ELECTRIC ENGINEERING

ENERGY Program
Lecture : (DC Machine Connection)

Dr : Ayman Elshabrawy M Ahmed Date : 5 / 12 / 2022

Series Wound DC Motor
• The field current of a series DC Motor is the same as the load current, so that
the air-gap flux and hence the voltage vary widely with load.

• DC Power is supplied in series for the field windings and armature

• V = Eb + Ia(Ra + Rs) = ka x φ x ω
+ Ia (Ra + Rs)
• Eb = back EMF
• φ = magnetic flux
• ω = angular speed
• ka = proportionality constant
• Ia = armature current
• Ra = armature resistance
• Rs = field winding resistance
Series Wound DC Motor

• T = ka x φ x Ia
• φ = K1 x Ia (ignoring saturation)

• T = torque
• Eb = back EMF
• φ = magnetic flux
• ω = angular speed
• K1 = proportionality constant for flux
• Ia = armature current
• Eb = ka x K1 x Ia x ω
Series Wound DC Motor
• Substituting for Ia, we see that speed is
inversely proportional to torque for the full
torque-speed curve
• ω = V / (ka K1 Ia) – (Ra + Rs)/(ka K1)

• ω = (V φ) / (K1 T) – (Ra + Rs)/(ka K1)

• Very high starting torque, good for elevators

and cranes
• Motor can reach dangerous speeds if the
load is disconnected, so safety devices
such as overspeed detectors must be used
Speed Control of Series Wound DC Motor
• Speed is inversely proportional to flux
• Placing a diverter resistor RD in
parallel with the field winding
reduces the field current and the flux
• This method works only for
increasing speed values above that
obtained with RD not in the circuit
• Reduce the speed below this value
by increasing variable resistor RA in
series with the armature
 DC Motor Filed Series Vs Shunt Connection
Series field winding Shunt field winding
The armature winding is series with the field The armature winding is parallel with the shunt
winding field winding.

As the series field winding is connected in series As the shunt field winding is connected in parallel
with the armature winding, the series field with the armature winding, the voltage across
carries same current as that of armature winding. shunt field winding is same as the armature
winding.

The series winding is designed with few turns of The shunt field winding is designed with large
thick wires. number of turns having thin wires.

The resistance of the series field winding is very The resistance of the shunt field winding is very
low. high.
 Series field winding Shunt field winding
The torque is directly proportional to square of the The torque is directly proportional to the armature
armature current. current.
T α ΦIa T α ΦIa
As Φ α Ia As Φ is almost constant
T α Ia2 T α Ia
The series motor would draw only 1.41 times full load If twice the full load torque required at start, the shunt
current for the same amount of torque. ( As T α Ia2 ) motor draws the twice the full load current.
( As T α Ia )
The starting torque develop by series motor is high as The starting torque develop by shunt motor is low as
compared to shunt motor for same amount of compared to series motor for same amount of
armature current. armature current.
A series motor respond by decreasing its speed with A shunt motor holds its speed nearly constant with
small increase in current for a given load torque. large increase in input current for same amount of
load torque.
Variable speed motor Constant speed motor
Applications : Hoists , Cranes , Trolley Applications : Lathes , Centrifugal pump ,
cars ,Conveyors, Electric locomotives Blowers, Machine tools , Printing process , Spinning
machines, Reciprocating pump
Compound Wound DC Motor
• Field winding is connected partially
in series and parallel with the
armature winding
• Provides a hybrid performance of
the series and shunt wound DC
motors
• Combines high starting torque with
good speed control at the no-load
condition
Compound Wound DC Motor
• Runs slow when heavily loaded and
fast when lightly loaded

• Cumulative compound motor: flux

produced by windings is in the same
direction

• Differential compound motor: flux

produced is in the opposite direction
and subtracts from magnetic field
strength
Compound Wound DC Motor
Cumulative compound motor
𝝋𝝋𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 = 𝝋𝝋𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 + 𝝋𝝋𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔

Differential compound motor

𝝋𝝋𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 = 𝝋𝝋𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 − 𝝋𝝋𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔
 Shunt, Series, and Compound
• cumulatively compounded motor has speed-load
characteristics intermediate between those of a shunt
and a series motor, with the drop of speed with load
depending on the relative number of ampere-turns in
the shunt and series fields. It does not have the
disadvantage of very high light-load speed
associated with a series motor, but it retains to a
considerable degree the advantages of series
excitation.
• The application advantages of dc machines lie in the
variety of performance characteristics offered by the
possibilities of shunt, series, and compound
excitation.