y vy vyyyy vyyyy vy Culture is the way we accept to see the world Culture is a mean which we can express and propagate our thoughts, ideas, identities personal and cultures beliefs. Culture needs to interact inorder to survive] The buildings we create and the city we shape is a manifestation of our non manifest world, culture and vitality Social cohesions that stimuli optimal thinking for citizens Human centered with interactions and mixed use areas Homogenization kills diversity Buildings should have order and variety Monotonous buildings hampers creativity and expression. They foster a repetitive felling and hence a hostile urban environment. Rather than decontextualizing culture in city scapes for order, some amounts of diversity are needed. Sprawl is isolating people. Based on economic income. Urban sprawl is stopping the cross fertilization of people and exchange of ideas which are crucial for a city. Homogenizing cultures makes everyone think alike and hence one can assert dominance over. Cities are main repositories for cultural heritage and creativity Cultural and cultural landscapes like roundabout sculptures are anchors for spirituality and identity which improve community strength. Cities should be created to encourage interaction. A building should be built based on © Identity © Community © Purpose No matter how well a building is built if it does not have any purpose or identity it will fall. Architects should talk to the local community and see how they can reflect the communities identity through architecture, Cultural pluralism is a vital for diversity. Cultural artifacts should not be seen as museum pieces or past relics but rather it should be a testimonial of our ability to adapt to the ever changing urban environment. The cities topology and morphology should reflect the particular settlements purpose, identity, be it history, it should have a symbolic value. Culture: key component of human-centered inclusive cities Using culture, we can harness the local human potential in all spheres in the life of a city like using traditional methods and knowledge to preserve the natural environment. For a city to be successful there must be a handshake between the natural and built environment. Reinvigorating the knowledge of vernacular heritage, based on local materials and climate adaptive construction methods emerges innovations to create low energy architectural models. In order to seek urban balance we must seek new ways and synergies which are efficient for the current built environment and natural one. At the core of preservation of intangible and tangible urban heritage is sustainable urban planning. The narrative needs to be changed that culture staginates development rather itis crucial to have for development. Rather than seeing them as two opposites they need and will always go hand in hand. ‘Articulation of public green spaces for quality of urban living Diversity and cultural pluralism actually increases the resilience of the community, strong communities. ‘A communities purpose about creating a richer, broader and deeper experience of life together. it is needed for creating> Development understood only in economic terms is not development > Cultural rights and freedom of expression must be ensured. Expression through architecture can color a city > Cities are like living ecosystems, where everything needs to be interconnected > Rewording Jane Jacobs, a city can provide for everyone if and only when its built that way. > Fostering greater knowledge of urban resources and culture enables an informed and evidence based approach that respects natural and built environment > Cultural approach while designing public spaces > Incorporate nature in the city planning, take advantage of it like Masdar did. Using convection based design to provide cool air for the city reducing the demand for ac by 55%. > Promote creativity and innovation in urban planning via culture > Promote social cohesion > Tangible and intangible cultural should be at the core of the city along with sustainable development that respects the natural and built environment. > The city will always be run and driven by people and hence development should aim to enhance the human aspect. > Cities stand testament to the interplay between cultural integrity and its inhabitants. > Today urban heritage can set the stage for social and economic development also reflecting the cities identity Use culture to foster urban value and image Roundabouts sculptures should tell a story of the city, reflect the cities identity and lets people enjoy the cultural richness of the city. Culture inspires creativity, a chance for a more creative economy and hence new opportunities. Our century is a urban century Cities should be centers of cultural capital Culture is a collective identity that fosters wellbeing, artistic expression and identity. Urban settings should be sites where human activity and aspirations converge. Gentrification is resulting in homogenization of urban morphology. Versatile spaces of personal, cultural and artistic expression Working with the local community stimulate the emergence of new collaborative partnerships Culture in Ethiopia: A powerful force for more inclusive urban society Using traditional knowledge in development to achieve harmony and stability vy VVVYVYVYYYVYJane Jacobs yyyyy vY Urban activist and planner who championed at new community based approaches She saw cities as living ecosystems She relied on her observations Community centered approach to urban planning She challenged the dominant establishment of modernist architects and saw the wisdom in local architects Supported “mix use” urban development By preserving neighborhoods we can preserve cultural diversity and instead of killing micro businesses create a environment for them to thrive in. Architecture y Y Architecture is mythbased and shows the non manifest world Buildings which are models of the cosmos Architecture should be culturally sympathetic to the environment using natural elements and reducing environmental impact Mandala architecture believes that elements of the manifest world are all symbols of the non manifest world. Banni Kutch ° Earthquake resistant, made circular- pressure is equally distributed © Uses materials suited to that environment © Thick mud provides insulation and is heat resistant. Bamboo structures of Assam regionEthiopian: Urban Growth > To address chronic stress(population increase) and acute shocks(earthquakes etc) the concept of URBAN RESILIENCE has become a focus of attention > Urban planners are trying to use mathematical approach to remove slums and change the urban typology based on factors like sunlight. in mi > Africa needs orderly expansion > Cause of africa's huge growth rate © Lack of family planning © Religion forbids the use of conceptrives No birth control © More children are seen as more profitable © High birth rate and fertility rate Dense urban area Majority of economic activities are within the city. Population growth is expected to quadruple by 2050(x™4) NYU supported the urban expansion program They bought land prior the