times.
2. A Novel is relatively a short narrative.
3. ‘Tale of Genji’ is described as world’s first novel.
4. Middle class people had a little interest in romances and
tragedies.
5. Novel gave voice to the aspirations and longings of middle
class.
6. The women novelists haven’t contributed significantly in
English Literature.
7. Novella is greater in length than Novel.
8. Setting doesn’t affect plot or characters.
9. The struggle in opposite forces in a story is called as conflict.
10. Epistolary Novel is a series of correspondence, other
documents and diary entries as well.
6. Complete the sentence:
1. The Periodical Essay and Novel are the gifts of ............ .
(18 th century/ 17 th century /19 Th century)

2. A Novel is relatively a .............

(a short narrative fiction/ a long narrative fiction / a
fiction of moderate length)

3. The industrial revolution gave birth to ......... .

(poor class/ middle class/ rich class)

4. Appearance of newspaper in 18 th century attracted a

large number of readers from
........... (poor class/ middle class/ rich class)

5. Rise of Novel as a literary genre resulted in lowering

the importance of ..................
(poetry/ drama/ Drama and Poetry)

6. Salman Rushdie, V. S. Naipaul, Kazuo Ishigura are

...........
(Indian authors/ immigrant authors/writers of Indian
origin)
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PYQ. 2022 BOARDS
Questions

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 For Chapters and poem
explanation visit youtube
channel "Shafaque Naaz"

Shafaque Naaz

Na ho na umeed, na apna iraada badal,

teri koshish hi teri taqdeer badal sakti
hai