LATTICE

LATTICE
 LATTICE
SPACE LATTICE- It is an imaginary collection of infinite no. of points
with a regular and repeating geometry.

UNIT CELL- The smallest repeating unit of space lattice is called unit
cell.

Cell parameters define the geometry of the unit cell.

The imaginary points are known as lattice point.

LATTICE
 LATTICE

• a , b and c represent the edge length of unit cell along the three axis.
• The plane may not be perpendicular to each other.
LATTICE
 LATTICE
CELL PARAMETERS- SIX

Geometry of the unit cell defines the crystal system. There are a total of
seven crystal system possible.
LATTICE
LATTICE
 CUBIC CRYSTAL SYSTEM
• There can be four types of arrangements for a given geometry of
the unit cell.(For a given crystal system)
 1.Primitive Arrangement

• When the constituents particles are present at the corners only, it is

called primitive arrangement.
 2.Body Centered Arrangement

• When the constituents particles are present at the corners as well as

the center of the unit cell, it is called body centered arrangement.
 3.Face Centered Arrangement

• When the constituents particles are present at the corners as well as

the centre of the faces, it is called face centered arrangement.
 4.End Centered Arrangement

• When the constituents particles are present at the corners as well as the centre
of any two opposite faces, it is called end centered arrangement.
 CUBIC CRYSTAL SYSTEM
• Since 4 arrangements are possible within each crystal system, so
7*4=28 units cell are possible theoretically.

• Only 14 out of 28 unit cells can exist in nature. (Symmetry

Consideration)

• These unit cells are not equally distributed among the crystal
system.
CUBIC CRYSTAL SYSTEM
 CUBIC CRYSTAL SYSTEM
• Constituents particles are considered to be solid
sphere. Their shape can’t be deformed by the
application of stress. They may or may not make
contact with each other but they never merge into
one another.
• Lattice points are located at the center of the
sphere.
 RANK OF UNIT CELL

• It is the effective number of atoms per unit cell.

 RANK OF UNIT CELL

• The corner atom is shared by eight cubes. Therefore it’s

contribution to one cube is 1/8.
 RANK OF UNIT CELL
• The face atoms are shared by two unit cells. Therefore it’s
contribution to one cube is 1/2.
 RANK OF UNIT CELL
• The atoms inside the cube are called body atoms and they
contribute their whole to the unit cell.
 RANK OF UNIT CELL
• The atoms on the edges are shared by 4 cubes.
Therefore it’s contribution to one cube is 1/4.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CUBE
Q. The most unsymmetrical and symmetrical systems are, respectively :

(a) Tetragonal, cubic (b) Triclinic, cubic

(c) Rhombohedral, Hexagonal (d) Orthorhombic, cubic

Q. In the primitive cubic unit cell , the atoms present at the :

(a) Corners of the unit cell (b) Centre of the unit cell

(c) Centre of each face of the unit cell (d) one set of faces of the unit cell
Q. In the body Centered unit cell , The lattice points are present at the :

(a) corner of unit cell only

(b) corners and Centre of unit cell

(c) corners and Centre of each face of the unit cell

(d) corners and at one set of faces of unit cell

Q. In the face Centered unit cell , The lattice points are present at the :

(a) corner of unit cell only

(b) corners and Centre of unit cell

(c) corners and face centres of the unit cell

(d) faces centres of unit cell

Q. The effective number of atoms per unit cell in a simple cube, face
centred cube and body centred cube are respectively :

(a) 1 , 4 , 2

(b) 1 , 2 , 4

(c) 8 , 14 , 9

(d) 8 , 4 , 2