All TOPICS REVIEW

(Final Test Report)

By

Suci Arthyara Larasati (1910117320001)

Lecturer: Sirajuddin Kamal, S.S. M,Ed

Cross Cultural Understanding A3

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

LAMBUNG MANGKURAT UNIVERSITY

BANJARMASIN

2022
 TOPICS

1. Definition of Culture

2. The Relationship between Language and Culture

3. Roles of Understanding Culture in ELT

4. English Verbal Communication

5. Non-Verbal Intercultural Communication

6. Personal Relationships

7. Family: Child Raising, Young Adulthood and The Elderly

8. Educational Attitudes: Diversity in Education, Active Participatio

n, T-S Relationship

9. Work Values

10. Time and Space Patterns

11. Everyday English Manners (Bathroom, Public, Table, etc)

12. Cultural Conflict (stereotype, prejudice, ethnocentrism)

13. The Adjustment Process

1. Definition of Culture

My perspective on culture is something that generally regarded as a tradition

that is passed down from generation to generation. Religion, food, what we wear,
how we wear it, our language, marriage, music, and culture all vary greatly aroun
d the world. Culture is also a characteristic and a source of knowledge for a large
number of people. We also frequently find that each village is classified as having
a small scope of life, but each village has a unique way of life, behavior, beliefs, a
nd language. I once read about culture; it said, "Culture is learned. Culture is shar
ed. Culture is dynamic. Culture is systemic. Culture is symbolic." I can conclude t
hat culture is the sum total of learned behaviors from a diverse group of people w
ho learn from one another and deserve to be respected. It includes both tangible a
nd intangible things, such as our beliefs or views about gender. 

2. The Relationship between Language and Culture

In my opinion, culture and language are closely related. Why?

To be able to understand this relationship, we must first underst
and the meaning of culture and language itself. Culture refers to
the way we think and interact with the people around us. We live
interdependently with other humans. Interestingly, each of us may
have the same characteristics but have different cultural views a
nd ideas. Aside from that, language is a medium of communication
that we use to express ourselves, share with others, and identify
ourselves. As is very clear in our lives, language is related to
all aspects of society, and human understanding of culture plays
an important role in language learning.Ken Hale, a well-known lin
guist, once stated that when language is lost, part of culture is
lost. Culture influences our core traditions, values, and the way
we interact with others in society. On the other hand, language m
akes interaction easy. Simply put, language facilitates social in
 teraction, while culture helps us learn how to behave and interac
t with others.

3. Roles of Understanding Culture in ELT

In my opinion, if a person chooses to study English, he or she will be interest

ed in everything related to that language. Languages have some cultural elements
built in. To easily understand one language, one must learn about the culture of th
e language. Because a person's thoughts are the center of his identity, one could s
ay that if he or she thinks in English to speak English, he or she almost understan
ds the culture of that language. Culture is expressed through language. It is the co
untry's and people's identity that is used. Culture plays an important role in all asp
ects of education, and language is at the heart of global friendship. As a result, stu
dents entering the classroom with their own language and culture must be taken i
nto account. That is why, when using students' cultural and linguistic heritage, the
role of culture in ELT is referred to as making language education a bridge to a u
nified multicultural society. To summarize, culture in ELT plays an important rol
e in harnessing each student's cultural heritage and knowledge to provide the foun
dation for an intellectual education.

4. English Verbal Communication

English verbal communication, in my opinion, is a communication process w

ithout boundaries that involves verbal skills that play an important role in the com
munication process in English. We communicate in English with a purpose. This
goal is related to our unconscious or conscious need for communication. In Englis
h, verbal communication is the deliberate effort to generate and send messages us
ing sounds, symbols, words, and visuals. This is important in everyday life, at wo
rk, and in almost every other situation where you interact with others. The majorit
y of English verbal communication is related to the language itself. Learning Engl
ish in today's modern world allows many people to communicate socially with pe
ople from many different countries. It provides access to another culture and a dif
 ferent perspective on the world. It also provides access to foreign films, TV show
s, music, and news. As a result, spoken English is an essential tool in today's glob
al village.

