BIOLOGICAL

HAZARDS
 At the end of the session, the
students must be able to:

1. Identify the different

Learning biological hazards in the
environment;
Objectives: 2. Characterize the effects of
biological hazards to health;
3. Apply measures to prevent
and control biological hazards
and its impacts
 OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

Definition, Nature of Types of Biological Health Effects of Prevention and control

Biological Hazards Hazards Biological Hazards of biological hazards
and its effects on health
Types of Environmental Hazards

1. Natural Hazards
2. Health Hazard
• Biological
• Chemical
• Physical
• Ergonomic
3. Safety Hazard
• Unsafe act
• Unsafe condition
BIOLOGICAL
HAZARDS
 • Include all life forms, as
well as non-living
products they produce,
that can cause adverse
health effects
I. Definition,
Nature of • Macro- and
Biological microorganisms that
Hazards exert harmful influence
upon humans and lead
to diseases
I. Definition, Nature of Biological Hazards

A. Microorganisms: bacteria, virus and some

parasites
• Parasites: need to grow in the body to cause
illness
• Bacteria and protozoa: live and multiply in
other cells, survive in food items or water
• Virus: cannot multiply outside of living cells

B. Macro-organisms: larger species

II. Types of Biological Hazards

TYPES OF
BIOLOGICAL
HAZARDS

BASED ON TYPE OF BASED ON HEALTH

AGENT OUTCOME

Animal and Plant/Plant

Infectious
Animal Agents Products Allergenic Zoonotic
Products
II. Types of Biological Hazards

A. Based on Type of Agent

PLANT AND
INFECTIOUS ANIMALS AND
PLANT
AGENTS ANIMAL PRODUCTS
PRODUCTS

Viruses – Lower plants – Invertebrates -

Hepatitis Virus lichens, ferns jellyfish
Arthropods –
Bacteria – Higher plants –
spiders,
Leptospira pollen
cockroaches
Parasites – filarial Vertebrates – fishes,
worms reptiles
II. Types of Biological Hazards

B. Associated with Health Outcome

1. Allergenic and Toxic agents – cause
allergic reactions
2. Agents causing zoonoses and
infectious diseases – include vehicles
and vectors and/or reservoirs for
transmission
Main Environmental Routes of Exposure

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III. Health Effects of Biological Hazards

Main Environmental Routes of Exposure:

1. Air – for respiratory diseases
2. Water – diarrheal diseases
3. Food – infections and intoxications
4. Other routes:
a) Thru direct contact
b) Thru vectors
IV. Prevention and control of Biological
hazards and its impacts
Personal Hygiene
Use of PPEs
Responsible Husbandry
Proper food safety
Environmental Sanitation
THANK YOU.