expansion. Owned lands in between were given compensations like money or land elsewhere. Locals supported the program as the building of roads meant they ° KR A < (anh 5s ys yyy vY could commute more easily and provided many other benefits, YVVY Ethiopia is one of the least urbanized countries with only 17% living in urban areas They planned the land that was going to be taken up due to expansion and development Secure 30 years of arterial roads, the compensation to restrict any construction Led to opportunities for local entrepreneurs since they can expand their factories. This also creates more jobs. This results in more rural-urban migration, Connection to 1&S Connection to Maths Urbanisation: Rural to urban development ‘What has been changed: - Public amenities - Community centres - Schools (integrated into the suburb/town instead of outside) - Medical care is more accessible - Transportation - Roads built - bettering connection within the town/city/suburb and its access to the main city. - Resilient transportation - weatherproof - Population capacity - Cost of living - Wages Change in rates: - Decrease in transportation time - Industrial area: 1.5 hr to 30min. - Hospital and main city: 3hrs to 30-50min (two routes created because of development of arterial roads) = 30x increase in population (exponential growth?) - increased accommodation within area - Increased cost of living: $500 - $1400; increase of $900 ~ Increase in average wage (varied job opportunities): $600 - $1600 (I dunno what else to put here) Overall: decrease in inconveniences/ push factors such as travel times, increase in accommodation and public facilities. Amenities are also more accessible. With increase in beneficial facilities, comes increase in cost of living and wages earned. This suggests a change in employment opportunities and requirements for living in this town/city/suburb thing.placements of schools, community centres, water supply Thing that changed Positive effects Possible setbacks (negatives) Different public - Increased standard of living: better amenities: Hospitals, | access to essential services - Increased literacy: Better access to education - Increase coordination and community building: Community centres - Increase job opportunities: Main source of income was mainly farming at the time, new opportunities. (working at public facilities) - Increase health and hygiene: Water facilities, healthcare facilities present in town/suburb. Y Z Z 2 Z A B Transportation: building of roads (arterial roads) City is more accessible: - New job opportunities outside of town, - Better access to hospitals (medical care) - Quicker access to industrial areas - making commute for workers/employees faster - Interconnected city: Better transport of goods, possibilities for door to door services - More people start travelling via roads more often: Causes increase in ait pollution and carbon emissions at large (contributes to global warming and reduces quality of public health) Displacement of farmland - Make room for more people: Space for housing - Make room for public amenities - Provide locals with compensation or displacement of farmland - Provide locas with (optional) alternative occupations: Jobs in city or town/suburb instead of farming = Too many locals shifting from farming to new occupations can Jead to cultural loss (eg. loss of coffee plantations in ethiopia) ST Salen 7 me jWhy math? > Design is qualitative and quantitative > Consider the flow of air, people, light, electricity- math allows us to quantify such factors. > Math is extremely accurate and creates precise definitions of space > Can be used to find a observed trend and make informed decisions > Can create average and can be used for categorizing > Use of GIS and CAD - helping create choropleth maps marking dense areas in the city. > Perimeter site x thickness x height of building= people live in development site > The presence of heritage buildings, temples, beautiful gardens makes the city comfortable for the older generation and is a symbol of the ever-changing urban environment. its PRM4 Stele of Axum o Itwas used to commemorate the deaths of old kings o System used to mark important individuals and was based on the cast system. © Tall four sided pillar structure © Vitality and immortality of the pharaoh(egyptian Belief) = Commemorating the dead m= Representing the king = Honoring the gods. o Represented the concept of duality and balance. © Cultural significance = Created in the 4th century BC m= Axum was a prosperous city and the stele was a way to show its power = Believed that these were marks of powerful axumite kings © Their function is supposed to be marks for underground burial chambers © Stele is a indicator of the rich culture and history of Axum o Shows the artistry and craftsmanship of axum people - architecture. ~~ —Artifacts PRM 4 > Krar - Sinful instrument co Ambhara people are the oldest inhabitants of ethiopia Krar is meant to sing erotic songs Kept in hotels and restaurants played for pleasure. 5 to 6 stringed instrument which is a bowl shaped iyre Most widespread musical instrument of the Amhara ethnic group Inspired by the devil © The banega was devoted to the gods. > Baobab tree © Called the tree of life = Fruit called the monkey breed Provides food for many animals like african elephants Habitat to many animals Can contain 5,500 liters of water in its trunk Leaves and bark have medicinal properties m Used to make clothes are ropes © Houses can be carved out of it making it culturally sympathetic to the environment © Culturally significant in African Folklore: Shora tribe myth, it was one of the first creations of god. Soon after the tree started taking care of god creations which enranged him and hence the roots show. Global demand estimated of about 1 billion dollars to Africa a year Symbol of wisdom, authority and custom Fruit made in market is US, for vitamin C Oil for cooking- great economic potential Natural hollow and shade can form mixed used area or social hubs. The tree is however dying to the threat of climate change. o 0000 000000> Running shoe ° 0000000 ° Akebe Bikila = Born on 7th 1932 = Ethiopian marathon runner = Won the olympics twice running barefoot in 1960 olympic games He was the first to hold 2 marathon wins. Treat the sport like a festival, uniting the community People start running from a young age Genetic predisposition High economic success that comes as a great incentive to start running The ethiopian diet also encourages it Accheap sport The barefoot adaptation, high altitude makes ethiopians good runners. > Jebena ° ° 0000000 Culture coffee pots from Ethiopia Coffee was found in Ethiopia when the heard of sheeps behavioral pattern changed on consumption When the unknown substance was infused in water it made coffee. Ethiopia is the birthplace of coffee Its inhabitants have drunk it for over 1000 years Created using clay- mixture of mud and water Carved differently depending on the owner and his social status Tells a story of the rich history of Ethiopia has with coffee Buna is the native coffee drink of Ethiopia- staple drink of the country