5. Non-Verbal Intercultural Communication

To better understand nonverbal intercultural communication, I

will first share my thoughts on nonverbal communication. Other th
an spoken words, nonverbal communication refers to all intentiona
l and unintentional stimuli between communicating parties. In int
ercultural situations, nonverbal communication is crucial. Nonver
bal communication is extremely important in our global society. F
urthermore, the term "intercultural nonverbal communication" refe
rs to the unspoken communication between the communicating partie
s. The possibility of misunderstandings and disagreements regardi
ng nonverbal communication is greatly influenced by culture. Thus,
understanding nonverbal messages is essential for successful int
eraction in intercultural situations. Its various functions can a
id understanding when communicating. Nonverbal cues that indicate
when a person should or should not speak are examples of this typ
e of communication. Finally, nonverbal communication can alter ve
rbal messages through mimics, gestures, and facial expressions, e
specially when people do not speak the same language.

6. Personal Relationships

My perspective on a personal relationship may differ from everyone else's w

ho has one. Personal relationships are close relationships formed by emotional bo
nds and interactions between people. These bonds are frequently formed and stre
ngthened by shared experiences. This relationship develops over time, whether co
nsciously or unconsciously, and the person who lives may feel comfortable and d
ependent. A relationship provides us with friends or family with whom we can sh
 are our lives and who can assist us in difficult times. They have a tendency to ma
ke us laugh a lot, which brings us a lot of joy. Relationships provide assistance in
navigating life. Having someone to help us through it can make all the difference.
There are several types of personal relationships: circle of friends; mobility and fr
iendship; instant friendship; male-female relationships; intercultural friendships; e
tc.

7. Family: Child Raising, Young Adulthood and The Elderly

Child Raising

Acculturation is the process of teaching children about customs and cultural

values by their parents, which begins at birth. The way parents care for their new
borns varies depending on the culture to which they belong. In the United States,
for example, some parents provide separate rooms for their newborn children. Ac
cording to them, this preserves parental privacy and allows the child to become ac
customed to it, which is viewed as the first step toward independence. Americans
have traditionally placed a high value on individualism in their lives. Parents mak
e an effort to instill these values in their children. Many children are taught to ma
ke decisions and accept responsibility for their actions from an early age.

Young Adulthood

Another difference we can see in America is that when children reach the app
ropriate age (usually between 18 and 21 years), they are encouraged to "leave the
nest" and begin independent lives without coercion. After leaving home, children
frequently seek social relationships, relationships, and financial support outside of
the family.

The Elderly

The treatment of the elderly by society and families reflects

this independence and individualism. Their financial support is f
requently provided by social security or welfare systems, reducin
 g their reliance on their family. Furthermore, rather than becomi
ng overly emotionally dependent on their children, older people m
ay seek out their own friends. Senior citizens' centers allow for
peer-group association among people of the same age. Growing old
in the United States, on the other hand, has its drawbacks. Glori
fication of youth and indifference to the elderly have alienated
and isolated many older people.

8. Educational Attitudes: Diversity in Education, Active Participatio

n, T-S Relationship

Diversity in Education

In various countries, schools are increasingly seen as potential vehicles for pr

omoting positive attitudes toward diversity and equality. In the United States, uni
versity classrooms are pretty varied. The classroom environment at expensive pri
vate universities may differ from that of community colleges, which are free and
open to all. The requirements and expectations of state-funded universities differ
from those of parish colleges. Despite the diversity of educational institutions, the
re are some common features in American college and university classrooms.

Active Participation

Class participation is not only acceptable but also expected. Another factor th
at influences whether or not students participate is the teacher's teaching style. M
any teachers encourage students to challenge their ideas and ask questions. Stude
nts who make statements that contradict the teacher's viewpoints must be prepare
d to back up their claims.

The Teacher-Student Relationship

A classroom environment that supports students to stay focused on learning a

ctivities can be said to be an innovation by a teacher. In addition, creating a close
relationship between teachers and students also helps the data. With a note, this in
 timacy can run in balance with seriousness in the learning and teaching process.

