SUBMITTED BY:

-Gabatan, Sweety Fe A.
-Bodiongan, Jobelie R.

I. Research Analysis

Directions: Conduct a research analysis on the research article provided. On the first column are the areas of analysis with
guide questions to help you through. Your analysis (answers) should be written on the second column.

Areas of Analysis Your Analysis

1. Title, Proponent and Source
 What is the title of the article?
 Who is the proponent?
 In what journal can the article be found? (Cite the
journal, its volume and date of publication)
2. Background
 What issue or problem did the study seek to
address?
 What prompted the researcher to conduct the
study?
 Communication in Nurse-Patient Interaction in
Healthcare Settings in Sub-Saharan Africa: A
Scoping Review
 Abukari Kwame, Pammla M. Petrucka
 International Journal of Africa Nursing Science,
Volume 12, 2020, 100198
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2020.100198
 Inadequate communication among nurses and
inconsistency in the patient-nurse relationship.
 The researcher conducted this study due to a poor
communication that can have a negative impact on
the quality of care, nursing practices, and safety.

3. Theoretical Framework
 On what theory or model was the study anchored?
(If study does not have a theory, you may cite
concepts from the literature review which support
the study. Do not forget to cite the author(s) of
such concepts.
 According to the Arksey and O'Malley (2005)
framework (henceforth A&O Framework) for
scoping studies and the additional
recommendations by Levac et al. (2010),
identifying relevant studies for a scoping study
comes under stage two of the framework. To
identify relevant studies for our review, a
comprehensive search strategy was developed
and used to identify and scope studies both
published and unpublished that examined
communication in nurse-patient interaction
within the sub-Saharan African context. The
search process was guided by both our
research questions (stage one requirements of
A&O’s framework) and the purpose of the
study. To ensure that all relevant studies were
accessed, a professional librarian assisted in
the search process. Databases including
CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and
ProQuest were searched for studies conducted
between January 2000 and July 2019 and
published in English. Limiting the literature to
only those published from 2000 upwards and
in English was necessitated by time and cost
constraints. Also, given the emergence of the
concepts of patient-centered care and
communication (PCC) in the late 1990s and
early 2000s (IOM, 2001), the need to capture
nurse-patient interaction and communication
studies since 2000 was relevant, as we can
indirectly see how PCC was promoted.

4. Questions/Objectives/Aims
 What particular questions/objectives/aims did the
study seek to answer/address?
The purpose of this review was to investigate
communication strategies in nurse-patient interactions and
how they influence patient participation in the care process
in Sub-Saharan Africa, as well as to identify major findings
and gaps in the literature. Two questions are investigated
in this review:

 What is the current state of the evidence on

 communication strategies in nurse-patient
interactions in the sub-Saharan African healthcare
context?
 What are the findings and gaps in the
literature/evidence on communication strategies in
nurse-patient interactions in healthcare settings in
the sub-Saharan African context?

5. Methodology
a. Method (What research method was specifically
employed in the study?)
b. Setting (Where was the study conducted?)
c. Participants (Who were involved and how were
they selected?)
d. Instruments (What was used to obtain the data?)
e. Data Gathering Procedure (What were the steps in
collecting the data?)
a. Interviews, focus groups, and participant observations
were common data collection methods.
b. South Africa, Ghana, Nigeria, Mali, Malawi, Tanzania,
Kenya, Zimbabwe, Uganda, Ethiopia, Cameroon, Botswana,
and Rwanda were among the countries where primary
studies were conducted. Half of the included studies were
conducted in two countries, South Africa and Ghana, with
the remaining countries each having one to three studies.
The included studies covered five major healthcare areas,
though some studies covered two or more (HIV/AIDS care
setting, Maternal/Antenatal care setting, ICU setting,
Post/Operative Care setting, Primary Care setting).

c. All 22 qualitative studies drew a total of 896 participants.

Patients, caregivers, nurses, physicians, counselors,
radiologists/radiographers, pharmacists, registrars, and
administrators were among those who took part.

d. The data was collected using a pie chart, analytic

approaches, and a histogram. A pie chart depicting the
types of studies included in this review (n = 32). In
qualitative studies, analytic approaches were used. A
histogram depicting the yearly distribution of studies
included. A histogram illustrating the distribution of
studies across various care contexts.

e. The first step was to find participants who were a good fit
for the study. Furthermore, because the researchers used a
qualitative data collection method, the study was carried
out using open-ended survey questionnaires, one-on-one
interviews, focus groups, and direct observation to obtain
and gather data.
6. Results/Findings
 What was the finding for each  The study discovered that communication in
question/objective/aim? nurse-patient interactions has been studied in
HIV/AIDS, maternal and reproductive care,
intensive and palliative care,
operative/postoperative care, and primary
healthcare settings in a few countries in Sub-
Sahara Africa. According to the findings for its
objective, excessive workload, nursing staff, poor
communication skills, and lack of involvement of
nursing managers in the care process have a
negative impact on nurse’s ability to interact
effectively with their clients.
7. Conclusion
 How did the study address the problem or issue?  The problem is addressed in the study by nursing
training programs and the involvement of nursing
managers and healthcare administrators in
improving communication between the nurse and
patient.
8. Recommendations
 What recommendations/suggestions did the study  The study concludes with recommendations. More
provide? research on nurse-patient interaction and
communication in other healthcare settings (e.g.,
emergency care, elderly care, pediatric care units,
and others) is needed to provide a broader
perspective on the topic. There is also pressing
need for communication and interpersonal
relationship skills courses to be included in health
professional training programs so that healthcare
providers can communicate effectively with their
patients. It was also suggested that nurses and
other healthcare providers should engage patients
in the care process to promote patient
empowerment.