Hospital Pharmacy

Submitted by: Ibtisam Haider

Reg No. Fa19-phm-065
Date: 22/12/2022

Department of Pharmacy

Comsats University Islamabad

Abbottabad Campus.
Important Points For the Assignment:

● This text of the assignment has been Highlighted in

Different Colors to Distinguish Between different topics.
● The Assignment has been divided into the following
subtopics:
○ Introduction
○ Pharmacist Role And It's Positive Impact
○ Research Study Conducted By Pubmed
○ References
 Introduction
A medication error is defined as "any preventable event that may cause or lead to
inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of
the healthcare professional, patient, or consumer,” according to the National
Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention

Pharmacist Role And It's Positive Impact:

Safety action What is involved Example of impact

Ensure access to medication
Evaluate ability to pay for
medication; explore
alternative medications or
payment means
Finding patient assistance
programs or working with
insurers to make medication
available that patients
otherwise could not afford,
improving adherence and
safety

Supply medication Educate patients and Reviewing proper dosing with

information caregivers on safe and patients or providers can
effective medication use prevent medication errors and
adverse drug interactions

Evaluate medication Assess medication Individual consideration of

appropriateness
appropriateness,
effectiveness, and safety for
each individual patient
"five rights" in light of patient
condition, medication list,
age, weight, ethnicity, diet,
allergies, and kidney and liver
function can result in
recommendations for changes
in therapy or monitoring to
increase medication safety

Improve medication Help patients take medication Reviewing how patients are
adherence as it is prescribed using medications can result
in suggestions for changes in
medication, dosing, or
additional therapies that
improve patient adherence

Provide health and wellness Deliver direct health and Blood pressure screenings can
services wellness service reveal poorly controlled
hypertension

Medication management Comprehensive review of Pharmacist review may

patient's full medication
regimen to ensure
medications work well
together and avoid problems
(e.g., interaction)
determine which of several
medications is causing an
adverse effect; simplify a
patient's medication regimen;
identify gaps in reaching
treatment goals; or prevent
prescription of medications
that have adverse interactions

Assess health status Determine current patient Pharmacist may detect

status and medication
effectiveness; provide
guidance regarding
medication therapy
dangerously low or high
blood pressure and
recommend changes in
medication therapy and
thereby prevent harm

Coordinating care transitions Coordinate medication Pharmacist-led medication

management across care
transitions; assist with care
coordination for transitions
reconciliation may identify
potential interactions or
omissions from medication
list at transitions in care,
which are prone to error

Research Study Conducted By Pubmed

Objective: This systematic review aims to investigate the role and responsibilities of
pharmacists in the prevention of medication errors. The study also aims to evaluate
pharmacist-centered strategies that have an impact on medication error reduction and
prevention.

Results: A clinical pharmacist's duties are to supervise the medication treatment of admitted
patients and to notify the healthcare team when a discrepancy is found. A total of seven
reviewed studies highlighted the importance and positive impact of increasing the number of
clinical pharmacist's interventions. Literature showed that an average of 64.9% of medication
discrepancies happen during patient discharge, highlighting the necessity of a clinical
pharmacist intervention at that stage. The systematic review focused on the significant impact
of clinical pharmacists' role in preventing errors (studies reported=5); encouraging pharmacist-
led education to increase medication error awareness (studies reported =5), incorporating better
and innovative pharmacy-related work approaches (studies reported =4); and implementing
 appropriate and secured policies for medication error reporting (studies reported =1). The
screened literature highlighted the significant reduction in the number of medication errors and
an increase in medication error identification and awareness. These findings suggest the crucial
role of a pharmacist in healthcare policies for the prevention of medication errors and patient
safety.

Conclusion: This systematic review suggests multiple pharmacist-centered strategies that have
been implemented in several studies showing the positive impact on the reduction and
prevention of medication errors commenced by not only the pharmacist but the rest of the
healthcare team
.

References
https://psnet.ahrq.gov/primer/pharmacists-role-medication-safety
https://psnet.ahrq.gov/primer/pharmacists-role-medication-safety
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
332092200_Medication_Errors_and_Role_of_Clinical_Pharmacist_in_Identification_Assessm
ent_and_Prevention_Need_of_the_Time