9. Work Values

Work values, in my opinion, are beliefs or principles related to your career or

place of employment. It can also refer to the work-related qualities, principles, an
d standards that are important to you. Knowing your work values can help you pl
an your career, look for opportunities in your current job, or change careers. They
describe what you believe is important in your career. Work values are important
regardless of whether you are an employee or an employer. When your work is in
line with your values, it can help you find meaning in what you do on a daily basi
s at work. It is critical that your employees' personal work values align with those
of the organization. By providing a common purpose, values alignment assists the
organization as a whole in achieving its core mission. People work toward differe
nt goals, with different intentions, and with different outcomes when their values
are out of sync. Work values, productivity, job satisfaction, and creative potential
can all suffer as a result.

10. Time and Space Patterns

We know, time is critical for the people of America. They valued time and
had an activity schedule. As a result, they are not to waste time on something
unimportant to them. Because time equals money. For example, if they plan to
meet someone, they must make a promise that the activity will not be disrupted,
and when they go to a party or a meeting, they arrive on time. They will spend
time on the weekends or whenever they have free time. When it is about tim

e constraints, try to relax and recognize that it could be a cros

s-cultural difference, and prioritize participation over punctual
ity. Different cultures have different perspectives on time. Some
cultures have a displaced time orientation, in which time is cons
idered exact. Some cultures have a diffused time orientation, whi
ch means that time is viewed as approximate. However, the way space
 is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design
cities is culturally influenced. Dr. Hall summarizes the relationship between
individuals and their physical surroundings: Man and his extensions constitute
one interrelated system. It is a mistake to act as though man were one thing and
his house or his cities, or his language were something else.

11. Everyday English Manners (Bathroom, Public, Table, etc)

In my opinion, everyday English manners have an impact on your life that yo

u are unaware of. They have the ability to make people feel relaxed and at ease.
We can improve our relationships with people we know and meet on a daily basis
simply by being happy. Respecting others and yourself is the foundation of courte
sy, politeness, and good manners. If you demonstrate good manners wherever yo
u go, you are more likely to encourage others to do the same.

At home

 Help others at home.

 Say 'please' and 'thank you' whenever it is required.

 Get up in morning as soon as I am called.

 Respect privacy of others and their personal.

 Keep myself and my space/room clean.

At school

 Saying good morning or afternoon if I am walking past an adult or teacher.

 Asking if I can borrow something, not just taking.

 Returning things that I have borrowed.

 Waiting for my turn before speaking.

 Saying 'excuse me,' rather than pushing past someone.

 At public

 I usually dress carefully (not according to public demand but feeling easy and
comfortable).

 I walk with confidence.

 I never make noise or sound differently on road.

 I usually walk on my side as per traffic rules.

 I never stand in the middle of the road.

12. Cultural Conflict (stereotype, prejudice, ethnocentrism)

Cultural conflict, in my opinion, is a dislike, hostility, or

struggle between communities with opposing philosophies and ways
of life, resulting in contradictory aspirations and behaviors. Th
is is one of the issues that arises in society as a result of cul
tural differences. When we live in other people's countries, I be
lieve it is better to respect their culture without underestimati
ng other people. As long as they don't force us to adopt their cu
lture, I believe it is better to respect and not mock their relig
ion or culture. Maybe someday we'll go to a place with a differen
t culture, but that doesn't mean it won't be a problem as long as
you and the people respect each other. There are so many people n
owadays who want to know about other people's problems. It's just
a minor issue that can quickly escalate into a major issue if you
continue to believe that you must know everything. Just be satisf
ied with yourself.

13. The Adjustment Process

Regarding the adjustment process, I think it has something to

do with culture shock. It occurs as a result of complete immersio
n in the new culture, and they may be anxious because they do not
speak the language, know the customs, or understand the behavior
of the people in everyday life. Adjusting to another culture whil
e we are away from home is difficult. However, behind the difficu
lties, there is always a lesson that we can take. The adjustment
process can become easier when we are open-minded and can figure
out what is acceptable to us and vice versa. For me, another impo
rtant thing is that we, as newcomers, can get along with local re
sidents and share information about each other's culture.