Formula Sheet

1. The Mean of Ungrouped Data; The Mean of Grouped Data

∑x ∑fx
Mean; µ = N Mean; µ = ∑f

2. Standard Deviation of Ungrouped Data

SD =
√ ∑ (x−µ)2
N

3. Standard Deviation of Grouped Data

SD =
√ ∑ f ( x−µ)2
∑f

4. The Variance = the standard deviation squared i.e SD 2

5. Internal Rate of Return

NPV 1
IRR = R1 + NPV 1−NPV 2 × (R2 – R1)

6. Base-Weighted Index or Laspeyres Price Index (LPI):

LPI=
∑ Pn Q 0 ×100
∑ P0 Q 0

7. Current Weighted Index or Paasche Price Index (PPI)

PPI=
∑ Pn Qn ×100
∑ P0 Q n
Where : P0 = Base year’s prices
Q0 = Base year’s quantities
Pn = Current year’s prices
Qn = Current year’s quantities
DISCOUNT FACTORS
INTERES
T RATE
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 5 0
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
PERI
OD
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0.9 98 0.9 96 95 94 93 92 91 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7
1 90 0 71 2 2 3 5 6 7 09 01 93 85 77 70 62 55 47 40 33 00 69
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0.9 96 0.9 92 90 89 87 85 84 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5
2 80 1 43 5 7 0 3 7 2 26 12 97 83 69 56 43 31 18 06 94 40 92
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0.9 94 0.9 88 86 84 81 79 77 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4
3 71 2 15 9 4 0 6 4 2 51 31 12 93 75 58 41 24 09 93 79 12 55
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0.9 92 0.8 85 82 79 76 73 70 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3
4 61 4 88 5 3 2 3 5 8 83 59 36 13 92 72 52 34 16 99 82 10 50
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0.9 90 0.8 82 78 74 71 68 65 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2
5 51 6 63 2 4 7 3 1 0 21 93 67 43 19 97 76 56 37 19 02 28 69
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0.9 88 0.8 79 74 70 66 63 59 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2
6 42 8 37 0 6 5 6 0 6 64 35 07 80 56 32 10 90 70 52 35 62 07
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0.9 87 0.8 76 71 66 62 58 54 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1
7 33 1 13 0 1 5 3 3 7 13 82 52 25 00 76 54 33 14 96 79 10 59
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0.9 85 0.7 73 67 62 58 54 50 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1
8 23 3 89 1 7 7 2 0 2 67 34 04 76 51 27 05 85 66 49 33 68 23
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0.9 83 0.7 70 64 59 54 50 46 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0
9 14 7 66 3 5 2 4 0 0 24 91 61 33 08 84 63 43 25 09 94 34 94